厦门轨道交通地铁1号线横通道坍塌原因及处治

由于地质条件及周边环境的复杂性、不确定性等特点,城市轨道交通隧道易发生施工事故。坍塌是城市轨道交通隧道建设过程中最为常见的安全事故之一。结合厦门轨道交通地铁1号线横通道坍塌事故现场实际情况,分析了坍塌产生的原因,并提出了相应的处治方案和建议,同时也为地铁隧道坍塌处治提供了一个成功的实例。     

双护盾TBM小半径曲线地铁隧道施工技术分析

双护盾TBM小半径曲线地铁隧道施工技术,是一种现代化的隧道施工技术,能够有效提升隧道施工的效率和质量,提高施工过程中硬岩掘进机的使用效果。介绍了双护盾TBM小半径曲线地铁隧道施工技术的主要内容,并分析施工过程中的技术难点。从目前的施工状况,分析该技术在应用的过程中存在的一些问题。针对这些问题,从技术发展的角度,分析双护盾TBM小半径曲线地铁隧道施工技术的改进方向。     

浅谈双护盾TBM始发施工技术

为了解决城市轨道交通工程中双护盾TBM由于始发不当造成TBM卡机、栽头甚至设备损坏的问题,本文介绍了双护盾TBM在不同的施工条件下始发时所采取的施工技术工艺,分析了其各自适用条件和优缺点,提出了利用双护盾TBM自身特点,针对不同始发条件采取不同的启动模式始发的观点,得出了双护盾TBM在有始发洞条件和无始发洞条件下分别采取相应施工工艺以达到安全、稳定、快速始发的目的的结论。     

城市地铁双护盾TBM工法隧道衬砌结构受力特征研究

以深圳市城市轨道交通8号线一期梧沙区间隧道为依托工程,对“双护盾TBM工法隧道”施工期间管片衬砌外部压力和结构内力开展了现场跟踪测试,总结归纳出“双护盾TBM工法隧道”管片衬砌外部压力和结构内力在施工期内的时变演化规律。研究结果表明：隧道施工期间,管片外侧压力共经历四个发展阶段,注浆压力对管片内力变化影响较大,管片设计应考虑注浆压力的影响,同时应注意TBM施工时的注浆量控制。对于深埋TBM隧道,结构内力与隧道埋设深度不具有明显的对应关系,但随着结构上部围岩风化程度增加,隧道上方垂直荷载对管片结构内力影响加大。研究成果可为城市地铁双护盾TBM施工结构受力分析提供依据。     

敞开式TBM步进过站技术研究

敞开式TBM在地铁区间施工中存在一个棘手的问题:过站,由于敞开式TBM是首次在城区环境下使用,没有成熟的过站方式可供借鉴,为了解决敞开式TBM施工地铁隧道过程中过站的难题,在TBM掘进机步进技术的基础上,开发了敞开式TBM步进过站技术,并在重庆地铁六号线得到了实际的验证,从实际施工的效果来看,敞开式TBM步进过站技术成功的解决了TBM过站难题,有效的规避了过站的风险,总体来看,敞开式TBM步进过站技术有很好的推广前景。     

双护盾TBM施工隧洞岩爆特征微震监测研究

为了研究深埋隧洞在双护盾TBM施工环境下的岩爆特征,以某公路隧道为例对微震监测成果进行了统计整理,并在此基础上分析了微震事件与掌子面位置、岩体完整性以及隧洞埋深等之间的相关关系,获取了该工程岩爆事件发生的规律。成果表明,在隧洞采用双护盾TBM开挖过程中岩爆事件并非主要集中在掌子面附近,岩爆存在一定的延迟性和超前性,岩爆发生与开挖过程的时间效应及距离范围存在一定规律。同时,岩爆的能量等级和发生频次与岩体结构及隧道埋深也存在关联性。深埋隧洞在双护盾TBM施工环境下的岩爆规律的研究对类似工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

双护盾TBM的技术特点及工程应用

阐述了双护盾TBM的技术特点及地质适应范围,分析了其施工的优缺点,同时对其在引水工程、跨海隧道,尤其是对长大铁路及客运专线隧道使用双护盾TBM施工的可行性进行了分析。     

高地应力区双护盾TBM隧道围岩性态即时判示分析

青藏高原及其东缘高山区的交通建设和能源开发,需要修建众多的深埋长大隧道,采用TBM掘进具有显著优势.依托西藏雅鲁藏布大峡谷DXL隧道双护盾TBM掘进施工,就隧址区工程地质环境、基于尾渣的围岩特征信息的即时获取方法以及围岩性态判别等进行了研究.结果表明:(1)高地应力环境下,隧址区裂隙性硬质围岩微细观破裂,造成宏观大变形...     

双护盾TBM在深埋长大水工隧洞的应用可行性研究

随着我国水电建设逐步向高寒高海拔地区转移,机械化施工是必然趋势,TBM掘进已成为一种该地区隧道施工的重要方法。针对双护盾TBM在水工隧洞中的施工现状,提出设备改进方法,并对配套施工方法、结构设计进行论述,结果表明双护盾TBM在高原高海拔地区水工隧洞施工是可行的。     

应特别重视TBM及盾构机监控系统的作用

1概述全断面掘进机主要包括全断面岩石掘进机—TBM（图1）和盾构机（图2）,在国内水利、铁道、交通、地铁等工程建设中已被逐步推广应用,充分体现了TBM及盾构机在施工中发挥了＂快速、优质、 经济、安全、环保”的优点。近几年又有一条条宏伟隧洞、隧道工程采用TBM或盾构机施工．现今已陆续胜利贯通．如：武汉、南京、上海长江过江交通隧道．     

地铁隧道承压水地层盾构机选型配套及施工实践

随着城市交通事业的蓬勃发展,越来越多的城市陆续修建城市轨道交通项目,其中盾构机施工技术已经是在地质条件复杂的城市轨道隧道施工中的主要技术之一。如济南地区具有承压水作用的全断面风化石灰岩、闪长岩地层,对盾构机的选型配套以及施工措施的实施等方面,存在诸多施工难题。文章以济南地铁R2号线烈士陵园站～开源路站盾构隧道工程为依托,通过查阅地勘资料,并参考国内其他城市类似地层施工经验,就承压水地层盾构机选型配套、刀具配置、掘进参数确定等方面进行研究,获得了适应该地层施工的施工盾构选型和配套模式以及施工工艺参数,对类似工程具有极强的借鉴意义。     

城市轨道交通施工新技术

随着中国城市轨道交通的快速发展,轨道交通施工遇到许多新问题需要新技术进行解决。针对车站施工,探讨了轨道交通枢纽站施工综合技术、新型盖挖法施工技术和深层地基加固等新技术;针对区间隧道施工,探讨了复杂工况下盾构机始发接收技术、盾构切削障碍物辅助技术、盾构穿越运行中轨道交通的施工技术、国产地铁盾构设计制造技术和DOT双圆盾构施工技术。     

功效系数法在TBM选型定量化决策中的应用

针对TBM选型单指标决策的局限性和主观臆断的缺陷,引入功效系数法,实现影响TBM选型多个指标的综合决策和定量化。选取地质适应性、线网适应性、施工进度、设备造价、支护费用、洞室稳定性6个具有代表性评价指标,采用Delphi法确定各指标的权重系数,建立TBM选型功效系数法模型。运用所建模型对重庆市地铁6#线一期工程礼嘉站—平场站和平场站—黄茅坪站区间的TBM选型(开敞式TBM、单护盾式TBM、双护盾式TBM、复合式TBM)。研究结果表明:运用功效系数法进行TBM选型,实现了多指标的定量化决策,简单,准确,具有良好的工程应用价值。     

Effect of adverse geological condition on TBM operation in Ghomroud tunnel conveyance project

With the planned length of 36 km, Ghomroud tunnel is one of the longest tunnels under construction in central Iran. About half or 18 km of this tunnel was excavated by a double shield TBM. Several adverse geological conditions encountered, consisting of ground squeezing and face collapse, hindering TBM performance, and caused several TBM stoppages and jamming. This paper presents the impact of ground conditions on machine performance based on the information obtained from field observations and geotechnical site investigations. As built geological conditions are described while the method and results of tunnel convergence measurements and their impacts on tunneling operation is examined. Based on the detail study of the available geological information and tunnel convergence measurements, it was evident that the existence of weak structures in rock mass resulted in high rate of the convergence, which was the dominant factor in the TBM jamming. Since it was not possible to make observation and measurements of geological parameters when working in a lined tunnel built by a shielded machine, an attempt was made to correlate TBM operational parameters and ground convergence. The preliminary result of the analysis has indicated a good correlation among machine’s operational parameters and tunnel convergence. If the system is fully developed, these parameters can be used as an indicator of the potential for high rates of convergence. An early warning on ground convergence is essential for taking precautionary measures to avoid TBM from getting jammed by squeezing ground.     

盾构隧道下穿立交桩基托换方案设计

随着城市轨道交通的快速发展,地铁隧道下穿地下空间所遇到的问题愈加频繁,需要根据城市实际情况确定设计与施工方案。以郑州市轨道交通盾构隧道穿越立交桥进行桩基托换为研究对象,结合广州、深圳和香港地区桩基托换工程经验和现有技术水平,详述了盾构隧道穿越桥梁进行桩基托换的设计难点和重点。本方案具有技术成熟、安全性高、对环境影响小、不影响交通等优点,对在复杂环境下进行桩基托换的施工和设计具有重要的参考价值和良好的社会与经济效益。     

Geotechnical risk assessment based approach for rock TBM selection in difficult ground conditions

There are many potential sources of geotechnical risk in mechanized rock tunnelling. Problems such as encountering fault zones with running and water bearing gouge, tunnel walls instabilities in running or blocky grounds, hard and abrasive rock sections and convergent tunnel sections are principal causes in geotechnical risk occurrence. On the other hand, the performance of each TBM encountering such conditions will be different. Therefore, using different TBMs will have variable risk levels. This paper is to discuss rock TBM selection based on geotechnical risk minimization. So, a new approach was proposed based on decision analysis using decision tree. Based on the newly proposed approach, the most appropriate TBM is one that has the minimum risk level either before or after hazards mitigation measures. To be able to check the performance of this approach in practice, selection of machine for Nosoud water transfer tunnel has been evaluated. A shielded TBM (either single or double shield one) was proposed for the tunnel based on the newly proposed method. However, a double shield TBM was selected because of its more flexibility in difficult ground conditions in comparison with single shield TBM and limitation of project construction duration. The machine performance during tunnelling period verifies the success of excavation using selected TBM.     

盾构空推过矿山法隧道施工技术及质量控制

盾构法施工作为一种安全高效的隧道施工方法,在我国城市轨道交通建设中发挥着积极作用。然而一个区间往往出现局部的硬岩段,盾构掘进困难、刀具磨损大、施工进度缓慢等。当硬岩掘进达到一定长度时,通常采取“盾构法”+“矿山法”复合施工方法。该工法虽能提高施工速度,降低施工风险,但也会造成诸多问题。本文根据武汉某地铁区间施工的实际情况,介绍了盾构在中风化泥岩地层中空推过矿山法隧道施工中,盾构到达、盾构推进和盾构接收阶段的关键技术和质量控制措施,取得了良好的工程效果,为类似工程提供有益参考。     

深部高应力隧道TBM护盾长度和推力计算方法研究

岩石隧道掘进机(TBM)法开挖长隧道是一种安全、快速、有效的隧道开挖方法,但TBM复杂高应力隧道掘进时易发生卡机事故,因此,TBM在设计之初应尽可能考虑地质环境的影响,降低TBM的卡机风险。通过分析高应力常规地层和高应力软弱破碎地层对TBM的影响,提出了高应力常规地层和高应力软弱破碎地层TBM卡机的两个判据。根据两个判据提出了考虑围岩力学参数的高应力隧道TBM护盾长度设计和推力设计理论计算方法,并给出了参数选取依据。最后依据西南地区某高应力隧道的实际围岩地质参数,计算分析了现有TBM设计的合理性。本研究可为TBM的盾体长度和推力设计计算提供围岩力学参数依据。     

Correlation of tunnel convergence with TBM operational parameters and chip size in the Ghomroud tunnel, Iran

Evaluating the impact of rock mass properties on a tunneling operation is crucial, especially when using a tunnel boring machine (TBM). It is an integral part of machine selection and performance prediction in the design and bidding stage. Monitoring and analysis of ground conditions during the construction is also essential to allow the operator to take precautionary measures in adverse geological conditions. This involves adjusting TBM operational parameters such as machine thrust and penetration to avoid potential problems caused by face collapse or excessive convergence and subsequent machine seizure that can cause long delays. Tunnel wall convergence is a function of rock mass characteristics, in situ stresses, size of excavation, and rate of penetration (ROP). It is one of the main factors in determining the use of shielded machines in deep rock tunnel projects. The case study of the Ghomroud water conveyance tunnel project, under construction by a double shield TBM, is used to examine the effect of rock mass parameters on tunnel convergence and hence on the need for over excavation and shield lubrication to avoid problems such as shield seizure. Results of a preliminary analysis of field observations show that the amount of the tunnel convergence can have a direct relationship with the percentage of powder and large rock fragments in the muck. In addition, tunnel convergence has shown a strong relationship with the TBM thrust/torque and rate of penetration (ROP). These relationships have been examined and the results of the analysis as well as the resulting formulas will be explained in this paper.     

TBM施工中管片接缝错台控制措施初探

结合新疆大阪隧洞工程施工实例,对采用"全断面双护盾硬岩掘进机(简称TBM)"施工的隧洞,如何控制管片的错台进行了探讨并提出了有效措施,以期对其它采用TBM施工的工程在设计、施工方面提供借鉴,从而达到提高我国TBM施工质量的目的.