KBSDT:一个知识系统开发工具

在详细分析了国际上流行的２０多个知识系统开发工具的基础上,讨论了如何设计一个知识系统开发工具—ＫＢＳＤＴ,讨论了其设计方法和准则,讲了ＫＢＳＤＴ的总体设计与实现。除此还计划将反推理机部分的工作深入,利用自然语言理解的成果开发一个高级智能接口。     

服务接口测试自动化工具的研究

在面向服务的架构中,软件功能通常被封装为服务,并以开放可编程接口的方式提供应用.因此,服务接口的正确性和可靠性对于服务理解、重用和集成至关重要.随着软件即服务的思想被广为认可,互联网上越来越多的软件应用以服务接口方式提供开放式访问.面对众多的服务接口,如何进行高效且有效的测试是一个亟待解决的问题.为此,提出了一种基于模型驱动的自动化测试方法,首先采用接口语义契约模型对被测服务接口建模,然后基于接口模型和测试覆盖率需求为单个服务和组合服务生成测试数据和测试用例.在此基础上,设计并实现了AutoTest自动化测试工具,该工具采用多种算法用于优化测试用例生成,且支持图形化测试计划编排和跨语言测试代码生成.实验结果表明,AutoTest能够有效支持大批量测试用例的设计和生成,根据OED(正交实验设计)算法生成的测试用例与IPO组合算法得到的用例相比,具有更为理想的测试覆盖率.     

Building a Tool for Battle Planning: Challenges,Tradeoffs, and Experimental Findings

Use of knowledge-based decision aids can help alleviate the challenges of planning complex operations. We describe a knowledge-based tool capable of translating a high-level concept for a tactical military operation into a fully detailed, actionable plan, producing automatically (or with human guidance) plans with realistic degree of detail and complexity. Tight interleaving of planning, adversary estimates, scheduling, routing, attrition and consumption processes comprise the computational approach of this tool. Although originally developed for Army large-unit operations, the technology is generic and also applies to a number of other domains, particularly in critical situations requiring detailed planning within a constrained period of time. In this paper, we focus particularly on the engineering tradeoffs in the design of the tool. An experimental comparative evaluation indicated that the tool's performance compared favorably with human planners. Alexander Kott is a Program Manager at Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). While performing the research described in this paper, he was the Director of R&D at Carnegie Group, Inc., and a Technical Director at BBN Technologies in Pittsburgh, PA. His work included development of algorithms and decision aids for dealing with dynamic planning and scheduling in constrained, uncertain and adversarial environments, and research in dynamic distributed decision-making systems, such as in military command and control. He earned his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh where he explored the use AI techniques for innovative design of systems. He can be reached at DARPA, 3701 N Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA, 22203. Raymond Budd is a member of the technical staff at BBN Technologies. His areas of interest include knowledge representations, knowledge engineering, and planning and scheduling. He received a BS in computer science from the University of Pittsburgh. Contact him at BBN Technologies 1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 400, Arlington, VA 22209. Larry Ground is a senior analyst with Green River Associates, Inc. His research interests include development of tools for analysis and decision support of Army maneuver and logistics planning. Retired from the US Army as a Lieutenant Colonel, he served in a variety of command and staff positions and taught at the US Army Command and General Staff College. He is a Certified Professional Logistician by the International Society of Logistics. Contact him at Green River Associates, Inc., Fredericksburg, VA. Lakshmi Rebbapragada is a senior computer engineer at US Army CECOM Research, Development and Engineering Center (RDEC). Her research interests include application of advanced technologies to tactical planning, execution-based replanning, VA Standards for Ontology based Knowledge sharing re-use, and Network Centric Infrastructure for Command and Control. She is a member of the IEEE Standard Upper Ontology (SUO) Working Group. She has a Ph.D in High Energy Physics from Bristol University U.K. She can be contacted at PM UA NSI Battle Command, Bldg. 2405, Ft. Monmouth, NJ 07703. John Langston is a senior analyst with Austin Information Systems. He served in a variety of command and staff positions in the US Army, including extensive combat experience in the Republic of Vietnam. Retired as a Lieutenant Colonel, he is widely recognized for his extensive research and knowledge in the areas of military leadership and decision making and has contributed significantly to the development of automated battle planning tools. Contact him at Austin Information Systems, Whispering Woods Cove, Parkville, MO 64152.     

智能型计算机网络考试评价系统开发工具

介绍了智能型计算机考试评价系统开发工具AUTO-KP的结构和功能。AUTO-KP特别适合于演绎类课程考评系统的开发,能完成考试工作的组卷、考试、阅卷、评讲和总结等全过程。     

QoSPlan: A Measurement Based Quality of Service aware Network Planning Framework

In this article we present QoSPlan—a measurement based framework for preparing information relevant to Quality of Service (QoS)-aware IP network planning, which aims at reducing a core operational expenditure for the network operator. QoSPlan is designed to reduce the cost of deployment and maintenance of network monitoring systems. The process involves analysis of pre-existing accounting data to estimate a network-wide traffic matrix. Part of this estimation process relates to the generalization of QoS-related effective bandwidth coefficients taken from traffic analyzed on the network. We offer recommendations on how to appropriately realize QoSPlan to maximize its accuracy and effectiveness when applied to different network traffic scenarios. This is achieved through a thorough sensitivity analysis of the methods proposed using real traffic scenarios and indicative network topologies. We also provide an economic analysis of the deployment and maintenance costs associated with QoSPlan in comparison to a direct measurement approach, demonstrating cost savings of up to 60 % given different topology sizes.     

一个网络环境下的CAI课件制作工具模型及其实现

分析网络环境下ＣＡＩ课件的特点,探讨一个基于网络环境下ＣＡＩ课件制作工具模型,介绍在此模型之上作者实现的制作工具系统的功能与性能。     

一个情感驱动的3D虚拟角色行为动画创作工具

情感作为人类具有智能的一个重要体现,是创建丰富细腻的虚拟智能体的不可或缺的环节。本文结合认知对情感的影响,提出一个改进的情感建模方法和一种新的行为建模方法,设计具体的情感情境,并通过行为树的行为组织形式对虚拟环境中的行为进行管理,以产生具体、真实的虚拟角色情感行为。提出＂个性-情感-情绪＂的三层情感层次结构,并最后完成了一个实验系统。实验结果证明,该情感模型和行为组织模型能有效地反映虚拟角色在虚拟环境中的智能情感行为。     

Data-Based Models for the Prediction of Dam Behaviour: A Review and Some Methodological Considerations

Predictive models are an important element in dam safety analysis. They provide an estimate of the dam response faced with a given load combination, which can be compared with the actual measurements to draw conclusions about dam safety. In addition to numerical finite element models, statistical models based on monitoring data have been used for decades for this purpose. In particular, the hydrostatic-season-time method is fully implemented in engineering practice, although some limitations have been pointed out. In other fields of science, powerful tools such as neural networks and support vector machines have been developed, which make use of observed data for interpreting complex systems. This paper contains a review of statistical and machine-learning data-based predictive models, which have been applied to dam safety analysis. Some aspects to take into account when developing analysis of this kind, such as the selection of the input variables, its division into training and validation sets, and the error analysis, are discussed. Most of the papers reviewed deal with one specific output variable of a given dam typology and the majority also lack enough validation data. As a consequence, although results are promising, there is a need for further validation and assessment of generalisation capability. Future research should also focus on the development of criteria for data pre-processing and model application.     

A Constructive Technology Assessment Approach to ICT Planning in Developing Countries: Evaluating the First Phase,the Roundtable Workshop

Information and communication technology (ICT) might play an important role in development. There are many failed implementations as there is limited knowledge of how to apply ICT in a development context. The Roundtable (RT) workshop is a participatory approach based on constructive technology assessment. This paper develops an evaluative framework to assess the effectiveness of the RT workshop. It is an interpretive study based on quantitative and qualitative data from case studies. It is a rare and detailed study on the process and output of a participatory exercise. It shows that the RT workshop is a useful and robust methodology to integrate ICTs in priority areas of sector development like agriculture, education, health, etc. Empowerment, reflexive learning, and networking are key elements to generate owned up ICT projects that are moulded to local needs. In a cross-case analysis relevant contextual factors are identified.     

CancerSPACE: An Interactive E‐learning Tool Aimed to Improve Cancer Screening Rates

Aimed to Improve Cancer Screening Rates. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States today. Due to advances in new medical technology, screening devices for many cancers including breast, cervical, and colon cancers, are drastically reducing mortality rates. These technologies are able to detect cancer early, allowing for earlier treatment and a better survival rate. Unfortunately, many people, especially those in low socioeconomic groups, those without health insurance, and minority groups have very low cancer screening rates. As a result of not being screened, these populations face higher rates of cancer. One way to improve cancer screening rates in low income and minority populations is to target the healthcare staff which works with them. CancerSPACE (Simulated Practice and Collaborative Education) is aimed to improve cancer screening education among healthcare professionals in a virtual, interactive, easy to use online simulation presented in a game format. Simulated education, such as this, can be used on an individual basis at times and locations which are convenient for staff members. It also helps the user to retain information, stay engaged with the task at hand, and learn how to apply the information presented into a real clinical environment.     

一个结构良好的规格说明工具：抽象逻辑结构图

提出了一种新的图形化规格说明工具－－抽象逻辑结构图ＡＬＳＤ，给出了它的形式化定义和图形表示方法。抽象逻辑结构图是一种图形和正文相结合的简单树形图式，它可以用于加工逻辑、数据结构、判定树等的描述与表示。     

基于规划图的主动服务组合需求模型

在主动服务环境中,Web服务通过发挥智能Agent实体的主动特性,来搜索和发现环境中可参与的服务请求,并最终形成一种需求驱动的"磁石效应"现象。针对这种特定的自主Web服务环境,以环境本体作为基础描述背景,借鉴图规划算法的相关理论,提出了一种基于规划图的组合服务需求模型。在功能层面上,从服务需求的各个可行的逻辑实现方式角度来考虑,定义了组合模式的概念,并给出了相应的组合模式提取算法。最后通过一个经典的旅游安排案例验证了以上理论研究的可行性。     

广泛开展社会服务 提高团队“双师”素质

高职院校"双师型"专业教学团队的打造,教师队伍"双师"素质的提高在高职院校高速发展的今天尤为重要,如何提高教师团队的"双师"素质?笔者结合近几年专业建设的实践认为鼓励教师广泛开展社会服务,对提高教师的专业技能、提高教师的教育教学能力、提高教师的服务意识等都有一定的促进作用。     

VoiceGrip: A Tool for Programming-by-Voice

In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of computer programmers suffering from Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI)—an umbrella term covering a series of musculoskeletal disorders caused by repetitive motion of the hands and arms. For those individuals, or any programmer with a handicap that precludes keyboard and/or mouse input, Speech Recognition (SR) is an attractive alternative because it could allow them to do their work without using such devices. Unfortunately, programming-by-voice with current SR systems is awkward because programming languages are not meant to be spoken. In this paper we describe various usability problems with programming-by-voice and show that none of the existing programming-by-voice tools address all of those barriers. We then present VoiceGrip, a programming-by-voice tool that adresses the widest range of programming-by-voice problems to date. VoiceGrip uses a unique approach where programmers first dictate code using an easy to utter pseudo-syntax, and then translate that automatically to native code in the appropriate programming language. The system has been downloaded by 343 individuals, and postings on a neutral programming-by-voice mailing list indicate that it is being used by at least some of them. We also present an experiment evaluating the performance of the system's symbol translation algorithm. In this experiment, the system exhibited low error rates in the range of 2.7% when confusion between homophonic symbols (i.e. symbols that have the same spoken pseudo code form) was ignored and 6.6% when confusion between homophonic symbols was taken into account. Finally, even though VoiceGrip is the tool that currently addresses the widest range of programming-by-voice problems, we conclude that a better tool can be developed by combining features of VoiceGrip with features of other existing programming-by-voice tools.     

CRITON: A Hypermedia Design Tool

The WWW has turned into a development and run-time environment for large-scale and complex applications. Such sophisticated applications are being deployed in increasing numbers without having been developed according to appropriate methodologies, tools and quality standards. The reason is not only that the hypermedia industry resists to utilize formal methods, but also that these methods and corresponding tools are very few and of dubious standards. The consequence is that the hypermedia applications being developed are of poor functionality and lack qualities such as modifiability, usability and maintainability. Especially the design phase is one of the phases that lack sufficient support from methods and CASE tools. This paper presents CRITON, a cross platform tool, built to support a hypermedia design method within an integrated environment. CRITON manages all three aspects of hypermedia design: conceptual design, navigational design and graphical user interface design, utilizing well-established theories and practices from software as well as hypermedia engineering. It employs these designs to generate a preliminary, exemplary form of the hypermedia application for the purpose of assessing the designs before the implementation phase.     

一种面向狭小、拥挤情景的服务机器人运动规划方法

针对多维度服务情景中狭小、拥挤的一类情景,设计了一种能够兼顾移动机器人的移动效率和机器人在移动过程中对周围人的舒适感受所造成的影响的运动规划方法.该方法通过紧张空间来刻画人的舒适需求,然后通过人的紧张空间在机器人运动的影响下所产生的形变程度对机器人的运动与人的舒适感受之间的关系进行建模,进而以机器人的移动效率和人的舒适感受为优化目标实现运动规划.最后,通过仿真研究验证了本文方法的有效性,进而通过狭小、拥挤服务情景的研究体现了基于多维度服务情景的服务机器人研究框架的适用性.