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1.
Fatty acid differences, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) have been shown in the brains of Alzheimer's patients
(AD) as compared with normal age-matched individuals. Furthermore, low serum DHA is a significant risk factor for the development
of AD. The relative concentration of DHA and other fatty acids, however, in the plasma of AD patients compared with patients
with other kinds of dementias (other dementias; OD), patients who are cognitively impaired but nondemented (CIND), or normal
patients is not known. In this study we analyzed the total phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine
(PE), and lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC) fractions of plasma from patients diagnosed with AD, OD, or CIND and compared them
with a group of elderly control subjects with normal cognitive functioning. Plasma phospholipid and PC levels of 20:5n-3,
DHA, total n-3 fatty acids, and the n-3/n-6 ratio were lower in the AD, OD, and CIND groups. Plasma phospholipid 24:0 was
lower in the AD, OD, and CIND groups as compared with the group of control patients, and total n-6 fatty acid levels were
higher in the AD and CIND groups only. In the plasma PE fraction, levels of 20:5n-3, DHA, and the total n-3 fatty acid levels
were significantly lower in the AD, OD, and CIND groups. DHA levels were lower in the lysoPC fraction of CIND individuals
only. There were no other differences in the fatty acid compositions of the different phospholipid fractions. Therefore, in
AD, OD, and CIND individuals, low levels of n-3 fatty acids in the plasma may be a risk factor for cognitive impairment and/or
dementia. Interestingly, a decreased level of plasma DHA was not limited to the AD patients but appears to be common in cognitive
impairment with aging. 相似文献
2.
The fatty acid composition of erythrocytes, platelets, and serum lipids was compared between subjects who had been eating
a strict uncooked vegan diet (“living food”) for years and omnivore controls. The vegan diet contains equal amounts of fat
but more monounsaturated and polyunsaturated and less saturated fatty acids than the mixed diet of the control group. In vegans,
the proportion of linoleic acid was greater in all lipid fractions studied. Also, the levels of other n−6 fatty acids were
greater, with the exception of arachidonic acid levels, which were similar in most fractions. In erythrocytes, platelets and
serum phospholipid fractions, this increase was mainly at the expense of the n−3 fatty acids. The proportions of eicosapentaenoic
and docosahexaenoic acid were only 29–36% and 49–52% of those in controls, respectively. In vegans the ratio of n−3 to n−6
fatty acids was only about half that in omnivores. In addition to the lower levels of n−3 fatty acids, the proportions of
palmitic and stearic acids were lower in serum cholesteryl esters, triglycerides and free fatty acids of vegans. The proportion
of oleic acid was slightly lower only in serum cholesteryl esters and erythrocyte phosphatidylserine. The results show that,
in the long term, the vegan diet has little effect on the proportions of oleic and arachidonic acids, whereas the levels of
n−3 fatty acids are depressed to very low levels with prolonged consumption of the high linoleic and oleic acid components
of this diet. 相似文献
3.
目的研究脂肪肝病人的发病率及年龄分布情况,探讨脂肪肝的诊断、发病因素与血脂、血糖之间的关系。方法对我院2008年至2009两个年度内本地区健康查体抽样520人次,抽取空腹静脉血液检测分析血糖、血脂。结果 145例脂肪肝病人甘油三酯增高62例,胆固醇增高58例,两者均增高25例。血糖增高55例。结论脂肪肝与高甘油三酯及胆固醇、血糖增高有密切的关系。脂肪肝病人中甘油三酯升高尤为显著,是较好的观察指标之一。肥胖、嗜酒、职业特点及糖尿病等均为引起脂肪肝的因素。 相似文献
4.
5.
Alterations in the fatty acid distribution of total lipid extracts and 4 of the major lipid subclasses of serum in ponies fasted overnight and for 4 and 7 days were determined. Although increases in 16:0, 16:1, and 18:3 omega 3 were observed, decreased amounts of 18:0 and 18:2 omega 6 combined to cause no significant change in the saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio in the total extracts. Phospholipid became somewhat preferentially enriched in saturated fatty acids due to a decrease in 18:1, although this response was variable. The free fatty acid and triglyceride fractions both showed increases in relative amounts of 18:3 omega 3 and a decrease in 18:0 and a concomitant change in the saturated to unsaturated fatty acid ratio. This endogenous alteration was most likely due to the mobilization of an increased proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids from tissue sites with their subsequent incorporation into triglyceride by the liver. It probably reflects the type of forage diet on which the animals had been maintained prior to the study. The fatty acid composition of the cholesteryl ester fractions was unchanged during fasting but contained appreciable amounts of the 18:2 omega 6 fatty acid. 相似文献
6.
7.
R. G. Binder T. H. Applewhite G. O. Kohler L. A. Goldblatt 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1962,39(12):513-517
The fatty acid composition of a number of domestic and foreign castor oils was determined by consecutive column and gas-liquid
Chromatographic analysis. After saponification of the oils and removal of the unsaponifiables, the nonhydroxy, monohydroxy,
and dihydroxy acids were fractionated by partition chromatography on silicic acid. The amount of acid in each fraction was
determined by titration or weighing. Gravimetric data were in good agreement with the titrimetric data. The acids obtained
by saponification were converted to methyl esters with diazomethane and similarly subjected to partition chromatography. The
methyl esters from various fractions were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Components were tentatively identified by
their comparative retention times and confirmed
Presented at the AOCS meeting in Chicago, 1961.
A laboratory of the Western. Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U.S.D.A. 相似文献
8.
Kuksis A. Myher J. J. Marai L. Little J. A. McArthur R. G. Roncari D. A. K. 《Lipids》1986,21(6):371-377
The bulk of the plasma plant sterol in phytosterolemia occurs in the esterified form and is carried mostly in the low and
high density lipoproteins. We have determined the fatty acid composition of the individual plasma steryl esters from a newly
discovered subject with phytosterolemia and xanthomatosis. For this purpose the intact steryl esters were subject to high
temperature gas liquid chromatography (GLC) on a polar capillary column, which separated the major esters on the basis of
molecular weight and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acids. The saturated and unsaturated sterols esterified to saturated,
monoenoic, dienoic and tetraenoic fatty acids were identified by GLC analysis of the sterol moieties of the corresponding
AgNO3-TLC fractions of the steryl esters. The GLC results were confirmed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography
combined with mass spectrometry via direct liquid inlet interface. It was found that, in general, each fatty acid was esterified
to the same complement of sterols, and that the esterified sterols possessed a composition comparable to that of the free
plasma sterols, which was comprised of about 75% cholesterol, 6% campesterol, 4% 22,23-dihydrobrassicasterol and 15% β-sitosterol.
The fatty acid composition of the steryl esters differed from that of the 2-position of the plasma phosphatidylcholines, which
contained significantly less palmitic and oleic and more linoleic acid. On the basis of these results and a review of the
literature it is suggested that the plasma cholesteryl and plant steryl esters in phytosterolemia originate from both synthesis
in plasma via the lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and synthesis in tissues via the acylCoA-cholesterol acyltransferase. 相似文献
9.
Morrison WR 《Lipids》1968,3(2):107-110
Phospholipids were isolated from camel, ass, and pig milks, and their fatty acid compositions were determined by gasliquid
chromatography. The specific distributions of fatty acids in phosphatidyl choline (PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE)
were determined. The results are compared with previous results for bovine, sheep, Indian buffalo, and human milks. The milk
phospholipids which were studied can be grouped, on the basis of their fatty acid compositions, into those from ruminant herbivores,
nonruminant herbivores, and nonherbivores. The phospholipids of camel milk however have features typical of all groups as
well as 15% plasmalogen in the PE fraction.
For Parts I and II, see References 1 and 2. 相似文献
10.
Fatty acid chain length and degree of unsaturation are inversely associated with serum triglycerides
Little is known about the association between dietary fatty acids and serum triglyceride concentrations. Plasma fatty acids
may reflect dietary intake and can be used to study the relationship between concentrations of individual fatty acids and
serum lipids. We examined the cross-sectional relationship of plasma fatty acids with serum nonfasting triglyceride and total
cholesterol concentrations. Relative concentrations of individual plasma phospholipid fatty acids were determined by gas-liquid
chromatography among 4,158 men aged 40–42 yr, who participated in a population study. The pattern of associations between
individual fatty acids and cholesterol was different from that between individual fatty acids and triglyceride concentrations.
All fatty acids displayed positive associations with total cholesterol concentration except linoleic acid, which was inversely
related to cholesterol. In contrast, associations between individual fatty acids and triglyceride concentrations differed
in strength and direction depending on both carbon chain length and the degree of unsaturation. Concentrations of very long
chain (20 carbon atoms or more) saturated, monounsaturated, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids showed significant inverse
associations with triglycerides, whereas shorter fatty acids within these classes were positively associated with triglyceride
concentrations. The present data suggest that the associations between concentrations of serum triglycerides and plasma phospholipid
fatty acids depend on both fatty acid chain length and the degree of unsaturation. 相似文献
11.
Fatty acid content of plasma lipids and erythrocyte phospholipids are altered following burn injury 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
The objective of this study was to examine compositional and quantitative changes in fatty acids of plasma components and
red blood cell phospholipids (PL) immediately following and during recovery from burn injury. Subjects (n=10) with >10% total body surface area burn had blood drawn at specific timepoints (0 to >50 d) following burn injury. Fatty
acid composition of red blood cell PL and plasma PL, cholesteryl esters (CE), and triglycerides was determined using gas-liquid
chromatography after separating each fraction from extracted lipids by thin-layer chromatography. Total plasma PL and CE in
burn patients were lower than in healthy control subjects with reduced 20∶4n−6, n−6, and n−3 fatty acids and higher levels
of monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids early after burn. CE levels remained half that of healthy control values up to
50 d post-burn. Red blood cell PL had decreased 20∶4n−6 content and profiles similar to that of an essential fatty acid deficiency
early after burn. These results suggest an impairment in lipoprotein and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the early
post-burn period. Lower levels of 20∶4n−6 and n−3 fatty acids in every plasma fraction suggest increased use of these fatty
acids for wound healing and immune function following burn injury. Further work is needed to determine the ability of burn
patients to utilize essential fatty acids in order to design nutritional intervention that promotes wound healing and immunological
functions consistent with recovery in these patients. 相似文献
12.
The fatty acids from sclerotia ofC. purpurea and of four otherClaviceps species have been examined chromatographically, and all contain greater or lesser amounts of various oxygenated fatty acids.C. sulcata was the most unusual in that it contained some 60% of (+)-threo-9, 10-dihydroxystearic acid. 相似文献
13.
Steers were given diets containing formaldehyde-treated casein-safflower oil supplements, in which the constituent 18∶2 was
protected from ruminal hydrogenation. A similar group was given unsupplemented diets. The fatty acid compositions of plasma,
liver, muscle and adipose tissue lipids were determined in both groups of cattle after 0, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of experimentation.
The proportion of 18∶2 in the triglycerides was markedly increased on feeding the supplement and the rate of incorporation
into the plasma triglycerides was higher than that in the triglycerides of muscle and adipose tissue. Associated with this
increase there were compensatory decreases in the proportions of 16∶0 and 18∶1 but no consistent change in the proportion
of 18∶0. The proportion of 18∶2 in the plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters was initially much higher than in the triglycerides
and this was further increased by feeding the safflower oil supplement. A linear relationship existed between the proportion
of 18∶2 in the phospholipids and cholesteryl esters of plasma. The supplement also caused substantial increases in the proportion
of 18∶2, both in phospholipids from liver and muscle and in cholesteryl esters from liver, and there were compensatory decreases
in the proportions of other unsaturated fatty acids, e.g., 18∶1, 18∶3, 22∶6. These studies demonstrate that when ruminal hydrogenation
was circumvented by feeding formaldehyde-treated casein-safflower oil particles, the linoleic acid was absorbed and the pattern
of incorporation into plasma and tissue lipids was similar to that in nonruminants. 相似文献
14.
Phospholipids were isolated from sheep, Indian buffalo, and human milks, and their fatty acid compositions determined by gas
chromatography. The specific distributions of fatty acids in phosphatidyl cholines (PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamines (PE)
were determined after phospholipase A hydrolysis.
Fatty acid compositions and specific distributions were similar in sheep and buffalo milk phospholipids, and compared closely
with those of bovine milk. Human milk phospholipids, particularly PE, contained much larger amounts of polyunsaturated acids,
but negligible amounts of branchedchain acids. Palmitic and oleic acids were evenly distributed in human milk PC and PE, whereas
they were preferentially located in the α′ position in PC and PE of ruminant milks.
The results are discussed in the context of current theories of lipid biosynthesis.
Part I of this series is “Fatty Acids of Bovine Milk Glycolipids and Phospholipids, and Their Specific Distribution in the
Diacylglycerophospholipids,” W. R. Morrison, E. L. Jack and L. M. Smith. JAOCS,42, 1142–1147 (1965). 相似文献
15.
16.
Variation in the fatty acid composition of fasting plasma lipids and of cholesteryl esters was studied in 69 sets of adult
male twins and 25 of their brothers. Genetic variances were estimated using the twin model. In general, monozygotic (MZ) twins
were characterized by the smallest within-pair variance, and brothers of twins by the largest. Variation within dizygotic
pairs fell intermediate to that of MZ twins and brothers. The present study did not reveal consistent significant (P<0.05)
genetic variation in plasma fatty acids from total plasma lipids or cholesteryl esters. 相似文献
17.
18.
Daniel Swern A. J. Stirton J. Turer P. A. Wells 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1943,20(11):224-226
Summary Fat-soluble fatty acid monoesters of 1-ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and d-isoascorbic acid have been prepared from lauric, myristic,
palmitic, and stearic acids in 40–50 per cent yields.
Evidence has been presented to show that only the primary hydroxyl group of each of the ascorbic acids has been esterified.
Antioxidant properties of these esters are being studied.
Preliminary tests on the esters have indicated that they may have useful properties as interfacial modifiers. 相似文献
19.
20.
R. G. Bistline {jrJr.} E. W. Maurer F. D. Smith W. M. Linfield 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1980,57(2):98-103
A series of fatty acid amides anilides was prepared and a number of compounds in the series were found to be highly active
against gram positive bacteria but ineffective against gram negative organisms. The N,N-dimethyl- and N,N-diethylamides of
C12-C14 fatty acids had minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 100 ppm or less. Substituted anilides of C6-C11 fatty acids were active when the following groups were attached to the aromatic ring: 3,4-dichloro, 3-nitro, 4-nitro, 5-chloro-2-hydroxy,
4-chloro-3-nitro, and 2-hydroxy-5-nitro. Some of these compounds had a MIC value of 0.1 ppm. Significantly, the presence of
soap did not reduce the activity of these bacteriostats, whereas polysorbate 80 at high concentrations deactivated the compounds.
Presented at the AOCS Meeting in St. Louis, May 1978.
Agricultural Research, Science and Education Administration, U.S. Department of Agriculture. 相似文献