Space-time constant modulus algorithm for multipath removal on the reference signal exploited by passive bistatic radar

The authors address the problem of multipath cancellation in the reference signal used in passive bistatic radar (PBR), which exploits an existing transmitter as emitter of opportunity. The presence of multipath echoes in the reference signal is demonstrated to strongly affect the detection performance of passive radar. Based on the well-known constant modulus algorithm (CMA) approach in the time-domain, new multi-dimensional techniques are considered for the adaptive equalisation of the reference signal based on an array of antennas and multiple receiving channels. The effectiveness of these techniques for PBR purposes is demonstrated with reference to typical simulated scenarios. The considered strategies, addressed as space-CMA and space-time-CMA, are shown to be able to recover the performance loss because of the multipath contribution in the reference signal so that they appear as very appealing solutions for PBR equipped with an array of antennas and multiple receiving channels.     

基于自适应波束形成和ICA的消噪系统

介绍了自适应宽带波束形成和快速独立分量分析的基本理论和算法,分析了固定波束形成的理论局限性及自适应宽带波束形成的优越性。提出了一种基于自适应波束形成和独立分量分析的消噪系统,算法显著地抑制了噪声、增强了语音,又具有稳定快速的性能。同时分析了自适应波束形成单元数或者输入信号数对算法性能的影响,对实际应用具有指导意义。     

基于三维Puck失效准则及唯象模量退化的复合材料臂杆屈曲分析

针对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料（CFRP）臂杆结构在压缩和扭转载荷条件下屈曲与后屈曲问题,采用三维Puck失效准则和基于唯象分析的模量退化方法,同时考虑层合结构就位效应及沿纤维方向应力对横向强度的影响,建立了一种适用于考虑渐进失效CFRP结构的屈曲分析方法,并通过编写有限元软件ANSYS的USERMAT子程序进行了数值实现。与文献中实验结果的对比表明,上述方法能够分析复合材料结构的渐进失效过程和后屈曲承载特性,预测精度高。进而采用此方法,详细分析了某航天器臂杆结构在承受压缩与扭转载荷条件下的屈曲载荷及后屈曲特性。      

一种基于自适应子空间跟踪与Jacobi算法的时变信道有限反馈预编码方法

提出了一种基于自适应子空间跟踪与Jacobi算法的时变信道有限反馈预编码方法.该方法针对无线信道的时变性,利用梯度算法自适应跟踪时变信道的发射预编码矩阵,同时考虑了反馈信道有限比率的反馈比特数,将Jacobi迭代算法应用于时变信道右奇异矩阵的跟踪,从而有效降低了每个反馈帧的反馈比特数.计算机仿真表明,在时变信道,该方法在降低反馈量的同时,还获得了比存在反馈延时的Grassmannian预编码方法更好的系统容量性能.     

Performance analyses of selection combining diversity receiver over α?μ fading channels in the presence of co-channel interference

An approach to the performance analyses of dual selection combining (SC) diversity receiver over correlated a ?m fading channels with the arbitrary parameters is presented. Fading between the diversity branches and interferers is correlated and distributed with α ? μ distribution. Infinite series expressions are obtained for the output SIR?s probability density function (PDF), cumulative distribution function (CDF) and an important measure of the system?s performances, the outage probability (OP). An average error probability is efficiently evaluated for coherent and non-coherent modulation schemes such as coherent frequency-shift keying (CFSK), coherent phase-shift keying (CPSK), binary frequency-shift keying (BFSK) and binary differentially phase-shift keying (BDPSK). Numerical results are presented to show the effects of various parameters such as fading severity, input SIR unbalance and the level of correlation between received desired signals and interferences on system?s performances.     

基于干扰抑制方法和引导声源的水平阵被动目标测距

基于引导声源的被动测距由于其对环境参数较少的要求受到了广泛关注。而处于浅海复杂环境下的被动声呐中,目标信号的声场干涉结构可能被邻近方位上的强干扰的旁瓣掩盖或改变,影响最终的测距精度。首先利用基于特征分解的自适应干扰抑制方法对强干扰环境中的接收信号进行干扰抑制,获得更高信噪比和信干比的目标信号;然后采用自适应的最小方差无失真波束形成器方法进行水平阵波束形成,得到更精确的目标声源声场干涉结构;其次基于干涉条纹的波导不变量特点,利用引导声源与目标声源干涉条纹的关系进行目标声源被动测距。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和应用的可行性。     

A material and environment-dependent criterion for the prediction of fatigue crack paths in metallic structures

Crack growth under mode II cyclic loading was investigated in maraging steel, ferritic–pearlitic steel and TA6V. When ΔK_II exceeds a threshold value, cracks do not bifurcate but grow in mode II over a distance which increases with ΔK_II. Shear mode crack growth was much more extensive in maraging steel than in TA6V and ferritic–pearlitic steel. This result is discussed in relation with the cyclic behaviour of the materials and the importance of friction along the crack faces. The maximum growth rate criterion is shown to be suitable for the prediction of crack paths when shear mode crack growth is likely to occur.     

Numerical analysis of laminated anisotropic shells and plates based on the iterative shear theory

We consider a problem of bending of laminated anisotropic smooth shells and plates. On the basis of the method of iterations, we construct new, more precise mathematical models of the stress-strain state with different degrees of accuracy which take into account transverse shear strains. The properties of the developed models are studied by analyzing the problem of bending of rectangular diagonally reinforced laminated plates. It is shown that the application of the iterative approach to the construction of these models enables one to obtain results which converge to the three-dimensional solution of the problem as the degree of approximation of the model increases. Ukrainian Transport University, Kiev, Ukraine. Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 1, pp. 100 – 106, January – February, 1998.     

Precise performance analysis of DS-UWB systems on additive white Gaussian noise channels in the presence of multiuser interference

A precise analysis is derived for calculating the bit error probability of a direct-sequence ultra-wideband system accounting for the multiuser interference on additive white Gaussian noise (non-frequency selective) channels. The exact solution is validated by simulation and used to determine the accuracy of a recently published approximation based on a simplified receiver decision statistic, as well as to assess the inaccuracy of the Gaussian approximation. It is established that the Gaussian approximation may only be accurate for an impractically large number of simultaneous users.     

Predicting the tensile relaxation modulus of asphalt mixes based on the mix design and environmental factors

The main objective of this study was to predict the tensile relaxation modulus of asphalt mixes, without having to perform the common relaxation modulus tests, by developing a predictive model based on the mix characteristics, ageing condition, temperature and loading time. To this end, cylindrical asphalt mixture specimens containing crushed stone aggregates with 60/70 penetration asphalt binder were fabricated using two aggregate gradations, two binder contents, two air void levels and three ageing conditions with four replicates. Uniaxial tensile relaxation modulus tests were conducted on the specimens at four temperatures using the trapezoidal loading pattern at a low level of strain. Tensile relaxation modulus master curves of all the experimental combinations were constructed by the sigmoidal model. Statistical analysis of variance and regression analysis was performed on the test data and a predictive model was developed. Finally, the predictive model was verified using a group of measured values other than those used for the development of the model, and it was found that the predicted values correlated well with the measured ones.     

On the frequency-dependent complex-dielectric,complex-electric modulus and conductivity in Au/(NiS:PVP)/n-Si structures

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - The values of complex-dielectric (ε*?=?ε′ ? jε″), loss-tangent (tanδ), complex-electric...     

Recent progress in the design and fabrication of multifunctional structures based on metamaterials

Metamaterials, with unconventional properties realized through various ingenious designs of micro-architectures, have become a recent research hotspot in the fields of electromagnetics, acoustics, mechanics, and physics. Since the integration of mechanical features and specific functions is still a challenge, the application of metamaterials has so far been limited. The research in relevant areas has shown a clear trend of incorporating the multifunctional design into a single integrated structure. Here, we review the latest advances in the design and fabrication of multifunctional structures based on metamaterials, covering three main aspects, i.e., the direct design of mechanical metamaterials and their multifunctional structures, the intelligent multifunctional structures with shape-shifting capabilities, the metamaterials-based design to achieve both the load bearing capability and other specific functions. We emphasize the important roles that the mechanics-driven designs play, as well as the mechanisms and other key aspects behind the multifunctional structures. The structure-level innovations could not only improve multifunctional features, but also pave the way to function fusion structures that allow the incorporation of ‘conflicting’ functions into a single structure.     

Broadband and polarization-insensitive metamaterial absorber based on hybrid structures in the infrared region

In this work, a new type of metamaterial absorber is proposed in the infrared region. This structure consists of metal-dielectric-metal. But the difference is that a square groove in the dielectric has been dug, and replaced by a metal. The simulated results show that this structure can achieve a broadband absorption. And the absorption bandwidth can be realized from 60.5 to 115.5 THz when the absorption efficiency is larger than 90%. And this structure is polarization-insensitive for incident electromagnetic waves. In addition, the structure can also achieve better absorption effect for a large incident angle, especially for TM polarized wave. What is more, a remarkably enhanced bandwidth can be realized by using a metal to fill the square groove which is dug in the dielectric. To further explain the mechanism of high absorption, the distribution of the electromagnetic field and power loss density at the resonance frequencies are analysed. And these novel properties make the absorbers have many applications including sensor, cloaking, etc.     

A model for the porosity dependence of Young's modulus in brittle solids based on crack opening displacement

A crack opening displacement concept has been introduced to model the porosity dependence of Young's modulus in polycrystalline and single phase solids. In developing the theoretical model, it is assumed that each cylindrical cavity possesses radial cracks and spherical pores possess annular flaws. When an external stress is applied on such a solid, its elastic response is shown to be governed by the pore size, the width of an annular flaw, the number of pores (or pore volume fraction) and the flaw to pore size ratio. The validity of the present approach is tested against a number of experimental data.[/p]     

Design of stationary plane strain drawing based on the ideal flow theory and a fracture criterion

Summary The ideal flow theory provides a tool for designing metal forming processes. However, quite often the design based on this theory is not unique. The purpose of the present work is to investigate a possibility of using an additional design criterion driven by fracture. The fracture criterion adopted is based on the concept of workability diagram for rate-independent materials and its generalization for rate-dependent materials. It is shown that for stationary forming processes of rate-independent materials this criterion does not lead to a design criterion, whereas for stationary forming processes of rate-dependent materials it does. In the latter case, a numerical example for plane-strain drawing is given.     

基于遗传算法和拓扑优化的结构多孔洞损伤识别

鉴于拓扑优化和遗传算法在结构损伤识别中各自的优点,本文将遗传算法、有限元和拓扑优化三种方法相结合,提出了一种用于二维结构多损伤识别的新方法。这种方法将拓扑优化的设计变量和遗传算法的参数统一化,将拓扑优化中的目标函数和约束方程与遗传算法的适应度函数联系起来,并以拓扑优化的约束方程作为控制条件参与整个遗传运算的控制。采用二进制编码遗传算法代替连续变量拓扑优化的方式对发生孔洞损伤形式的二维结构进行损伤识别,避免了利用连续变量拓扑优化进行损伤识别时参数阈值的确定可能给识别结果带来的不良影响。通过对两个二维结构模型的多损伤识别仿真计算,结果显示本方法能够很好地识别二维结构中多个位置的损伤,对于仅用拓扑优化法很难识别的轻微孔洞损伤情况,该方法也能得出与实际情况吻合良好的结果。     

Resistive switching in metal-insulator-metal structures based on germanium oxide and stabilized zirconia

Bipolar resistive switching in metal-insulator-metal structures based on a double-layer insulator composed of a layer of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) containing 12 mol % Y₂O₃ and a layer of GeO _x is studied. It is shown that the incorporation of an additional GeO _x layer into the structure leads to a significant decrease in the variation of resistive switching parameters at both negative and positive voltages. Au/Zr/GeO _x /YSZ/TiN structures exhibit a high stability of the resistance ratio in high-resistance and low-resistance states during cyclic switching. The studied structures can be used for designing next-generation nonvolatile memory elements.