金属表面裂纹脉冲压缩增强型激光超声检测方法研究

为了提高激光超声技术检测能力,提出了一种基于脉冲压缩的增强型激光超声检测方法,并将其用于金属表面裂纹检测。该方法结合激光束空间分布调控技术,激发线性调频超声表面波信号,进一步利用匹配滤波算法对线性调频激光超声表面波信号进行脉冲压缩,可大幅度提高激光超声检测信号的信噪比和分辨率。建立空间调制激光超声数值计算模型,研究线性调频激光超声信号激励方法;基于数值模拟获得的线性调频激光超声检测信号,开发基于匹配滤波器的激光超声脉冲压缩信号处理方法;通过数值模拟不同表面裂纹缺陷与不同空间调制情况下的脉冲压缩信号效果,探究该方法对于激光超声检测信号信噪比的增强能力,并最终通过试验验证。结论表明,基于脉冲压缩技术的增强型激光超声检测方法,可以大幅度抑制噪声信号,提高针对金属表面裂纹的缺陷检测能力,解决激光超声无损检测信噪比低,灵敏度差的问题,也为该方法进一步研究提供理论依据和试验指导。     

水下声信标信号的多脉冲匹配滤波改进方法

水下声信标信号检测是搜寻黑匣子的重要技术之一。针对水下声信标信号声源级低、脉冲宽度窄所带来的检测难题,充分利用声信标信号周期短、相邻脉冲信号相关性强等特点,提出了一种基于多脉冲积分的改进匹配滤波方法,通过前后脉冲匹配方法克服标准信号匹配处理中因信号畸变带来的匹配处理增益下降,通过多脉冲累积提高积分增益。通过仿真实验验证,当取多脉冲累积数为6时,在理想白噪声环境下,所提改进方法比传统单脉冲匹配滤波检测性能提高约4 dB,特别是在存在明显多普勒影响下,传统方法适应性下降,所提改进方法有9 dB的性能提高。通过对湖上实验数据的处理也验证了所提方法的有效性。     

脉冲编码Φ-OTDR系统性能分析

研究了基于编码调制的相位敏感光时域反射计(Φ-OTDR)系统原理,该系统向传感光纤注入经过编码后的光脉冲序列,在接收端经过数据处理提升Φ-OTDR系统信噪比,从而提高系统传感距离.对比研究了脉冲编码方式和传统信号处理方式对系统信噪比的影响;采用格雷码进行了实验分析,通过匹配滤波对编码脉冲回拨信号进行降噪处理,并与单脉冲信号结果进行了对比.结果表明,采用脉冲编码可提高Φ-OTDR系统动态范围,能有效提升系统综合性能.     

高重频脉冲激光测距回波处理技术研究

针对高重频激光测距中探测回波信噪比低、探测虚警率高等问题,提出了基于多脉冲信号迭加、脉宽匹配差分和平滑滤波以及三阶累积量谱估计的探测回波综合处理方法.实验及仿真结果表明,采用该方法处理后,可有效抑制探测回波中的噪声,提高探测回波的信噪比,从而提高了高重频脉冲激光测距的探测性能.     

水下小孔径阵列远程目标检测方法研究

匹配滤波器频域自适应线谱增强方法是一种基于递归算法的非线性滤波技术,它大大提高了匹配滤波器的检测性能.针对当前该技术使用窄带信号作为发射信号存在可利用的带宽有限,不能充分发挥自适应线谱增强器性能的问题,文章提出将该技术与宽带信号相结合来检测远程目标.仿真显示,该方法在低信噪比条件下获得了较高的信噪比增益和检测概率.海试...     

基于Matlab的LFM脉冲压缩仿真

基于Matlab平台以线性调频信号为例通过仿真研究了雷达信号处理中的脉冲压缩技术。在对线性调频信号时域波形进行仿真的基础上介绍了数字正交相干检波技术。最后基于匹配滤波算法对雷达回波信号进行了脉冲压缩仿真,仿真结果表明采用线性调频信号可以有效地实现雷达回波信号脉冲压缩,提高雷达的距离分辨力。     

一种适用于浅海小信噪比条件的声源目标定位技术

文章将匹配场处理技术引入一种新的目标运动分析方法——长时间积分法中，用根据实际海洋传播条件计算所得的声场作为拷贝场向量，替代传统方法中所采用的平面波模型。由于充分利用了声场的空间结构，使得该方法不仅能够完成传统目标运动分析中定出目标方位的功能，而且还可以定出其距离和深度。同时，因积分时间的增加还大大提高了对目标的检测性能。该方法可用于解决小信噪比条件下，声源目标的检测和定位问题。尤其适用于浅海、在声信号的传播因受波导和多途现象影响而严重偏离平面波的情况。仿真结果表明：采用平面波模型时，在信噪比低于-28dB时，声源目标参数就已相当模糊；而当采用匹配场处理技术，在信噪比降为-33dB时，仍可精确地得到声源目标的参数。     

红外弱小目标检测背景抑制算法研究

复杂背景下红外小目标识别一直是红外图像处理的关键技术之一,针对复杂云背景下红外弱小目标的时域和空域特征,考虑到易于硬件实现和实时性要求,提出基于快速统计排序滤波和Robinson Guard滤波并行快速处理算法,对复杂背景进行高信噪比抑制。实验证明,该方法能够有效地提高红外弱小目标图像信噪比和复杂背景下的小目标的检测概率。     

一种基于声起伏特性的水面干扰抑制方法

利用水面目标和环境噪声起伏较大,而水下目标的声信号起伏较小的特性,可以有效抑制水面干扰,提高水下目标的检测概率。对于单基元频谱分析采用非线性滤波器,进而针对阵列信号处理提出一种基于非线性滤波的连续时间方位历程水面干扰抑制方法。最后,对Swell96的实验数据进行了处理,单基元信号处理结果表明,振幅非线性滤波器和复声压非线性滤波器对于稳定线谱的信噪比(Signal to Noise Ratio,SNR)增益可达15 d B和30 d B;阵列信号处理结果显示所提出的方法能够有效抑制水面声源的航迹,提高水下声源的发现概率。     

钢包耳轴根部焊缝的相控阵超声检测与信号处理

采用匹配追踪算法和小波变换对低信噪比(2dB和-5dB)钢包耳轴根部焊缝缺陷检测信号进行预处理对比分析,在定制试块上采用64阵元超声相控阵探头对深度为230mm的耳轴根部焊缝进行检测,并且结合基于Gabor原子库的匹配追踪算法对回波信号进行消噪后成像.结果表明,在低信噪比(-5dB)条件下,匹配追踪算法较小波变换有更好的预处理效果;对深度位于220mm和230mm处的钢包耳轴焊缝缺陷的实际检测信号进行去噪处理时,匹配追踪算法能够准确定位缺陷位置并显著提高缺陷处信噪比.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.