车有轻烃油和油公核磁共振传递剂

介绍了轻烃的特征，及它作为汽车燃料与其它各种车用替代燃料如天然气、乙醇汽油等进行了比较。说明它具有一系列优点，是一各有发展前景的车用替代燃料。同时不介绍了一种新型的燃油添加剂－油公核磁共振传递与它的特征、机理以及在轻烃汽车和其它车辆中的应用效果，特别是节能、环保效果。     

车用替代燃料发展状况与前景

交通部门发展车用替代燃料的迫切性日益增加。各种车用替代燃料将在技术革新、政策扶持和市场竞争的推动下实现重大技术突破和快速发展,呈现并行递进的态势。预计天然气汽车将继续在特定领域得到推广应用,油电混合动力车和电动汽车将来主要用于中短途交通,非粮生物燃料和可再生氢燃料未来将成为重型卡车、航运和航空等长途交通工具的最经济可行的清洁替代燃料,而插电式混合动力车将在中间市场发挥最大作用。建议我国继续支持天然气汽车的推广应用,大力发展非粮生物燃料和新能源汽车。     

高效清洁安全的车用替代能源──车用甲醇燃料

汽车是人类最重要的道路运输和乘用工具,其动力主要来自于汽柴油等液体燃料。而甲醇除了来源广,体量大,纯度高,输送便利外,在点燃式内燃机的使用性能方面与汽油相比,显示出优良的燃烧性(燃烧充分)、动力性(高效节能)、环保性(排放清洁)和安全性(与乙醇相当)。本文列举了甲醇燃料特性数据及上海焦化公司甲醇燃料在甲醇车上试验数据,充分论证甲醇燃料是最现实的车用替代能源。而要完美实现甲醇燃料替代需要从汽车和燃料二个方面解决好的相互适应性问题。     

对发展车用LNG代油燃料的几点思考

叙述了山西省发展车用LNG代油燃料的条件,介绍了天然气替代汽车燃料的形式以及LNG的供给能力和以LNG为燃料的车辆技术开发的现状及发展趋势。     

美国车用替代燃料发展现状政策及启示

对美国车用替代燃料的动机和发展现状进行了总结和归纳,整理并研究了美国联邦政府和主要州政府支持车用替代燃料的政策和措施,最后结合中国的实际情况,提出了几点发展车用替代燃料的建议.     

我国发展替代能源和车用替代燃料的政策

我国确立了“以可再生能源替代化石能源。以新能源替代传统能源、以优势能源替代稀缺能源”的替代能源发展总体战略,并将重点确定为发展多元化车用替代燃料。具体为：①鼓励推广应用天然气汽车。1999年启动的“空气净化工程清洁汽车行动”和2006年启动的“节能与新能源汽车”高科技计划都支持研发和推广使用天然气汽车。     

怎样选购淬火油和有机淬火剂

本文是专门为热处理车间的技术人员和采购人员编写的选购淬火油和有机淬火剂的须知。重点是对淬火介质的冷却性能做了较为详细的论述。着力介绍了国际标准ISO—9950和我国专业标准ZBE—4500了之间的联系,为选购淬火介质提供科学的依据。     

当前我国发展用煤生产车用燃料项目中存在的问题和对策

文章指出了当前我国发展用煤生产车用燃料项目中存在的问题,分析了发展用煤生产车用燃料的产业政策、可能存在的价格、市场和技术风险,提出了解决当前发展用煤生产车用燃料项目中存在问题的对策,一是尽快在我国车用燃料标准中明确不能加入甲醇;二是尽快制定我国发展用煤生产车用燃料的产业政策;三是组织好煤制油技术开发,尽快掌握建设大型煤制油装置的技术及装备制造能力。     

车用替代燃料成为煤基替代能源产品开发的重点

现代煤化工发展的一个重点应用领域是开发车用替代燃料,包括煤液化制油和煤气化生产甲醇、二甲醚等新型车用燃料。煤的液化由于投资巨大、环境成本高企、大规模工业化应用尚需技术突破等原因,目前在多数国家主要作为战略储     

车用燃料替代的紧迫性

目前世界汽车保有量约8亿辆,预计到2020年将达到12亿辆。国际能源署的统计数据表明,2001年全球57%的石油消费在交通领域,预计到2020年,交通用油将占全球石油总消耗的62%以上。另外,减少排气污染、净化环境已成为车用燃料发展的方向。以欧盟为例,欧盟15国制定的＂汽车-油料发展规划＂,     

Probing the pore space of geothermal reservoir sandstones by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Pulsed-Field-Gradient–Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (PFG–NMR) is an interesting method to determine microscopic but volumetrically averaged properties of pore space. In the present paper a number of sandstone samples, taken from drill cores of geothermal wells in North Germany, have been investigated. The time-dependent self-diffusion of water molecules in their confined geometry is used to probe the pore space. The short-time behaviour of the self-diffusion coefficient (anomalous diffusion) in the porous matrix allows the determination of the surface-to-pore volume ratio S/V_p. At long diffusion times, molecules scout the tortuosity of the interconnected pore space of the sandstones. The NMR results were compared with data from petrographic image analysis (PIA), adsorption experiments and electric conductivity measurements. The PFG–NMR measurements give surface-to-pore volume ratios S/V_p that are comparable to those estimated with the petrographic image analysis. The tortuosities match in most cases data from conductivity measurements, so the PFG–NMR is regarded as an appropriate tool to determine this quantity. The results are not influenced by the adherence of ‘scout-molecules’ to the pore walls. The surface-to-pore volume ratios and tortuosities were used to calculate permeabilities of the systems of interest, which were in good agreement with measured core-plug permeabilities. Results of additional NMR relaxation experiments are used to obtain adsorption isotherms for cations at active surface sites.     

高碱煤熔渣捕捉钠的核磁共振研究

准东煤是良好的动力用煤且储量巨大,但碱金属含量过高导致沾污结渣严重.提出液态排渣的方式捕捉煤中碱金属的思路.采用模拟煤灰(SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3-CaO-NaCl)代替准东煤灰进行熔融试验,并对样品进行固体核磁共振测试与物相分析,探究煤灰主要成分对Na捕捉率的影响,并结合熔渣结构的变化分析捕捉机理.研究结果表...     

Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Electrochemically Discharged CF(x)

Electrochemical studies of three types of CF_x (F - fiber based, C - petroleum coke based, G - graphite based) have demonstrated different electrochemical performances in previous work, with fiber based CF_x delivering superior performance over those based on petroleum coke and graphite. ¹³C and ¹⁹F MAS (magic angle spinning) NMR techniques are employed to identify the atomic/molecular structural factors that might account for differences in electrochemical performance among the different types of CF_x. Small quantitative variations of covalent CF and LiF are noted as a function of discharge and sp³ bonded carbons are detected in discharged F type of CF_x.     

地面核磁共振技术在推求潜水含水层厚度及导水系数中的应用

根据21眼地质勘探孔、水文地质勘探孔及28个地面核磁共振（SNMR）勘探点资料,对比分析了钻孔揭露的含水层厚度与SNMR解译的含水层厚度、钻孔抽水试验所得含水层导水系数与SNMR解译的导水系数的差异,据此绘制出西辽河冲淤积平原潜水含水层厚度与导水系数分布图。结果表明,在SNMR试验噪音较小时SNMR解译的含水层厚度、导水系数与钻孔揭露的含水层厚度及水文地质试验结果吻合较好。利用SNMR技术解译含水层厚度、导水系数并通过少量钻孔及抽水试验予以校正,不仅可以节省大量勘探工作量,而且精度及可行度也较高。     

核电凝汽器磁栅除铁过滤器的应用

简述了用于核电凝汽器热井中的磁栅除铁过滤器的作用、结构、技术特点、布置方式等内容,并对相关技术问题进行了分析和论证。     

Characterization and saturation determination of reservoir metagraywacke from The Geysers corehole SB-15-D (USA), using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometry and X-ray Computed Tomography

Novel pressure-coring technology, along with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry and X-ray computed tomography (CT) of cores retrieved from scientific drillhole SB-15-D in the Sulphur Bank area of The Geysers steam field, have enabled the first measurements of indigenous water saturation in a high-temperature, vapor-dominated geothermal system. Two cores for the analyses were obtained using a wireline-retrievable core barrel sealed and pressurized at simulated reservoir pressure during ascent to the surface, and there immediately frozen in dry ice and secured in insulated receptacles to immobilize contained fluids. Immediately upon being thawed at the laboratory, the cores were measured for total water volume by NMR. These values, combined with rock porosities later determined by Boyles Law gas expansion, yielded total water saturations. For the deeper of the two cores (485.2–488.3 m), water saturation was determined by these methods to be 3–13%, but these values probably include some drilling-fluid filtrate. For the shallower core (432.9–435.8 m), filtrate incursion was measurable by CT, since a tritium tracer had been added to the drilling fluid during coring operations. Filtrate accounted for a fifth to three-fifths of the total water in this core, and corrected water saturations ranged from 8 to 25%. Results of subsequent CT-based experiments on the cores suggest that invasion probably took place as a result of drilling-fluid vaporization and convective migration of the vaporized filtrate. This finding (1) implies that much of the hot (about 235°C) cored rock sequence is relatively dry; and (2) independently supports the low water saturation measurements obtained by NMR. The dryness and low water saturations of the SB-15-D cores doubtless reflect the 40-year production history of the Sulphur Bank area, and cannot be considered representative of The Geysers as a whole. As indigenous water saturation will remain a critical variable in the longevity of this resource, it is recommended that our new pressure-coring and saturation-measurement techniques be judiciously applied in other (particularly deeper) portions of the reservoir.     

中距离传输共振磁耦合无线取能装置设计与实验

基于磁耦合机构的等效电路模型,开展无线传能耦合特性分析,提出一种新型空间螺旋线圈结构,应用ANSYS有限元分析软件开展发射线圈和接收线圈的电磁场仿真建模,对线圈结构进行电磁优化设计,并对比有无中继线圈的磁耦合机构,发现添加中继线圈可以在有效增加传输距离的同时将系统的传输效率提高1.475倍。最后,构造了一台共振磁耦合无线取能模型样机,实验结果表明,该样机能够实现传输距离为3 m、功率为40 W的LED灯负载供电,由此验证了无线取能线圈设计的有效性。     

核电站控制棒驱动机构隔磁片应力分析

考虑到磁极对隔磁片的弹性支撑,根据弹性力学板壳理论建立了隔磁片在衔铁冲击载荷作用下的基于弹性基础的薄壁圆盘轴对称弯曲的应力分析模型,利用幂级数和传递矩阵技术给出了相应的解析解,并将理论分析结果与有限元数值计算结果进行了比较.结果表明:理论分析结果与有限元数值计算结果完全吻合;在隔磁片磁极接触侧出现与冲击疲劳相关的弯曲拉应力;以径向拉应力为主体的最大疲劳等效应力发生在距离内径1/3的隔磁片径向宽度处,它是导致隔磁片经历一定次数步跃运动的衔铁冲击载荷作用后出现疲劳破损的主要原因.     

一种基于磁耦合共振式的无线取能电流互感器电源设计

针对现有电子式电流互感器高压侧取能电源设计中存在的电源复杂、寿命短等问题,提出了一种基于磁耦合共振式的无线取能电源设计方法。建立了能量传输模型,推导出了输出功率表达式,通过分析电压、频率、互感对功率的影响,为硬件电路的参数设计提供了理论参考。通过对供电装置和绝缘子采用一体化设计并采用环氧树脂填充完成了系统的样机制作。结果表明,该取能电源在保证有效绝缘距离的前提下,可实现长时间的稳定供能,验证了本设计的有效性。研究成果可为磁耦合共振式的无线取能电流互感器的电源设计提供参考。