表面改性处理对氧化铝/酚醛树脂粘接强度的影响

利用钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ201、低温等离子体对亚微米Al2O3进行表面改性,改性后的粒子以粉末形式加入稀释后的酚醛树脂中,通过超声振荡作用制备低粘度氧化铝/酚醛树脂粘胶剂。通过红外表征钛酸酯偶联剂和低温等离子体的改性效果。通过TEM分析粒子在酚醛树脂的分散效果。在万能实验机上测试了氧化铝/酚醛树脂粘胶剂的剪切强度。结果表明,钛酸酯偶联剂的改性效果好于低温等离子体,超声作用提高了粒子在树脂的分散性,亚微米Al2O3质量分数为5%时粘胶剂对金属的粘接强度最高。     

纳米碳酸钙的表面改性及其对PVC的增韧改性

采用钛酸酯偶联剂对纳米碳酸钙进行表面改性,并对改性后的粉体进行表征.钛酸酯偶联剂湿法改性纳米碳酸钙的最佳条件为:钛酸酯偶联剂的用量为3%,改性时间为1 h,溶液固含量为20%,改性温度为80 ℃.TEM结果表明,改性后的纳米碳酸钙粉体在环己酮中达到纳米级的分散,IR和TG分析表明,钛酸酯偶联剂主要以化学键的形式包覆在碳酸钙粉体表面,改性后的纳米碳酸钙吸油值显著下降,PVC/CaCO3复合材料的力学性能表明改性后的纳米碳酸钙能使复合材料的冲击强度达19.3 kJ/m2,增韧增强效果明显.     

钛酸酯偶联剂改性纳米MgO的研究

以钛酸酯偶联剂为改性剂,采用超声波分散的方法对纳米氧化镁（MgO）进行了表面改性。研究了偶联剂用量、改性温度、改性时间对纳米MgO表面改性的影响。通过活化指数实验和扫描电镜的方法表征了纳米MgO的改性效果。结果表明：当钛酸酯偶联剂用量为2％（质量分数）,改性温度为50℃,改性时间为60min时,纳米MgO的表面改性效果最好。     

纳米碳酸钙的表面改性

采用钛酸酯偶联剂对纳米碳酸钙进行表面改性,并对改性粉体进行了表征;钛酸酯偶联剂湿法改性纳米碳酸钙的最佳条件为:钛酸酯偶联剂的用量为3%,改性时间为1h,粉体浓度为20%,改性温度为80℃;改性后纳米碳酸钙粉体的吸油值为25.40g DOP/100g CaCO3,活化度为1,表明改性后的纳米碳酸钙已经由亲水性变为疏水性。     

偶联剂表面改性Sb2O3的研究

研究了不同偶联剂表面改性Sb2O3的改性效果和条件,结果发现钛酸酯偶联剂NDZ-101的改性效果最佳,其最佳用量为1．0％与理论计算值相当;当改性时间大于30min,改性温度大于60℃,改性效果趋于稳定。     

纳米SnO2的表面改性研究

用超声处理与偶联剂相结合对纳米SnO2进行表面改性,用沉降体积、激光粒度分析、红外光谱(FTIR)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段时改性效果进行表征。研究了偶联剂的种类和用量等因素时改性效果的影响,并时改性机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明：钛酸酯偶联剂(CT-201)对纳米SnO2的改性效果比硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)好,其最佳用量为纳米SnO2粉体质量的6．5％～7．5％;经钛酸酯偶联刑改性的纳米SnO2在有机溶剂中的分散性大为改善;偶联刑与纳米SnO2之间的作用主要为化学吸附。     

纳米TiO_2的表面改性研究

用钛酸酯偶联剂JSC对纳米TiO2进行表面处理,研究了钛酸酯偶联剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等对纳米TiO2表面改性效果的影响。红外光谱分析结果表明,纳米TiO2表面化学键合有钛酸酯偶联剂的有机官能团,导致其表面极性有所减弱。SEM观察表明,表面改性后纳米TiO2的团聚程度降低,微粒直径大多在20nm左右,偶联反应对原粉末晶型不会产生影响。     

偶联剂改性填料对SMC树脂糊粘度的影响

本文用不同种类的偶联剂对重质碳酸钙进行了化学改性,通过测试树脂糊的粘度,确定了钛酸酯、端胺基多元醇酯、硅烷偶联剂三种偶联剂对碳酸钙的最佳改性温度和用量,钛酸酯改性的最佳温度为90℃、最佳用量为2．0％;端胺基多元醇酯改性的最佳温度为90℃、最佳用量为1．5％;硅烷偶联剂改性的最佳温度为110℃、最佳用量为2．0％。结果表明：偶联剂对碳酸钙具有较明显的改性效果。三种偶联剂相比,钛酸酯偶联剂对填料碳酸钙的改性效果最佳,其次为端胺基多元醇酯偶联剂,硅烷偶联刺的改性效果较差。     

钛酸酯偶联剂改性纳米氧化锌的研究

采用钛酸酯偶联剂对纳米氧化锌进行表面改性，研究钛酸酯偶联剂和异丙醇用量以及改性条件对改性效果的影响。试验结果表明，钛酸酯偶联剂／纳米氧化锌质量比为0．03、异丙醇用量为40．76mL、反应温度为30℃、反应时间为90min时，活化指数达到99．04％；透射电子显微镜观察发现，改性纳米氧化锌的分散性较好。     

不同改性剂对纳米氧化锌的改性效果

采用一系列表面处理方法来改善纳米氧化锌(nano-ZnO)的表面性质,目的是使nano-ZnO的表面从亲水性变成憎水性以及在超声破碎之后阻止粒子的再团聚。通过全自动接触角测量仪、电子扫描显微镜(SEM)和激光纳米粒度仪等表征改性nano-ZnO的憎水效果以及粒径大小。结果表明:所选5种nano-ZnO改性方法中,钛酸酯偶联剂TMC-980型固体偶联剂的改性效果最佳。适量加入可以有效的改变nano-ZnO本身的亲水性以及阻止nano-ZnO的再团聚;TMC-980型固体偶联剂对nano-ZnO的改性存在一个最佳用量,过多或过少都会降低偶联剂的改性效果。依据单层包覆理论及模型,当钛酸酯偶联剂含量为3%时,对nano-ZnO的改性效果最佳。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。