浅谈“伪绿色”工业设计

对绿色设计进行了合理而深入的探索,提出了生态问题是工业文明带来的启示。分析了绿色设计下工业设计的成就,浅谈了绿色设计的发展,呼唤设计师的道德和责任。面对绿色设计主流的市场下出现了一大批"伪绿色"设计产品,理性的明辨绿色设计真伪十分必要。因为绿色设计的长远利益高于局部利益,所以本文对于"伪绿色"工业设计做出了理性的思考。     

现代语境下的中式传统民间家具重塑设计

中国传统家具的重塑设计是现代家具设计创新的灵感源泉之一。本文从"民间"家具的视角,阐述了重塑设计的设计思维;结合传统文化与现代需求,提出了意境重建、功能重构、造型重塑的重塑设计方法;通过具体设计案例,分析了重塑设计思路和设计理念。在现代语境下,家具设计的文化传承与重塑设计直接从民间家具着眼,返璞归真,不仅丰富了设计师的设计视角,而且契合了现代年轻消费者的审美情趣和情感需求。     

皮革制品设计信息的可重用性研究

介绍了皮革制品设计信息内容包括设计需求信息、设计原理信息、设计过程信息和设计结果信息,提出了通过对设计需求信息进行分解然后匹配的方法完成皮革制品设计信息的重用,重点对运用模糊数学里的聚类分析和贴近度来判断皮革制品设计信息可重用性进行了研究,为皮革制品设计信息的重用奠定了良好的基础.     

“再迎盛事”——从国际家具展到创意设计城——2010米兰国际家具展设计趋势分析及对中国家具产业的启示

本文对2010年米兰国际家具展与米兰设计周的设计信息进行了综合的分析与研究,特别是对米兰在设计展览与创意产业、设计品牌与设计文化、设计组织与设计政策等方面进行了系统的研究,并且与中国家具产业和设计创意产业进行了比较与反思。对2010年米兰国际家具展与米兰设计周在设计趋势、设计风格、新工艺与新材料等方面进行了初步的总结,并且提炼了主要设计潮流趋势的关键词,希望能为中国家具家居企业的新产品设计开发与中国设计创意产业的发展有所启迪。     

全球创意设计与时尚美学的大教堂-2011米兰国际家具展设计趋势研究报告

本文对2011年米兰国际家具展与米兰设计周的设计信息进行了综合的分析与研究,特别是对米兰在设计展览与创意产业、设计品牌与设计文化、设计组织与设计政策等方面进行了系统的研究,并且与中国家具产业和设计创意产业进行了比较与反思.并且提炼了设计潮流趋势关键词与设计事件的案例分析,希望对中国家具家居企业的新产品设计开发与中国设计...     

设计中的设计伦理

通过分析设计中出现的异化现象 ,提出了设计伦理的必要性。并阐明了设计伦理的内容——绿色设计、人性化设计和环境设计。并对设计师和设计教育工作者的责任提出了要求     

关于层次化设计方法在数字电路设计中的应用分析

本文主要叙述了层次化设计方法的原理和特点,重点分析了该设计方法在数字电路设计中的应用,结合16位数字相关器设计的过程,阐述了在数字电路设计中,整个层次设计方法的具体应用过程。     

波西米亚风格毛衫设计特点研究

对波西米亚风格毛衫的装饰设计、图案设计和色彩设计进行了分析研究。在装饰设计中,分别从荷叶边与流苏设计、镂空设计、刺绣设计、抽带与系带设计、手工钩编设计等方面进行研究;在图案设计中,从具象图案设计及抽象图案设计2方面进行研究;在色彩设计中,研究了色彩对比配色、无彩色和有彩色的调和配色设计。得出:在设计波西米亚风格毛衫时需综合运用装饰、图案、色彩等设计要素,以丰富毛衫的特点,拓展毛衫的空间造型潜力,赋予毛衫不同的民族情调。文章为波西米亚风格毛衫的设计提供了不同角度的设计方法和思路,为毛衫设计师提供了灵感来源和创作思路。     

信息时代展示设计的位移研究

信息化高度发达的今天给展示设计带来巨大变革,当代的展示设计已不是某个人、某个专业的事情,而是一个全球化的概念,由此带来了展示设计在设计理念、设计内容、表现形式、审美标准上有了质的飞跃,文章从分析信息时代展示设计位移的社会动因入手,总结归纳现代展示设计的四大位移趋势,为现代展示设计提供了新的设计思维。     

林业机械装备的人性化设计研究

介绍了人性化设计的理论内涵,阐述了林业机械装备对人性化设计的现实需求,从人机界面设计、设备外观设计、操作舒适性设计等方面分析了人性化设计在林业机械装备设计中的应用前景。     

食堂餐具回收装置的研究

研发一种食堂餐具回收装置,该装置由机械系统和控制系统组成。机械系统主要包括餐具输送机、旋转电磁式机械臂和处理机三部分。其中,餐具输送机可替代餐厅收餐车收集餐具,并传递至处理机;旋转电磁式机械臂完成餐具从餐具输送机至处理机之间的传递,并倾倒餐具中的残留物;处理机将餐具分类并收集。样机测试结果表明:该装置可替代人力,实现对食堂中不同型号的不锈钢餐具的自动回收、清理和分类,具有良好的实用性和经济性。     

Selection and management of DNA markers for use in genomic evaluation

To facilitate routine genomic evaluation, a database was constructed to store genotypes for 50,972 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA). Multiple samples per animal are allowed. All SNP genotypes for a sample are stored in a single row. An indicator specifies whether the genotype for a sample was selected for use in genomic evaluation. Samples with low call rates or pedigree conflicts are designated as unusable. Among multiple samples that qualify for use in genomic evaluation, the one with the highest call rate is designated as usable. When multiple samples are stored for an animal, a composite is formed during extraction by using SNP genotypes from other samples to replace missing genotypes. To increase the number of SNP available, scanner output for approximately 19,000 samples was reprocessed. Any SNP with a minor allele frequency of ≥1% for Holsteins, Jerseys, or Brown Swiss was selected, which was the primary reason that the number of SNP used for USDA genomic evaluations increased. Few parent-progeny conflicts (≤1%) and a high call rate (≥90%) were additional requirements that eliminated 2,378 SNP. Because monomorphic SNP did not degrade convergence during estimation of SNP effects, a single set of 43,385 SNP was adopted for all breeds. The use of a database for genotypes, detection of conflicts as genotypes are stored, online access for problem resolution, and use of a single set of SNP for genomic evaluations have simplified tracking of genotypes and genomic evaluation as a routine and official process.     

纺织业优化潜能

全球化对大多数人来说已成为一个时髦名词,不过在纺织业看来,这个词语早在多年前就是日常商务活动中的一部分了。通常一件令人满意的衣服在到达顾客手中之前,早就在全球兜过一大圈了。站在消费者的立场,介绍并分析了整个纺织链。     

Development of a state wide tobacco treatment specialist training and certification programme for Massachusetts

OBJECTIVE: To describe the research conducted to structure and develop a statewide tobacco training and certification programme for tobacco treatment specialists (TTSs) in Massachusetts. DESIGN: Qualitative research strategies were used to obtain information on certification development and opinions regarding TTS training and certification from key informants. A role definition and validation study was then conducted to determine the core competencies for TTSs. A comprehensive training programme was developed, piloted, and finalised, and a certification programme was initiated. PARTICIPANTS: Key informants included: individuals involved in the development of their professional certification programmes; tobacco treatment providers from across Massachusetts; and national tobacco treatment experts. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants' opinions about the need for and structure of a training and certification programme for individuals specialising in the provision of moderate to intensive tobacco treatment; delineation of core competencies for TTSs, using the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (now the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality) clinical practice guideline as a foundation for the development of evidence based standards of practice for the treatment of nicotine dependence. RESULTS: The data support a comprehensive training and certification programme for TTSs in Massachusetts. Main concerns include the cost of obtaining certification, the potential to exclude uncertified healthcare professionals from delivering basic tobacco treatment, and the role of the TTS in the healthcare delivery system and the community. The training programme developed for Massachusetts was piloted, and the structure of a statewide training and certification programme for TTSs was finalised. CONCLUSIONS: The research provides support for the need and acceptance of a training and certification programme for TTSs in Massachusetts, and presents the challenges to be addressed. We demonstrated the feasibility of developing and implementing an evidence based training programme, and of initiating a statewide certification programme in Massachusetts. This work will add to a national dialogue on the development of a training and certification programme for tobacco treatment providers and encourage further research into the potential impact of statewide and national certification.     

油炸对鹅肉理化性质、质构与微观结构的影响

为选择鹅肉合适的油炸条件,采用常规物化特性测定方法,研究油炸对鹅肉理化性质、质构与微观结构的影响。结果表明,随油炸温度升高、时间延长,油炸损失率逐渐增加,135℃油炸5 min比120℃油炸2.5 min的损失率增加了12.87%(P0.05);p H值与剪切力的变化规律相似,呈现出了总体上升趋势,120℃与135℃油炸5 min时,剪切力值分别为40.432 N与55.783 N(P0.05);油炸后,鹅肉L*值降低,a*值与b*值逐渐增加,135℃油炸5 min的a*值与b*值分别比油炸2.5 min的增加了27.85%与32.95%;油炸后鹅肉硬度、咀嚼性总体变大,弹性、凝聚力、黏性及恢复性总体变小。120℃油炸3.5 min时,肌束膜内出现少许颗粒,125℃油炸3.5 min时,肌束膜变形严重,部分溶解,至135℃油炸5 min时,肌细胞结构已十分模糊。130℃油炸3 min是鹅肉较好的油炸条件,在此条件下,鹅肉损失率为38.24%、剪切力值为41.897 N、色泽金黄、质构特性良好。     

Economic evaluation of genomic breeding programs

The objective of this study was to compare a conventional dairy cattle breeding program characterized by a progeny testing scheme with different scenarios of genomic breeding programs. The ultimate economic evaluation criterion was discounted profit reflecting discounted returns minus discounted costs per cow in a balanced breeding goal of production and functionality. A deterministic approach mainly based on the gene flow method and selection index calculations was used to model a conventional progeny testing program and different scenarios of genomic breeding programs. As a novel idea, the modeling of the genomic breeding program accounted for the proportion of farmers waiting for daughter records of genotyped young bulls before using them for artificial insemination. Technical and biological coefficients for modeling were chosen to correspond to a German breeding organization. The conventional breeding program for 50 test bulls per year within a population of 100,000 cows served as a base scenario. Scenarios of genomic breeding programs considered the variation of costs for genotyping, selection intensity of cow sires, proportion of farmers waiting for daughter records of genotyped young bulls, and different accuracies of genomic indices for bulls and cows. Given that the accuracies of genomic indices are greater than 0.70, a distinct economic advantage was found for all scenarios of genomic breeding programs up to factor 2.59, mainly due to the reduction in generation intervals. Costs for genotyping were negligible when focusing on a population-wide perspective and considering additional costs for herdbook registration, milk recording, or keeping of bulls, especially if there is no need for yearly recalculation of effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Genomic breeding programs generated a higher discounted profit than a conventional progeny testing program for all scenarios where at least 20% of the inseminations were done by genotyped young bulls without daughter records. Evaluation of levels of annual genetic gain for individual traits revealed the same potential for low heritable traits (h² = 0.05) compared with moderate heritable traits (h² = 0.30), preconditioning highly accurate genomic indices of 0.90. The final economic success of genomic breeding programs strongly depends on the complete abdication of any forms of progeny testing to reduce costs and generation intervals, but such a strategy implies the willingness of the participating milk producers.     

Application of class-modelling techniques to near infrared data for food authentication purposes

Following the introduction of legal identifiers of geographic origin within Europe, methods for confirming any such claims are required. Spectroscopic techniques provide a method for rapid and non-destructive data collection and a variety of chemometric approaches have been deployed for their interrogation. In this present study, class-modelling techniques (SIMCA, UNEQ and POTFUN) have been deployed after data compression by principal component analysis for the development of class-models for a set of olive oils and honeys. The number of principal components, the confidence level and spectral pre-treatments (1st and 2nd derivative, standard normal variate) were varied, and a strategy for variable selection was tried. Models were evaluated on a separate validation sample set. The outcomes are reported and criteria for selection of the most appropriate models for any given application are discussed.     

Trends in meat science and technology: The future looks bright,but the journey will be long

With an increasing world population, an increase in affluence and a substantial growth in the demand for high quality protein, the meat sector faces a fantastic but challenging century. New scientific knowledge, technology and creative minds are the main ingredients in order to reach out for this great opportunity. Efficiency all the way from breeding and farming to processing and dispatch is crucial for success. Technology has brought us far, and there is still a huge potential for increased efficiency by implementing best practices on a global scale. New challenges include: hyper flexible automation, more accurate and faster measurement systems and meeting special consumer demands already at the production line. Systems for optimal animal welfare will be even more important and sustainability is no longer a consumer trend but a license to operate. The scientific meat society must provide knowledge and technology so we together can reach out for a seemingly bright future.     

Alternatives to spray irrigation of starch waste based distillery effluent

The distillery effluent from a starch waste based ethanol plant has been disposed of by spray irrigation for some time. The alternative methods of disposal are reviewed and their then costs compared for a 50 Ml/year plant. Anaerobic digestion can reduce pollution load significantly but it requires more investment and increased annual cost. Partial solids recovery by ultrafiltration (UF) does not reduce the pollution as much, but results in a byproduct for sale and a payback period of under six years for the extra investment. Further solids recovery by UF and nanofiltration requires a much longer payback period for the extra investment. Further research is required for more economical solids recovery and better value added byproducts.     

Study on flock detaching motion of a cotton comber

Flock detaching motion is an important factor of the combing quality of a cotton comber. A model for flock detaching time and detaching roller motion was developed by analyzing the motion of the nipper during the flock detaching process. Then, a diagram for the relationship between flock detached time parameters and a graph for detaching roller speed were drawn. This study provides a theoretical basis for analyzing combing quality and designing detaching roller motion.