Assurance of the Uniformity of Measurements of the Power of Laser Radiation

On the basis of an analysis of the principle underlying the construction of standards and systems designed for reproduction of the unit of mean power and energy of laser radiation, it is shown that these standards consist of unified subsystems that carry the principal metrological load. By means of such a division, it is possible to realize a systems-engineering synthesis of standards with preassigned error. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 20–23, November, 2005.     

A Calibration and Quality Assurance Program for Environmental Radon Measurements

The ideal facility for assessing the quality of radon measurements at environmental levels consists of: (1) an instrument whose response to radon and its progeny is determined from measurements of a certified or standard ²²⁶Ra source, and (2) a calibration room with a known radon concentration.The linkage between these two elements and additional quality control requirements are discussed here for some Environmental Measurements Laboratory radon measurements programs.     

Computerized Primary Standard Equipments for Metrological Support to Energy Resource Meters

Metrological support is considered for working means of measuring variable pressure differences, flow rates, and volumes of liquid and gases in commercial energy resource meters. A set of computerized standard equipments has been set up for testing, calibrating, and checking differential pressure sensors as well as gas and water meters.     

Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements of Spatial-Energy Characteristics of Pulsed Laser Radiation

Measurement Techniques - The structure and principle of creation of a standard for the spatial-power characteristics of pulsed laser radiation are examined, and problems solved with its aid are...     

Measurement Transducer – Digital Voltmeter System for Measuring the Energy of Laser Pulses

The results are given of theoretical investigations and of a simulation modeling of the process of measuring the energy of short-pulse laser radiation. The grounds are given for choosing the principal parameters of the measurement transducers depending on the probability density distribution function of the values of the output signal. Comparative values are given of the relative standard deviation in accordance with a proposed mathematical model and with experimental data obtained using a working standard of the unit of energy created at the All-Russia Scientific-Research Institute of Optophysical Measurements.     

Conceptual Foundations for the Assurance of the Uniformity of Measurements and for Increasing the Precision of Measurements in Modern Objective Photometry

The foundations of modern objective photometry (optical measurements) are considered. Possible directions for improving the system of assuring the uniformity of optical measurements through increasing the precision of engineering and reference measurements are analyzed. Four conceptual conclusions that determine the trends of past and future metrological investigations in the field of objective photometry are formulated.     

Sources of Error in UV Radiation Measurements

Increasing commercial, scientific, and technical applications involving ultraviolet (UV) radiation have led to the demand for improved understanding of the performance of instrumentation used to measure this radiation. There has been an effort by manufacturers of UV measuring devices (meters) to produce simple, optically filtered sensor systems to accomplish the varied measurement needs. We address common sources of measurement errors using these meters. The uncertainty in the calibration of the instrument depends on the response of the UV meter to the spectrum of the sources used and its similarity to the spectrum of the quantity to be measured. In addition, large errors can occur due to out-of-band, non-linear, and non-ideal geometric or spatial response of the UV meters. Finally, in many applications, how well the response of the UV meter approximates the presumed action spectrum needs to be understood for optimal use of the meters.     

Contemporary State of Providing Uniformity of Luminous Quantity Measurements

The article is devoted to the state primary standard of the luminous intensity unit (candela) and luminous flux unit (lumen) of continuous and pulsed radiation GET 5-03 created at VNIIOFI and also the contemporary state of providing uniformity of light quantity measurements based on a new edition of the state verification scheme GOST 8.023-2003. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 34–37, November, 2005.     

6～70keV同步辐射X射线能量标定

为建立高注量率同步辐射X射线计量领域相关的国家标准,对同步辐射X射线能量标定方法进行研究。在北京同步辐射装置上选择6、10和20keV三个能量点进行实验,得到的传递探测器校准因子与辐射能量的关系曲线近似直线,变化趋势呈线性递减;在20keV能量点,不同直径光阑条件下进行的标定实验验证了传递探测器的校准因子与光源照射到基准电离室与传递探测器的光子通量有关。在上海光源上进行10～70keV能量标定实验,得到传递探测器的校准因子拟合曲线;10～20keV能量段的变化趋势与在北京同步辐射装置得到的校准因子变化趋势一致,30～70keV能量段的校准因子随着能量的增加而平稳缓慢增大。对各个能量点标定产生的A类不确定度进行评定,为后续建立国家计量标准同步辐射X射线空气比释动能量值传递体系提供了技术数据。     

低能X射线标准辐射场下背散射因子的测量与研究

在40 ～60 kV的治疗水平辐射质下,对背散射因子进行了测量实验研究.所测得的背散射因子可用于相同条件下的水吸收剂量的计算.实验结果显示,在不同模体厚度下,随着模体厚度的增加,测量点处的背散射因子呈现先增大后稳定的趋势;在不同辐射野下,随着辐射野面积的增大,测量点处的背散射因子呈现增大的趋势.     

Assurance of Uniformity of Measurements of Superhigh Frequency Attenuation Based on Circular Comparisons of Heterodyne Instruments

The need for the development and application of standards documents for performing circular comparisons of equipment for the measurement of attenuation is considered. Requirements for the selection of a reference measure and data on the experimental investigation of a circular comparison circuit and control measure are presented.     

Unified Measurements of Quantities Characterizing Incoherent Optical Radiation

A suite of state primary standards is described for the units of optical radiation consisting of precision standard sources, detectors, and other opticoelectronic devices developed at VNIIOFI in the period 1982–2002. Results are given from international comparisons and the use of standard facilities and calibration units for metrological support to space research and remote Earth sensing. __________ Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 11, pp. 12–16, November, 2005.     

Influence of a Jump in the Power of Laser Radiation on Its Measurement

Simulation and investigation of the effect of an isolated jump on realization of the unit of power of laser radiation and dissemination of the size of the unit are considered. Results are obtained by means of a newly developed algorithm that characterizes the behavior of the mean value of a signal and the standard deviation of a system as functions of the parameters of a jump in the power of laser radiation and the length and amplitude of the jump. If information concerning the time when a jump occurs is available, the proposed algorithm makes it possible to take into account how a jump affects the ultimate result of a measurement.     

氡浓度标准装置的质量控制及保证

介绍氡浓度标准装置的系统结构、技术指标,分析影响质量控制的因素及解决办法,经试验验证该装置在日常工作中能得到有效的质量控制和保证.     

Assurance of Uniformity of Measurements of Radiant Flux and Irradiance in the Range of Wavelengths 0.03–0.40 µm

A state primary standard of the units of radiation flux and irradiance in the range of wavelengths 0.03– 0.40 µm and working standards of continuous and pulse ultraviolet radiation are developed.__________Translated from Izmeritel’naya Tekhnika, No. 5, pp. 27–31, May, 2005.