自动化监控系统在东水西调供水管理中的应用与展望

东水西调供水系统承担着向京西城子水厂供水任务,解决了京西20万人民饮用水的问题,它从团城湖取水口到门头沟城子水厂,输水管线全长21 km,扬程60余m,由4个泵站和取水口站、流量计站组成.     

拱形浮式拦污栅

城子水厂供水工程的取水口就是原东水西调工程的取水口，担负着为京西工业供水及城子水厂地区生活洪水的双重任务，一旦取水口出现问题，整个工程就会停止运行。取水口设在颐和园团城湖内，拦污栅的设计从结构到外形都受到了多方面条件的限制。为满足此特殊条件而设计了新型浮式拦污排污结构－拱形浮式拦污栅，并指出了在制造安装、运行中应注意的问题。     

北京市郊区小城镇集中供水工程设计

介绍了北京市郊区小城镇集中供水工程的设计概况,确定了小城镇集中供水工程的设计原则,从用水量的预测、供水水源的选择、水质的净化处理、供水工艺的确定等几方面介绍了小城镇水厂在设计当中的要点.总结经验,解决问题,为今后小城镇水厂的规范化设计提供了一些合理化建议.     

高平城乡供水工程水厂项目工艺流程及调试运行分析

张峰水库高平城乡供水工程城市第三水厂项目,是为解决高平市城乡供水水源不足、水质逐年变差及供水能力不足等问题,而提出的一项战略性民生工程。设计年供水量1 000万m~3,主要建设内容为新建净水处理厂及附属建筑物、厂区工程和21.67 km的供水管线工程。文章介绍了水厂的主要工艺流程,提出了水厂调试运行的保障措施、准备工作及联动调试步骤,有效保障了水厂建成后的安全运行工作。     

推进农村供水工程标准化建设和管理

农村供水工程建设和管理,标准是主要技术依据.农村供水高质量发展,迫切需要进一步加强标准化工作.针对农村供水工程现状和发展需求,从供水工程规划设计、水源建设与保护、水厂建设和供水管理等环节,提出了农村供水工程标准化建设和规范化管理的措施.     

联村水厂实现自动化确保农村供水安全

通州区农村安全饮水工程在北京市政府的大力支持下,2005-2006年解决了306个村、26万农民的饮用水安全问题.为确保供水安全,饮用水质量得到长期、有效的控制和管理,及时掌握地下水的动态变化和合理开采地下水,通州区在工程供水方式上采取了以联村水厂供水为主的方式,并在联村水厂配备了自动化监控系统.     

淄博市引太入张输水工程关键技术应用

采用水库作为城市供水工程的水源一般引水距离较长,工程造价较高。淄博市引太入张供水工程采用了现有渠道输水直供水厂的方案,有效解决了工程中引水距离长、无调蓄水库不间断供水、进入水厂前落差较大等难点,为类似工程的建设提供借鉴。     

关于河南省南水北调受水区供水调蓄工程的探讨

河南省南水北调中线工程主要由总干渠主体工程、分水口门以下至城市水厂供水配套工程、城市水厂及管网工程3部分组成,3部分工程应同步开展前期工作、同步建设、同步运行,才能实现南水北调工程供水的社会和经济效益。而受水区供水调蓄工程是供水配套工程的重要组成部分,本文结合受水区现状供水条件,对河南省沿线受水城市的供水调蓄工程确定做出了自己的研究工作。     

桐乡市城乡一体化供水工程介绍

桐乡市针对管网布局不合理、乡镇地区供水水质不稳定、地面沉降和水源污染严重等问题,实施了城乡一体化供水工程.介绍了该工程的规划和建设情况,阐述了给水厂、供水管网的总体布局以及资金筹措、政策处理、运营模式等实施管理经验.工程建设期由2007年至2020年,分三期实施,工程竣工后桐乡市三座给水厂的供水范围将覆盖整个市域,至各乡镇管网全部形成环状网,供水安全性高.从目前实施的一期工程来看,已经取得了显著成效,特别是对乡镇用户水质的提高、缓解地面沉降有着突出的作用,对城市发展具有重要意义.     

大庆市东城水厂建设情况综评

作为尼尔基水利枢纽配套项目,省引嫩扩建骨干一期工程已把大庆市东城水库及其配套的东城水厂列入其中。东城区供水厂包括东湖水厂、东风水厂、老加压站、龙凤水厂、大庆热电厂水厂。其中龙凤水厂、大庆热电厂水厂作为企业自备水厂;东湖水厂、东风水厂和攻老压力站为市政供水水厂,总供水能力为12万m3/d。     

长江中游四大家鱼发江生态水文因子分析及生态水文目标确定

基于长江中游四大家鱼发江量历次调查数据,采用宜昌站作为长江中游水文情势变化分析的控制站,基于其1900~2004年共105年的日径流资料,采用每年5~6月涨水过程数、总涨水日数、平均每次涨水过程日数等3项生态水文指标,分析了四大家鱼发江量与3项生态水文因子的变化关系,认为产卵场所处江段每年5~6月的总涨水日数是决定家鱼苗发江量多寡的一个重要环境因子。根据IHA方法,对宜昌站105年来的生态水文指标分析表明,长江宜昌站生态水文过程的改变并不明显,5~6月总涨水日数变化趋势不显著,显示长江中游影响四大家鱼苗发江量的生态流量过程改变不明显,与前人得出的葛洲坝枢纽修建后四大家鱼的产卵条件和卵苗江汛规律没有变化这一认识一致。但是,随着三峡水库的运行,下游河道的生态环境流量过程会有较大改变,本文建议三峡水库的调控以保障长江中游每年5~6月的总涨水日数维持在22.1±7.2范围内为生态水文目标,即可从生态环境流量过程方面补偿水利工程对中游四大家鱼鱼苗发江量的影响。     

Seminar on Water and Energy,Stockholm, Sweden,August 21, 2005

Abstract

In Europe the implementation of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) will have major implications for water resources management. Part of the Directive requires Member States to implement a comprehensive system of controls (licences) on the allocation and abstraction (withdrawal) of surface and groundwater resources. This paper describes the development of a procedure to help assess and set abstraction licences for agricultural irrigation. The methodology is described with reference to Scotland, a country with limited abstraction control previously and where irrigation is supplemental to rainfall. The methodology combines spatial climatic information using a Geographical Information System (GIS) with data derived from a water balance computer model. The procedure enables the volumetric irrigation demand in a ‘design’ dry year for a given site to be estimated, taking into account local variations in climate, soil type, land use and irrigation practices. The approach provides a scientifically robust framework to allow the regulatory authority to assess the ‘reasonable’ water requirements of individual irrigators and hence develop allocations to satisfy the range of competing demands (e.g. agriculture, industry, and environment) on water resources. The methodology is applicable in other temperate countries where water abstraction controls are required and where appropriate datasets are available. The application of the procedure and its methodological limitations are described.     

Stakeholder-driven,enquiry-driven,or stakeholder-relevant,enquiry-driven science?

There is currently debate within the international hydrological community on whether hydrological science should give priority to providing measurements, knowledge, and understanding pre-determined as being needed by stakeholders, or priority to more basic enquiry-driven science that will stimulate the continued health and growth of hydrology as an important Earth science discipline. Two recent major international initiatives in hydrology reflect these two perspectives. One, the Hydrology for the Environment, Life, and Policy (HELP) program, is primarily fostered by UNESCO-IHP and is focused on stimulating the stakeholder-driven hydrological science required in specific catchments that have become members of a global network. The second, the decade on Prediction in Ungauged Basins (PUB), which is appropriately managed by IAHS, is primarily driven by scientific enquiry and is focused on creating new scientific methods and understanding, albeit with practical application ultimately in mind. This paper summarizes the nature, origins, growth, and progress of these two international programs but also describes the subtly different approach that has been adopted by the U.S. National Science Foundation's (NSF's) Center for Sustainability of semi-Arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA). NSF is a federal agency whose primary goal is to ‘enable the future’ by stimulating novel science. Because SAHRA is a federally-funded entity supported by an agency with this goal, the Center clearly cannot operate in stakeholder-driven, response mode in competition with the already effective private U.S. consultancy industry. Nonetheless, SAHRA's mission is to create knowledge and build understanding that will enhance the prospects of sustainable water management in semi-arid regions, especially the southwestern U.S. To resolve this apparent conflict, SAHRA looks ahead to future stakeholder needs and builds its research agenda around selected critical stakeholder-relevant questions that require substantial and sustained investment in basic, multidisciplinary, enquiry-driven science. This paper describes SAHRA's approach and reports on associated research and outreach activities.     

Growth,Reproduction, Mortality,Distribution, and Biomass of Freshwater Drum in Lake Erie

Predominant age-groups in the Lake Erie freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens population were 3, 4, and 5 as determined from gill net, trap net, bottom trawl, and midwater trawl samples. Age and growth calculations indicated that females grew faster than males. However, the length-weight relation did not differ between sexes and was described by the equation: log W = ?5.4383 + 3.1987 log L. Some males became sexually mature at age 2 and all were mature by age 6. Females matured 1 year later than males. Three sizes of eggs were present in ovaries; the average total number was 127,000 per female for 20 females over a length range of 270 to 478 mm. Seasonal analysis of the ovary-body weight ratio indicated that spawning extended from June to August. A total annual mortality rate of 49% for drum aged 4 through 11 was derived from catch-curve analysis. Freshwater drum were widely distributed throughout Lake Erie in 1977–1979, the greatest concentration being in the western basin. They moved into warm, shallow water (less than 10 m deep) during summer, and returned to deeper water in late fall. Summer biomass estimates for the western basin, based on systematic surveys with bottom trawls, were 9,545 t in 1977 and 2,333 t in 1978.     

水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法综述

在总结水-能源-粮食纽带关系研究中, 使用频率较高或潜力较大的 8 种水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法为: 水-能源-粮食纽带关系工具 2.0( WEF Nexus Tool 2.0) ; 生命周期评价( LCA) ; 可计算的一般均衡模型( CGE) ; 系统动力学模型( SD) ; 气候、土地、能源与水资源策略( CLEWS) ; 基于社会生态系统代谢的多尺度综合评价( MuSIASEM ) ; 市场配置/ 市场配置系统集成模型( MARKAL/ TIMES) 和水资源评价规划模型-长期能源替代规划系统 ( WEAP2LEAP) 。通过总结各研究方法的产生、发展及特性, 并引用案例讨论其适用范围, 分析其优缺点和在使用 时需要注意的问题。在此基础上, 对未来水2能源2粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的发展趋势进行讨论, 认为伴随可持 续发展问题关注度的上升与水-能源-粮食纽带关系内在机理的挖掘, 未来的水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法将 更加注重量化的精确性和数据的互通以及跨学科研究和多方法的耦合。本文可为水-能源-粮食纽带关系定量研究方法的选择和更新优化提供参考。     

Survival,Growth, and Movement of Subadult Humpback Chub,Gila Cypha,in the Little Colorado River,Arizona

Ecologists estimate vital rates, such as growth and survival, to better understand population dynamics and identify sensitive life history parameters for species or populations of concern. Here, we assess spatiotemporal variation in growth, movement, density, and survival of subadult humpback chub living in the Little Colorado River, Grand Canyon, AZ from 2001–2002 and 2009–2013. We divided the Little Colorado River into three reaches and used a multistate mark‐recapture model to determine rates of movement and differences in survival and density between sites for different cohorts. Additionally, site‐specific and year‐specific effects on growth were evaluated using a linear model. Results indicate that summer growth was higher for upstream sites compared with downstream sites. In contrast, there was not a consistent spatial pattern across years in winter growth; however, river‐wide winter growth was negatively related to the duration of floods from 1 October to 15 May. Apparent survival was estimated to be lower at the most downstream site compared with the upstream sites; however, this could be because in part of increased emigration into the Colorado River at downstream sites. Furthermore, the 2010 cohort (i.e. fish that are age 1 in 2010) exhibited high apparent survival relative to other years. Movement between reaches varied with year, and some years exhibited preferential upstream displacement. Improving understanding of spatiotemporal effects on age 1 humpback chub survival can help inform current management efforts to translocate humpback chub into new locations and give us a better understanding of the factors that may limit this tributary's carrying capacity for humpback chub. Published 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.