BaTiO3基PTCR陶瓷中B2O3蒸汽掺杂的异常行为

钛酸钡基半导化陶瓷中的PTCR效应通常与材料中的施受主掺杂密切相关。在高温下B2O3具有较高的蒸汽压,通过B2O3蒸汽掺杂的研究表明,含主族元素B的氧化物蒸汽掺杂,钛酸钡基半导化陶瓷样品的升阻比同样得到了大幅度提高,同时室温电阻率也有所增加。B2O3蒸汽掺杂BaTiO3基材料的PTCR效应的提升可能得益于硼填隙和钡缺位相关的复合缺陷在晶界上的形成。     

Yb3+掺杂SiO2-Bi2O3-B2O3玻璃的物理性质及光谱性质

选取玻璃组分60SiO2-xBi2O3-(30-x)B2O3-2K2O-7Na2O-1Yb2O3(以mo1％记，x=0，5，10，15，20，25，30)为研究对象．通过测试试样的物理性质和光谱性质，应用倒易法(reciprocity method)计算Yb^3 离子的受激发射截面(σeml)，并且计算了Yb^3 的自发辐射几率(Arad)，2F5／2能级的辐射寿命(Trad)．讨论了玻璃中Bi2O3和B2O3的组成变化对其物理性质、Yb^3 离子的吸收特性、发光特性以及OH^-离子对实测Yb^3 荧光寿命(Tf)的影响．结果表明：Yb^3 掺杂的SiO2-Bi2O3-B2O3具有较好的光谱性能，是一种新型的Yb^3 掺杂双包层光纤候选基质材料．     

C-SiC-TiC-TiB2复合材料的抗氧化性研究

本文对原位反应合成的C-SiC-TiC-TiB2复合材料在600～1200℃空气中的抗氧化性进行了研究．在不同材料组成和试验温度下，试样分别出现氧化增重和失重，这主要取决于碳相和陶瓷相的氧化速率及氧化层的结构特征．在600℃该材料几乎不被氧化；800℃时，TiB2被优先氧化，形成B2O3液相；在1000℃以上，B2O3与SiO2生成硼硅酸盐玻璃，形成一致密氧化层．氧化过程中液相的出现和致密氧化层的形成显著降低了氧化速率，使材料进入钝氧化，从而大幅度地提高了该材料的抗氧化能力．     

B2O3蒸汽掺杂的中低温烧结Y-BaTiO3及其PTCR特性研究

通过B2O3蒸汽掺杂,Y-BaTiO3陶瓷的烧结温度大幅度降低．B2O3蒸汽掺杂后的样品,室温电阻率下降,升阻比提高．通过对氧化硼蒸汽掺杂样品的XRD分析研究表明,硼间隙可以在钛酸钡晶格中存在,硼间隙和／或相关缺陷络合物可以形成电子捕获中心,从而提高PTCR效应．     

烧结助剂对Si3N4/BN层状复合陶瓷结构与性能的影响

研究了MgO—Y2O3—Al2O3体系(相应的层状复合陶瓷试样记为A)、Y2O3—Al2O33体系(相应的层状复合陶瓷试样记为B)及La2O3—Y2O3—Al2O3体系(相应的层状复合陶瓷试样记为C)烧结助剂对Si3N4／BN层状复合陶瓷结构与性能的影响．研究表明：在相同的烧结工艺下，试样A、B、C的抗弯强度分别为700、630、610MPa，断裂功分别为2100、1600、3100J／m^2．试样A、B以脆性断裂为主，裂纹偏转现象不明显，而试样C的载荷-位移曲线显示了明显的“伪塑性”特征，裂纹的偏转与扩展现象明显．试样A中Si3N4晶粒大小不均且长径比较小，而试样C中长柱状Si3N4晶粒发育完善，有较大的长径比．     

Al2O3微粉的表面改性及表征

以α—Al2O3微粉为基体，Y(NO3)3溶液为包裹相，采用液相包裹法进行加钇颗粒表面改性。获得了表面均匀包裹Y2O3的α—Al2O3粉体。将此粉体与Al合金复合制备复合材料，复合材料组织更加均匀，对材料进行力学性能测试，结果表明：改性粉体对Al合金增强效果明显增加，抗拉强度提高27．2％，屈服强度提高33．1％，延伸率提高10．3％。     

Al2O3膜表面包覆LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2的微观结构和电化学特性

采用液相浸渍法在球形颗粒LiNi1／3Co1／2Mn1／3O2的表面包覆上了一层Al2O3膜．结构分析表明，表面A1203膜的厚度约100nm，具有一定的无定形结构，核体材料具有纯六方相结构．实验结果证明，表面Al2O3膜能够有效提高正极材料的耐过充能力和循环稳定性．在截止电压为3．0—4．5V，充放电倍率为1C的条件下，Al2O3表面包覆膜后正极活性物质50次循环的容量保持率提高了11．5％．     

Li1.15-xNi0.33Co0.33Mn0.33O2+δ溶胶-凝胶法合成、表征及合成机理

以可溶性盐为原料采用溶胶-凝胶法合成了具有六方层状结构的Li1．15-xNi0．33Co0．33-Mn0．33O2-δ（LNCMO）固溶体．用X射线衍射（XRD）、光电子能谱（XPS）、扫描电镜（SEM）、循环伏安（CV）、充放电测试等表征了其结构、形貌、过渡金属元素的离子价态及电化学性能，结合热重-差热分析（TG—DTA）及变温过程XRD结果分析了合成机理．950℃样品以0．1mA／cm^2的电流密度在2．5-4．5V间首次放电容量为190mAh／g，循环10次后为180mAh／g，表明样品具有较好的电化学性能．前驱物在较低温度下分解即可形成层状LNCMO主相，高温焙烧不仅可稳定材料的层状结构，而且能显著提高其结晶性，固溶体的形成可分为以下三步；（1）前驱物氧化分解的同时生成Li—Ni—Co-Mn-O固溶体；（2）残余的Li2CO3分解产生Li2O；（3）表面的Li2O逐步扩散到固溶体内部，形成单相Li—Ni—Co-Mn-O固溶体．     

Li2CO3-B2O3-V2O5掺杂ZnO-TiO2陶瓷低温烧结的研究

以Li2CO3、B2O3和V2O53种常见的低熔点氧化物为烧结助剂,用传统固相法制备了Li2CO3-B2O3-V2O5掺杂的ZnO-TiO2微波介质陶瓷,并利用XRD、SEM等研究了ZnO-TiO2陶瓷的烧结行为、物相组成、显微结构特征及微波介电性能等。结果表明,当掺入3%(质量分数)Li2CO3-B2O3-V2O5时,在840℃烧结2h可制备出体积密度为4.99g/cm3的ZnO-TiO2陶瓷,达到理论密度的96.5%以上,εr、Q.f、τf分别约为24、22900GHz、-4×10-6/℃。     

BiOCl/Bi2O3异质结复合光催化剂的制备和光催化性能研究

以五水硝酸铋、硝酸、氢氧化钠、盐酸为原料,用盐酸浸渍法制备了盐酸与氧化铋物质的量比分别为0.3∶1、0.5∶1、0.7∶1、1∶1的BiOCl/Bi2O3异质结新型复合光催化剂。用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重-差热分析(TG-DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对材料进行了表征。250 W高压汞灯照射下,用光催化降解罗丹明B反应来测试催化剂的光催化活性,结果表明BiOCl/Bi2O3复合光催化剂的性能明显优于单体Bi2O3。当盐酸与氧化铋物质的量比为0.7∶1时,BiOCl/Bi2O3催化剂的光催化活性最佳。最后研究了抑制剂对BiOCl/Bi2O3复合光催化剂降解罗丹明B的影响,发现三乙醇胺和碘化钾都有一定的抑制作用。     

Magnetic coupling in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3/La0.67Sr0.33CoO3/La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 sandwiches

La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃ (LCMO)/La_0.67Sr_0.33CoO₃ (LSCO)/LCMO trilayer films are fabricated on single-crystal substrates NdGaO₃ (110) and the interlayer coupling are investigated. Compared with LCMO single layer, sandwiches showed the enhanced metal-insulator transition temperature of LCMO layers. The magnetoresistance is dependent on spacer thickness and the peak value dramatically decreases when LSCO layer is thick enough because of shorting by the LSCO layer. The magnetic coercivity H_C shows a nonmonotonic behavior with changing spacer layer thickness and the waist-like hysteresis indicates that there is an indirect exchange coupling between the top and bottom LCMO layers across the spacer layer.     

Varistor properties of ZnO-Pr6O11-CoO-Cr2O3-Y2O3-In2O3 ceramics

The varistor properties of the ZnO-Pr₆O₁₁-CoO-Cr₂O₃-Y₂O₃-In₂O₃ ceramics were investigated for different concentrations of In₂O₃. The increase of In₂O₃ concentration slightly increased the sintered density (5.60-5.63 g/cm³) and slightly decreased the average grain size (3.4-2.9 μm). The breakdown field increased from 6023 to 14822 V/cm with increasing concentration of In₂O₃. The nonlinear coefficient increased from 17.6 to 44.6 for up to 0.005 mol%, whereas the further doping caused it to decrease to 36.8. In₂O₃ acted as an acceptor due to the donor concentration, which decreases in the range of 1.02 × 10¹⁷ to 0.24 × 10¹⁷/cm³ with increasing concentration of In₂O₃.     

Nanocrystallization of SrBi2Nb2O9 from glasses in the system Li2B4O7---SrO---Bi2O3---Nb2O5

Transparent glasses in the system (100−x)Li₂B₄O₇–x(SrO---Bi₂O₃---Nb₂O₅) (10≤x≤60) (in molar ratio) were fabricated by a conventional melt-quenching technique. Amorphous and glassy characteristics of the as-quenched samples were established via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) respectively. Glass–ceramics embedded with strontium bismuth niobate, SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ (SBN) nanocrystals were produced by heat-treating the as-quenched glasses at temperatures higher than 500 °C. Perovskite SBN phase formation through an intermediate fluorite phase in the glass matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies corroborate the observation of fluorite phase formation. The dielectric constant (_r) and the loss factor (D) for the lithium borate, Li₂B₄O₇ (LBO) glass comprising randomly oriented SBN nanocrystals were determined and compared with those predicted based on the various dielectric mixture rule formalism. The dielectric constant was found to increase with increasing SBN content in LBO glass matrix.     

Microstructures of YBa2Cu3O7/La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ca0.3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7 bi-layers grown on (001)LaAlO3

Epitaxial YBa₂Cu₃O₇/La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (YBCO/LCMO) bi-layers and La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃/YBa₂Cu₃O₇ (LCMO/YBCO) bi-layers were grown on (001)LaAlO₃ by pulsed laser deposition, and their microstructures were compared by transmission electron microscopy investigation. In the YBCO(100 nm)/LCMO(150 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO layer consists of columnar grains of ~ 17 nm in diameter and contains mixed orientation domains of [100]_c, [010]_c and [001]_c. The YBCO layer is totally c-axis oriented and the YBCO lattices are tilted − 2.5° to + 2.5° as they grew on the rough surfaces of LCMO columnar grains. For the LCMO(140 nm)/YBCO(140 nm) bi-layers, the LCMO/YBCO interface is sharp and flat. The initial 12-nm thickness of the YBCO layer is composed of c-axis oriented domains, and the upper part of YBCO layer is [100] oriented. The LCMO layer was predominantly [001]_c oriented while [100]_c-oriented domains were occasionally observed.     

Syntheses of hollandite type Rb2Cr8O16, K2Cr2V6O16 and K2V8O16

Hollandite-type compounds, Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ and K₂V₈O₁₆, were synthesized under high P-T conditions up to 1200°C and 7GPa. The structural refinement using a single crystal of Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ confirms that the structure is similar to that of K₂Cr₈O₁₆. Magnetic measurements indicate that Rb₂Cr₈O₁₆ is ferromagnetic below 295K, K₂Cr₂V₆O₁₆ paramagnetic down to 77K and K₂V₈O₁₆ has susceptibility anomaly at 175K. These compounds are all semiconductive and show discontinuities in temperature-resistivity curves at points corresponding to magnetic anomalies.     

Vapour-liquid equilibria in the ternary mixtures N2---CH4---C2H6 and N2---C2H6---C3H8

A systematic study was performed with mixtures consisting of N₂, CH₄, C₂H₆ and C₃H₈, to investigate experimentally phase equilibria and caloric properties and to test the accuracy of thermodynamic correlations. The first part of this Paper reports results of T---p---x---y measurements on ternary systems in the range 20 < p < 120 bar and 140 < T < 220 K. The results are compared with data calculated by generalized equations of state.     

PbSbBiS4-Sb2S3 and PbSbBiS4-Bi2S3 joins in the PbS-Sb2S3-Bi2S3 system

Phase equilibria along the PbSbBiS₄-Sb₂S₃ and PbSbBiS₄-Bi₂S₃ joins of the PbS-Sb₂S₃-Bi₂S₃ system have been studied for the first time using differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis, microhardness tests, and density measurements, and the phase diagrams of the joins have been mapped out. The joins are shown to be pseudobinary with limited series of terminal solid solutions. The solid solutions are p-type semiconductors.     

Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7/PrBa2Cu3O7 superlattices

We investigated the structural and superconducting properties ofc-axis oriented (YBa₂Cu₃O₇) _nY /(PrBa₂Cu₃O₇) _npr superlattices with thicknesses of the individual layers down to one unit cell (10nY1; 18>nPr 1). By transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction we find an excellent structural quality of the samples, though the quantitative analysis shows the existence of defects. In superlattices with decoupled YBa₂Cu₃O₇ layers of two unit cell thickness we find a highT _c value of 75 K. We probed the flux line structure in the superlattices by measurements of the critical current density in magnetic fields. The experiments show that the flux-line dynamics is dominated by the movement of pancake vortices.     

Structural study of Sr0.3Ba0.7Nb2O6 and La0.030Sr0.255Ba0.700Nb2O6 ceramic systems

Sr_0.3Ba_0.7Nb₂O₆ (SBN) and La_0.030Sr_0.255Ba_0.700Nb₂O₆ (LSBN) ceramic compounds have been prepared using the traditional ceramic method at two different calcination temperatures (900 and 1000 °C) and later sintered both at 1400 °C. A study of the effects of the calcination temperatures and La substitution on the morphological, compositional, and structural properties of SBN and LSBN is presented using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. From Rietveld refinement processes, the XRD patterns were interpreted to evaluate such effects in the structural parameters and the site occupation factors of the heavy metals and oxygen atoms. The effect of the incorporation of La resulted in a 0.25% cell contraction and turned out to be higher than the 0.08% dilation effect produced by the increase of calcination temperature. The La ion with similar effective ionic radius and higher electronegativity is incorporated into the structure occupying the A₁ site just like the Sr ions in the SBN compound. Differences in the site occupation factors between the SBN and LSBN samples lead to substantial changes in the physical properties such as temperature of relative dielectric constant maximum, relative dielectric constant, and dielectric loss, correlated with the distortion and the relative orientation of the oxygen octahedra.     

The effect of Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 cover layer on the dielectric and tunable properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3/Bi1.5Zn0.5Nb0.5Ti1.5O7 bilayered thin films

Bi_1.5Zn_0.5Nb_0.5Ti_1.5O₇ (BZNT) thin films with different thicknesses as cover layers were deposited on the Ba_0.6Sr_0.4TiO₃ (BST) thin films on the Pt/Ti/SiO₂/Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The microstructure, surface morphology, dielectric and tunable properties of BST/BZNT heterogeneous bilayered films were investigated as a function of the thickness of BZNT films and the effect of BZNT films on the asymmetric electrical properties of BST/BZNT bilayered films was discussed. It was found that BZNT cover layer significantly improved the leakage current and the dielectric loss, and the dielectric constant and tunability of BST/BZNT bilayered thin films simultaneously decreased with the increasing thickness of BZNT films. The BST/BZNT bilayered thin film with a 50 nm BZNT cover layer gave the largest figure of merit (FOM) of 33.48 with the upper tunability of 55.38%. The asymmetric electrical behavior of BST/BZNT bilayered films is probably related to an internal electric field caused by built-in voltages at Pt/BST and BZNT/Au interfaces.