高层建筑地震反应的TLD振动控制

利用调谐液体阻尼器(Tuned Liquid Damper,TLD)对高层建筑地震反应进行振动控制研究.根据Fujino等提出的矩形TLD减振基本原理,建立了TLD中液体动水压力的控制方程,并采用有限差分法对矩形浅水TLD液体动水压力进行数值模拟,然后根据1栋91.0 m的高层建筑实际情况提出几种TLD设计方案,分别对其进行TLD-结构地震作用下的动力分析,比较几种方案的减振效果,确定最佳方案及具体的结构振动控制设计.结果表明,TLD系统对高层建筑地震作用下的加速度反应和位移反应均具有比较好的控制效果.     

高耸钢烟囱环形TLD减振试验与数值模拟

针对高耸钢烟囱环形调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)的减振试验及其数值模拟开展研究。根据高耸钢烟囱模型结构,设计制作了环形TLD试验模型,确定了试验加载和测点布置方案。建立了环形TLD力学模型,并推导了高耸结构环形TLD减振控制的动力分析模型,据此编制了高耸结构环形TLD减振的分析程序。分别开展了模型结构设置纯水环形TLD、附加金属栅格环形TLD和附加泡沫颗粒环形TLD的减振试验,并进行了数值模拟对比分析。研究表明:所编制的程序能够模拟模型结构设置环形TLD减振结构体系的动力响应;当环形TLD调谐频率比为0.9时,减振体系阻尼比超过0.04,减振效果最佳;附加金属栅格或泡沫颗粒,能够提高环形TLD中液体阻尼,耗散振动能量,但随着液体运动受限增加,减振效果有所下降。研究为高耸钢结构环形TLD减振的设计和应用提供了相关数据。     

内置立柱对矩形TLD固有频率的影响分析

为研究矩形调谐液体阻尼器(Tuned Li qui d Damper, TLD)系统,在底部水平正弦激励作用下,内置立柱对其固有频率的影响,本文基于有限体积法,采用计算流体动力学(Comput at i onal Fl ui d Dynami cs, CFD)方法建立了内置立柱的矩形TLD数值仿真计算模型,并对设置内置立柱的三维矩形TLD水箱的液体晃动进行了分析。利用已有类似试验的测试数据,验证了该数值仿真计算模型的正确性。通过研究发现:内置立柱会导致TLD固有频率发生变化。在外激励频率接近固有频率时,TLD会出现共振现象,侧壁波高和水平控制力会在达到最大值,此时减振效果最优。     

调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)附加阻尼力的量测

设计一种可以直接测量调谐液体阻尼器的附加阻尼力的实验系统.该系统采用半仿真半实物相结合的方法;结构模型的响应计算在计算机中实现,此部分为数值仿真部分.响应结果输入到由计算机控制的液压作动器,而作动器连接到用于模拟海洋平台甲板振动的移动台,移动台台面上放置TLD实物装置,此部分为实物部分.安装于作动器与振动台之间的力传感器可以测量到液体晃动对结构产生的反作用力.测试在简谐激励下TLD的附加阻尼力,并将测试结果与理论计算值进行比较,验证该系统的有效性.     

调谐液体阻尼器多模态减震实用优化设计方法

对调谐液体阻尼器用于结构地震响应的多模态控制优化设计方法进行分析,并针对优化过程中计算繁杂的问题,以多自由度结构模态叠加思想为基础,提出适用于工程应用的优化求解实用简化方法。通过数值算例,对简化方法所得到的TLD减震效果与未简化结果之间的差异进行比较,验证简化方法的合理性及工程适用性。     

矩形TLD在结构振动控制中的性能试验研究

介绍了矩形浅水TLD的减振机理和工程应用。通过4层钢架在简谐荷载作用下的试验研究,比较了该钢架在受控前和受控后的位移、加速度反应,表明TLD对结构低频振型具有比较好的减振作用。     

内置挡板调谐液体阻尼器对高层结构的地震反应控制研究

提出一种新型调谐液体阻尼器--内置横向挡板的调谐液体阻尼器(TLDEB).通过在普通调谐液体阻尼器(TLD)装置中设置横向挡板,使液体绕流时产生附加阻尼来增强其耗能作用,以改善TLD对高层建筑的减振效果.结合经典势流理论以及能量耗散原理推导了TLDEB的等效位移、附加阻尼比,并对其进行了等效线性化.以某实际高层建筑结构作为算例,通过对地面随机激励和地震波激励的数值仿真来验证TLDEB的减振效果.结果表明:TLDEB可有效地增大结构阻尼,具有比普通TLD更优良的减振控制效果.     

用多重TLD减小高层建筑地震反应的控制研究

对高层建筑地震反应进行了多重调频液体阻尼器(MTLDs)控制研究;对高层建筑结构一、二、三主振型反应施加控制,分析了对结构第一、二、三阶主振型分别设置多重TLD体系对减振效果的影响：采用不同的TLD布置方案,得出不同的布置方案对减振效果的影响。     

附加阻尼网的斜底式TLD减震控制理论与试验研究

为解决传统调谐液体阻尼器(tuned liquid damper, TLD)中有效阻尼偏小、用水量偏大等问题,提出一种附加阻尼网的斜底式水箱调谐液体阻尼器(damping net and sloped-bottom tuned liquid damper, DNS-TLD),将水箱底面倾斜的TLD与阻尼网有机结合,强化水箱内液体晃动,可提供更大附加阻尼比并降低用水量。建立了附加DNS-TLD结构的力学模型,阐述其减震机制,提出了一种简便估算DNS-TLD总等效阻尼比的方法。通过单层钢框架振动台试验,对比分析了附加DNS-TLD及其他不同类型TLD的减震性能。将试验结果与数值模拟结果进行比较,进一步验证减震规律以及各类TLD总等效阻尼比估算方法的准确性。在此基础上,对附加DNS-TLD的10层钢筋混凝土框架结构进行地震作用下的动力时程分析,验证DNS-TLD对实际结构减震控制的有效性。振动台试验与数值模拟结果均表明,DNS-TLD有效结合了斜底式水箱TLD与阻尼网的优点,表现出更优的阻尼性能,相比于其他类型的TLD,其减震效率更高,鲁棒性和工程适用性更强。     

PTRMD在多自由度结构中的减振性能及鲁棒性

将一种带碰撞的滚动型调谐质量阻尼器（PTRMD）应用于多自由度结构中,对其在多自由度结构体系中的减振性能及阻尼器频率失谐时的鲁棒性进行研究。通过拉格朗日方程推导得到分段运动方程,然后推广到多自由度结构中,建立了设有该装置的多自由度受控系统的动力方程,并利用数值方法求解。把PTRMD安装到6层结构中,对其在自由振动和强迫振动时的控制效果进行探讨,并与无碰撞的滚动型调谐质量阻尼器（TRMD）进行了比较,同时对它们在阻尼器频率偏离最优频率时的鲁棒性进行了分析。结果表明:在多自由度结构中安装PTRMD能有效减小结构的动力反应,得到满意的减振效果;相比TRMD,PTRMD具有减振性能好、控制频带宽、适用性强、受阻尼器频率变化的影响不大等优点,具有更广大的应用前景。     

TLD对珠海金山大厦主楼风振控制的设计

本文介绍了矩形浅水ＴＬＤ对珠海金山大厦主楼风振控制的设计。文中根据Ｆｕｊｉｎｏ等提出的矩形浅液ＴＬＤ制振的基本原理建立了ＴＬＤ对高柔结构风振控制的设计方法。并通过对控制力理论效果与试验结果的比较及人造脉动风样本的检验，证明本文方法是确实可行的。据此方法对金山大厦主楼风振控制的设计计算表明，浅水ＴＬＤ对高柔结构风振加速度的控制是十分有效的，它使金山大厦主楼满足了舒适度的抗风设计要求。     

Numerical studies on the application of tuned liquid dampers with screens to control seismic response of structures

Tuned liquid damper (TLD) systems are nowadays increasingly being used as one of the economical and effective passive vibration absorbers. A TLD system consists of a water tank having the fundamental sloshing fluid frequency tuned to the frequency near to the natural frequency of structure. This research focuses on modelling tall buildings equipped with TLDs having inside screens subjected to strong ground motions. Strong excitation can cause wave‐breaking phenomenon and makes turbulent in shallow rectangular tanks which could also contribute to the additional damping due to TLDs. On the other hand, wire screens placed inside a liquid tank can play an important role in reducing the structural response due to increasing the inherent damping of the structure. Based on equalizing dissipated energies, a TLD equipped with internal screens can be modelled by equivalent amplitude‐dependent tuned mass damper (TMD). In this study, adopting this simple method, equations of motion for shear‐type buildings equipped with nonlinear amplitude‐dependent TMDs were developed. A complex modal analysis procedure was used to solve the governing equations. Coupling of TMD properties and structural response was solved with iteration on structural response and updating TMD properties. Performing a set of parametric studies on three proposed tall structures equipped with TLD subjected to different ground excitations showed that if the TLD is tuned to a frequency close to the natural frequency of the structure considering hardening behaviour of TLD, it could significantly reduce the seismic response (displacements and base shears) of the structures. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地震作用下高层建筑TLD控制优化设计

对地震作用下高层建筑TLD控制优化设计方法进行了初步探讨.分析了TLD系统对高层建筑振型控制的机理.利用数值迭代法给出了TLD最优参数设计表格,并分析了振型参与系数的影响,为TLD设计提供了参考.给出了地震作用下高层建筑TLD控制设计步骤和高层建筑TLD地震反应控制仿真分析算例.     

Earthquake vibration control of structures using hybrid mass liquid damper

A tuned liquid damper (TLD) is a passive vibration control device consisting of a rigid tank filled with water that relies on the sloshing of water inside it to dissipate energy. In a standard TLD configuration the TLD is connected rigidly to the top of the building structure. Earlier research has shown that the TLD is more effective when its base acceleration amplitude is larger, as it dissipates more energy through increased sloshing. This characteristic has been utilized to design this alternate TLD configuration. In this alternate TLD configuration, the TLD is rigidly attached to a secondary mass that is attached to the primary structure through a spring system. This alternate configuration is, thus, defined as a hybrid mass liquid damper (HMLD). For particular values of the secondary spring’s flexibility, the motion of the secondary structure is in phase with that of the primary structure and the TLD base is subjected to a large amplitude acceleration that increases its effectiveness. It should be noted that when the secondary spring is rigid, the alternate and standard TLD configurations are identical for very small values of the secondary mass. It is seen that, for a given structure with HMLD there exists an optimum value of the secondary spring’s stiffness for which the HMLD effectiveness is maximum. An optimally designed HMLD configuration is shown to be more effective as a control device than the standard TLD configuration for both harmonic and broad-band earthquake motions.     

TLD减小钢桥塔涡激振动的原理及应用研究

讨论了TLD（Tuned Liquid Damper）的减振机理，并用解析形式给出了TLD对结构控制的减振力，求出了TLD与结构相互作用时结构的位移响应，推导了结构安装TLD后结构的等效阻尼比，给出了结构的减振效率，验证了TLD减振效果非常好，可以保证桥塔建设过程中的施工安全。     

设置TLD钢结构高层建筑舒适度控制设计的实用方法

本文研究了ＴＬＤ－高层钢结构系统的风振舒适度控制设计方法,导出了受控结构的风振加速度设计计算公式,给出了受控结构脉动增大系数设计表格和控制设计步骤。算例表明,ＴＬＤ对结构风振加速度的控制是十分有效的。     

矩形TLD减振作用的定量分析方法

本文孤立分析了矩形ＴＬＤ在基底运动下内部液体的运动和对基底结构的作用，将所得ＴＬＤ对基底结构作用与基底运动的关系直接装配到结构动力平衡方程中求得结构系统在安装ＴＬＤ后在外力作用下的响应。通过以上分析，明确研究ＴＬＤ的减振作用有两条途径，即；１．文献通用的先求解ＴＬＤ内液体的运动，由运动求其对基底结构的作用；２．本文提出的直接测定ＴＬＤ对基底结构的作用。建立ＴＬＤ基底剪力关于基底位移的传递函数的阻尼系数参数的概念和获得的方法，并将阻尼系数定义为衡量ＴＬＤ减振作用性能的参数，以此分析了改善ＴＬＤ减振作用的可能途径和工程近似分析的方法和精度。     

Experimental investigation on dynamic characterization and seismic control performance of a TLPD system

The tuned liquid damper (TLD) and particle damper (PD) have been used as effective passive vibration absorbers to suppress undesirable structural vibrations induced by dynamic loads such as earthquake and strong winds. In this paper, through an integrated use of the TLD and PD, a new damper system named the tuned liquid particle damper (TLPD) was developed. The dynamic characteristics of TLPD in terms of tuning conditions and transfer functions were investigated through a series of shaking table tests. Nonlinear behaviors of TLPD in the frequency domain were discussed, and a preliminary framework was applied in the design of a five‐story steel frame building model using shaking table tests. Testing results confirmed the workability of the preliminary design framework as the primary structure is subjected to earthquake loadings. Performances of different TLPD‐structure systems were summarized from these testing programs. One of observations is that the TLPD system worked as a modified TLD in this study. The testing programs provide proof‐of‐concept results for this proposed vibration absorber.     

A hybrid structural control system using a tuned liquid damper to reduce the wind induced motion of a base isolated structure

This study investigates the use of a tuned liquid damper (TLD) as a cost effective method to reduce the wind induced vibrations of base isolated structures. The TLD is modelled as an equivalent linearized mechanical system in which the damping and natural frequency of the sloshing fluid are amplitude dependent quantities. The base isolated structure is represented using a modified form of the linearized Bouc-Wen model, which enables the behaviour of Stable Unbonded Fibre Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators (SU-FREIs) to be described. The TLD and base isolated structure are combined to form a system of coupled ordinary differential equations, the solution to which produces frequency response curves for the structure and TLD. A preliminary TLD design procedure is presented which allows the proper tank dimensions and damping screen properties to be established. The equivalent linearized mechanical model is validated using time simulations which account for the nonlinear behaviour of the structure and fluid. The models are found to be in excellent agreement. A TLD is found to be an effective means to control the wind induced vibration of a base isolated structure.     

TLD减震体系模型计算

简要介绍了TLD的减震机理和工程应用，并通过简化计算，比较结构在受控前和受控后的位移，加速度反应，得出TLD对结构的第一振型具有显著控制作用的结论。