Q345D板坯连铸凝固传热过程数值模拟

基于凝固传热学理论,以300 mm厚Q345D板坯连铸过程为研究对象,建立了板坯二维凝固传热数学模型。利用等效比热法对凝固潜热进行处理,分析了拉速、过热度、二冷区喷水量以及二冷区长度变化对出结晶器坯壳厚度、铸坯表面温度等凝固参数的影响。结果表明,适当提高拉速、降低过热度和增加二冷段长度,可以促进连铸坯凝固,降低板坯缺陷,提高生产效率。     

薄板坯在二冷区传热现象的研究

研究了薄板坯连铸二冷区不同的工艺参数对传热现象的影响.计算中采用二维传热模型对温度分布进行计算.计算了不同拉速、不同水量下铸坯的温度分布和坯壳生长.分析了不同工艺对铸坯温度和坯壳生长的影响.得到了不同工艺下,铸坯温度分布规律和坯壳生长规律:拉速的变化对铸坯温度分布和坯壳生长有很明显的影响;而水量变化20%对铸坯温度分布和坯壳生长没有明显的影响.     

Generalized constructal optimization for the secondary cooling process of slab continuous casting based on entransy theory

Based on constructal theory and entransy theory,a generalized constructal optimization of a solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting for a specified total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone was carried out.A complex function was taken as the optimization objective to perform the casting.The complex function was composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab.The optimal water distribution at the sections of the secondary cooling zone were obtained.The effects of the total water flow rate in the secondary cooling zone,casting speed,superheat and water distribution on the generalized constructal optimizations of the secondary cooling process were analyzed.The results show that on comparing the optimization results obtained based on the optimal water distributions of the 8 sections in the secondary cooling zone with those based on the initial ones,the complex function and the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient after optimization decreased by 43.25%,5.90%and 80.60%,respectively.The quality and energy storage of the slab had obviously improved in this case.The complex function,composed of the functions of the entransy dissipation and surface temperature gradient of the slab,was a compromise between the internal and surface temperature gradients of the slab.Essentially,it is also the compromise between energy storage and quality of the slab.The"generalized constructal optimization"based on the minimum complex function can provide an optimal alternative scheme from the point of view of improving energy storage and quality for the parameter design and dynamic operation of the solidification heat transfer process of slab continuous casting.     

优化二冷制度实现宽板坯角部复热的研究

根据国内某厂宽板坯连铸工艺条件,利用二维非稳态传热模型及喷嘴冷却特性,分析不同因素对铸坯角部复热的影响规律。结果表明,铸坯断面宽度为1800 mm时,喷嘴间距选为450 mm,铸坯宽面表面温差小,有利于实现铸坯的角部复热;喷嘴间距一定,随二冷区比水量的减小及铸坯宽面外侧两喷嘴冷却水量的降低,铸坯角部复热效果更好;较小的角部凝固坯壳厚度有利于减小内部高温钢液蓄含的热量向铸坯角部传递的阻力,改善角部复热效果。     

Heat-transfer model on the improvement of continuous casting slab temperature

A heat transfer model on the solidification process has been established on the basis of the technical conditions of the slab caster in No.3 steel works of Wuhan Iron & Steel Corporation, and the temperature field in the solidifying slab was calculated which was verified by the measured slab surface temperature. The influences of the main operating factors including casting speed, spray cooling patterns, superheat of melt and slab size on the solidification process were analyzed and the means of enhancing the slab temperature was brought forward. Raising the casting speed to 1.3 m/min, controlling the flowrate of secondary cooling water and improving the cooling pattern at the lower segments of secondary cooling zone could improve the slab temperature effectively. And the increasing the superheat is adverse to the production of high temperature slab.     

长一维直通式辊底加热炉内传热数学模型研究

通过分析ＣＳＰ工艺中直通式辊底加热炉的热工及结构特性,采用地建立炉内辐射换热数学模型,与加热炉内连铸坯及炉衬的一维导热方程相耦合,建立长一维直通式辊底加热炉炉内传数学模型,通过对数注解,研究分析了不同的薄板坯移动速度及 种对加热炉炉内温度分布的影响。     

半透明材料日照作用时的温度分布

本文通过分析日照作用下半透明材料的传热过程,立出数学描述求出稳态温度分布解,证明了半透明材料在日照时的热屏蔽效应。     

气雾射流动态传热实验研究

设计搭建了气雾射流动态传热实验装置,建立了二维非稳态导热反问题模型,研究了表面温度和表面热流密度的时间分布.结果表明在冷却过程中缸体穿越喷射区与淌水区历经了几个不同的换热阶段,温度曲线出现了明显的周期性的特点,成功的模拟了连铸二冷气雾冷却周期性换热的特征.     

自然通风湿式冷却塔传热传质的三维数值分析

基于CFD软件Fluent和传热传质理论,建立了自然通风逆流湿式冷却塔空气三维运动控制方程、液相冷却水运动控制方程以及气水两相间传热传质的理论模型.采用标准k-ε湍流模型进行应力封闭,对塔内传热传质过程进行了三维数值计算.计算分析了塔内外空气的速度场、温度场和含湿量场,给出了塔内冷却水温度分布场,指出塔内雨区外侧部分区域空气和冷却水温度均低于环境干球温度,并指出进风口上沿存在纵向漩涡影响气水两相间的局部传热传质强度.计算了塔内各区冷却水蒸发量,给出塔内不同高度处淋水密度的径向分布曲线和塔内传热传质区的气水比分布场,指出传热传质主要发生在填料区.     

小方坯连铸二冷配水对凝固与传热的影响

研究小方坯连铸在二次冷却过程中的坯壳凝固情况,建立了传热过程的二维非稳态数学模型,计算出在整个连铸过程中温度变化和温度场分布,并得出在二冷区铸坯凝固速度与换热系数的关系.     

X80钢层流冷却温度场的有限元模拟

针对X80钢精轧后进行的层流冷却过程,借助MSC.Marc有限元软件并结合实测的X80钢精轧后的温度分布,建立有限元仿真模型,对不同冷却工艺下X80钢宽度方向的温度场进行分析计算,得到X80钢沿宽度方向的温度分布;通过实验获取X80钢层流冷却过程中换热系数,将获得的换热系数加载到冷却模型中模拟X80钢层流冷却过程的温度变化情况,对比得出不同层流冷却模式的冷却强弱效果。结果表明：对于强冷区,冷却方式为101的冷却效果比冷却方式为110和011的好;对于缓冷区,冷却方式为0011111000的冷却效果比冷却方式为1111100000和0000011111的好。     

发动机缸体冷却液流动传热的三维CFD模拟

针对发动机冷却系统优化设计中存在冷却液的三维流动与传热的问题，为了提高发动机的冷却效率、降低高温零件的热负荷、实现整机的热量分配和热量利用，以4缸发动机为研究对象，利用计算流体动力学 (CFD)软件STAR-CD，对发动机缸体冷却水套内冷却液的流动和传热进行三维数值模拟.通过CAD建模、计算网格划分和给定边界条件，进行数值计算，给出了发动机冷却水套内冷却水的流场、压力场及表面传热系数分布，为进行发动机冷却水套内冷却液的流动和传热分析以及冷却水套的优化设计提供了理论依据.     

温度均匀分布辐射冷顶板的传热特性

构建一种表面温度均匀分布的辐射冷顶板,分析其物理结构和传热机理,建立其辐射供冷传热过程的数学模型,利用MATLAB计算其供冷量,并通过该辐射冷顶板的热工特性试验验证模型的合理性,模拟得到的顶板温度和供冷量与实验结果的误差小于6%。通过对实验结果和计算结果的分析,研究发现在定流量稳态工况下,该辐射冷顶板结构由于存在空气夹层,顶板的供冷量随顶板温度的增大而增大,但受冷冻水温度的限制,顶板的温度在实际运行时宜保持在18~20℃之间。基于对实验数据的分析,研究了室内相对湿度随顶板温度的变化规律、房间的温度分布及其通过对流和辐射方式各自分担的冷负荷。     

Analysis of cooling effectiveness for heat flux based on reference enthalpy

In order to quickly and accurately compute the wall temperature distribution along the combustor axial line, a method to compute the temperature field of combustion chamber with active regeneratively cooling was presented. On the condition of nonstationary wall temperature, the one-dimensional cooling model based on reference enthalpy was established, and the distribution of the wall heat flux and the wall temperature along the combustor axial line were obtained at different mach numbers by using the heat transfer empirical equation. For the existing two types of cooling system structure, the cooling effectiveness of which was investigated through the presented method. And the satisfactory results obtained show the validity of the method.     

考虑段间辐射修正的三元模型

针对连续加热炉建立了假想面法模型.在计算辐射直接交换面积时,考虑了炉顶压下对炉内传热的影响.以某厂3#加热炉为研究对象,模拟了钢坯加热过程;并将计算结果与传统的三元模型计算结果相比较,分析传统三元模型误差产生的原因,最后将通过各假想面的热流加入到三元模型的炉气能量平衡方程中,以修正屏蔽段间辐射造成的误差.修正的三元模型与假想面法模型计算结果相差较小,满足精度的要求,因此可以应用到在线跟踪计算中.对于在线运行的三元模型,当燃料量和燃料配比变化较大时,应提前计算生产过程中典型的燃料供给和分配下的各假想面传递的能量,生成数据文件,以便于实时调用.     

Heat transfer of micro-droplet during free fall in drop tube

To explore the heat transfer of micro-droplet during free fall in the drop tube, the falling velocity and microgravity level are calculated. The Newtonian heat transfer formulation is coupled with the classical heat conduction equation to predict the heat transfer process within micro-droplet. Based on the numerical solution by finite difference method with implicit Euler scheme, the temporal evolution of thermal information inside micro-droplet is obtained including the temperature distribution, cooling rate, temperature difference and gradient. To quantitatively reveal the mechanism how the various factors affect the heat transfer of micro-droplet, the effects of physical properties of liquid metal and cooling gas as well as the micro-droplet size are studied. As the important indicators of heat transfer process, the cooling rate and temperature difference are acquired to systematically investigate the relationship between thermophysical properties and heat transfer process of different metallic micro-droplets.     

湿式冷却塔加装导风管的数值研究

以湿冷机组自然通风冷却塔相关理论为基础,在FLUENT模拟软件的框架下,建立了火电机组湿式冷却塔的传热传质模型,雨区和喷淋区采用离散相模型,具有较高精度的Poppe理论用于计算填料内复杂的能量传递和物质交换.由于塔的中心区域换热效率较低,采用了在雨区加装导风管的方案,使外界空气直接与中心区域冷却水换热,改善塔内空气温度...     

CSP工艺Q235 B热轧带钢边部裂纹成因分析

为减少采用CSP工艺生产的Q235B热轧带钢边部裂纹缺陷,分别在Q235 B连铸坯和热轧带钢裂纹处进行取样,通过宏观形貌、金相组织、扫描电镜及能谱分析等方法,研究铸坯角部横裂纹与热轧带钢边部裂纹的演变规律和形态变化. 结果表明,结晶器卷渣、冷却不均匀是产生连铸坯角部裂纹的主要原因;第2道次过渡带钢的金相组织中出现混晶现象,裂纹边上存在脱碳现象;热轧带钢边部裂纹主要源自于铸坯裂纹,并在轧制过程中得到扩展. 根据连铸工艺参数,对边部裂纹缺陷率与液渣层厚度、保护渣消耗量、结晶器振动参数、中间包过热度、结晶器传热参数以及铸坯宽度的关系进行统计分析,并提出相应的边部裂纹控制工艺措施.     

热轧板坯加热温度场有限元模拟

采用有限元法,建立了热轧步进式加热炉内板坯三维温度场的数值计算模型.通过现场拖偶实验确定了板坯加热的边界条件,并验证了模型计算结果的准确性.计算结果表明,在保证板坯加热质量的前提下,提高加热炉预热段炉温、板坯入炉温度有利于缩短板坯在加热炉内的加热时间,提高加热炉生产效率.     

CSP结晶器内钢液流动及凝固的数值模拟

应用数值模拟方法,建立CSP漏斗型结晶器内钢液流动及凝固传热耦合模型。针对结晶器内铸坯角部受到强冷的特点,对结晶器内热流密度采用修正方程进行计算,分析热流密度修正系数对铸坯凝固坯壳表面温度计算精度的影响。通过比较不同拉坯速率下结晶器内钢液凝固的特点,研究凝固坯壳对结晶器内钢液流动行为的影响。结果表明,采用热流密度修正系数后,铸坯凝固坯壳角部温度的计算值与实际情况更相符;提高拉坯速率可使铸坯凝固坯壳厚度减小;拉坯速率较大时凝固坯壳厚度随铸坯距弯月面距离的增大基本呈线性增长,拉坯速率为3m/min时,凝固坯壳在生长过程中厚度的增长有短暂的停滞现象;凝固坯壳对钢液流动的影响较大,主要是由钢液有效流动区域减少及两相区额外动量阻损造成的。