氯甲基化/季铵化新型聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜的研制

本文对含二氮杂萘结构聚芳醚砜酮进行改性制得氯甲基化聚芳醚砜酮。选用N-甲基一2-吡咯烷酮作制膜溶剂，依据正交设计方法制得了一系列氯甲基化聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜。考察了聚合物浓度、添加剂种类和添加量以及制膜蒸发时间等对膜性能的影响。将氯甲基化聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜浸入三甲胺溶液进行季铵化反应，得季铵化聚芳醚砜酮超滤膜。并考察了膜的抗污染性。     

低压季铵化聚砜反渗透膜的性能研究

本文研究了季铵化聚砜反渗透膜的耐酸碱、耐氧化、耐氯等方面的性能;研究了操作条件,如操作压力、进料液温度、NaCl 浓度、浓缩水回流量、操作时间对膜反渗透性能的影响;并分别以CaCl_2,NaCl、MgSO_4、Na_2SO_4等盐溶液为进料液,研究了季铵化聚砜膜的离子选择性。实验表明该膜具有良好的化学稳定性及长期操作稳定性,是一种有发展前途的膜。     

季铵化聚砜和季膦化聚砜共混阴离子交换膜的制备与表征

以聚砜为基材制备阴离子导电膜材料。将季膦化聚砜铸膜液与已证实成膜性能良好的季铵化聚砜共混,制备QAPSFOH/QPPSFOH共混阴离子交换膜,以改善季膦化聚砜成膜困难问题。通过改变两种成分比例,可以得到不同性能的阴离子交换膜。在QAPSF与QPPSF摩尔比为1∶2时,共混膜电导率达0.030 9 S/cm,拉伸强度达775 MPa,热分解温度达160℃,满足实际情况对阴离子交换膜的需要。     

季膦化聚砜和季胺化聚砜共混阴离子交换膜的制备与表征

以聚砜为基材制备阴离子导电膜材料。将季膦化聚砜筑膜液与已证实成膜性能良好的季铵化聚砜共混,制备阴离子交换共混膜QAPSFOH/QPPSFOH,以改善季膦化聚砜成膜困难问题。通过改变两种成分比例,可以得到不同性能的阴离子交换膜。在QAPSF:QPPSF摩尔比为1:2时,共混膜电导率达0.0309 S/cm,拉伸强度达775 MPa,热分解温度达160℃,满足理论对阴离子交换膜的需要。     

聚砜基阴离子交换膜响应面法优化设计及制备

选择低毒、无致癌毒性的材料,创新性地使用冰浴手段,在相对温和的反应条件下制备出氯甲基化聚砜（CMPSF）,并采用响应面法优化了CMPSF的制备条件。结果表明,当冰浴温度3.3℃、三甲基氯硅烷用量15.63 ml、反应温度35℃、溶剂量500 ml、搅拌速度200 r·min^-1、催化剂用量1.52 ml、反应时间40 h时,CMPSF的氯甲基化程度可达最大值1.443 mmol·g^-1。进一步将优化后的CMPSF原料季铵化,最终制得聚砜阴离子交换膜（PSFAEM（。利用FT-IR、¹H NMR和XPS对各产物的化学结构进行了表征,并测定了阴离子交换膜的主要性能,结果表明所制阴膜的离子交换容量为1.2 mmol·g^-1、面电阻为1.05 Ω·cm²、含水量为0.42 g·g^-1、溶胀率为25.47%,由热重分析结果可知季铵基团脱落温度为140℃,所制阴膜的性能满足实际应用中对阴离子交换膜的要求。     

季铵化壳聚糖-聚苯乙烯共混膜的制备及表征

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)为表面活性剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂制备了聚苯乙烯微乳液,用共混法制备了3种不同质量比的季铵化壳聚糖和聚苯乙烯微乳液的共混膜.研究了该膜的温度和pH的敏感性及力学强度.结果表明,共混膜的拉伸强度与纯壳聚糖膜相比有较大提高,而且该膜仍然具有一定的温度敏感性和pH敏感性,有较好的应用价值.     

壳聚糖季铵盐改性聚砜超滤膜的研究

将聚砜的N,N-二甲基乙酰胺溶液与壳聚糖季铵盐的二甲基亚砜溶液共混,其中二甲基亚砜中预先加入适量戊二醛,N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中加入无水氯化锌,以聚酯类无纺布作为支撑层,采用浸没沉淀相转化制备了壳聚糖季铵盐/聚砜共混改性超滤膜并经热处理,通过粘度测试对比了共混溶液与纯聚砜溶液的粘度,通过测试水通量、牛血清蛋白脱除率研究了膜片的分离性能,通过接触角实验和耐污染实验表征了膜的表面亲水性变化和膜片耐污染性,通过扫描电镜观察膜的结构。研究结果表明,共混溶液粘度相比聚砜溶液得到了提高,壳聚糖季铵盐的引入提高了超滤膜的亲水性和耐污染性,相比未共混聚砜膜,季铵化壳聚糖共混改性聚砜膜膜片在膜性能上得到了显著的提高,最优化条件所制得膜片水通量测试结果为70 L/(m2·h),对牛血清蛋白的截留率为99.5%。     

季铵化改性PSA的结构与性能研究

通过氯甲基化反应,制得了氯甲基化聚芳砜酰胺(CMPSA),并研究了聚芳砜酰胺(PSA)氯甲基化反应的影响因素。用流延法制成CMPSA膜,将CMPSA膜通过季铵化反应、离子交换制得了季铵化聚芳砜酰胺(QAPSA)阴离子交换膜。利用FT-IR和1H-NMR对其进行结构表征。并测定了QAPSA膜的离子交换容量(IEC)、离子电导率、吸水率和溶胀度。结果表明,QAPSA阴离子交换膜在室温下离子电导率为1.025×10-2S/cm,且具有良好的尺寸稳定性。     

季铵化水解小麦蛋白质的合成

季铵化水解小麦蛋白质以小麦蛋白粉为原料,经过酶水解和季铵化两个步骤合成。通过实验考察酶催化剂的种类、反应温度、反应时间、反应配比等反应条件对水解及季铵化过程的影响,得到一条切实可行且相对高效的合成路线。     

改性季铵化壳聚糖阴离子交换膜的制备与表征

以壳聚糖（CS）为原料,2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵（GTA）为醚化剂,通过亲核取代反应制备了季铵化壳聚糖（QCS）,用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）表征了产物的结构,结果表明产物结构与目标产物的结构相符。以QCS为原料,醋酸溶液为溶剂,通过加入交联剂戊二醛（GA）和荷正电聚苯乙烯（PS）微球,制备了一系列改性QCS阴离子交换膜,并对其含水率、溶胀度、离子交换量等性能进行了测定。结果表明：交联剂的加入可有效抑制QCS膜的形变,降低了其溶胀度,微乳液的加入会在一定程度上提高复合膜的离子交换能力,交联度为4%、微乳液用量为15%（v/v）时离子交换膜的含水率趋于稳定。     

Preparation of sulfonated polysulfone/polysulfone and aminated polysulfone/polysulfone blend membranes

Sulfonation and amination of polysulfone (PSf) were performed in this study to improve the hydrophilicity of PSf membranes. The sulfonated polysulfone (SPSf) and aminated polysulfone (APSf) membranes with a higher degree of reaction exhibited a higher water flux and worse mechanical strength than that of the original PSf membranes. Therefore, SPSf/PSf and APSf/PSf blended membranes were prepared in this study to improve their individual properties. By altering the formulations of casting solutions and forming conditions of the membranes (e.g., blending ratios of both polymers, additives, evaporation time, and gelation temperature), different SPSf/PSf and APSf/PSf blending membranes were prepared; and their performance in water flux and salt rejection were measured and are discussed. A difference in salt rejection was also observed between both SPSf/PSf and APSf/PSf blending membranes that rejected the various salts. Experimental results indicated that water flux increased and salt rejection decreased with an increase of the SPSf/PSf blending ratio from 1: 9 to 2: 1. The order of salt rejection, in which the SPSf/PSf blended membranes rejected four varieties of salts, was Na₂SO₄ > MgSO₄ > NaCl > MgCl₂. Furthermore, the opposite order was obtained by the APSf/PSf blended membranes. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

正交实验法优化制备复合荷电镶嵌膜

以聚醚砜为基膜,以聚环氧氟丙烷胺及2,5-二胺基苯磺酸混合水溶液(无机相)与三酰氯的正己烷溶液(有机相)通过界面聚合反应,制备了一种新型的复合荷电镶嵌膜.采用正交设计实验方法,研究了界面聚合条件如界面聚合单体的浓度及界面聚合反应时间对膜性能的影响.结果表明:三酰氯的浓度对膜性能的影响最为显著,其次是界面聚合时间,而聚环氧氟丙烷胺的浓度对膜性能的影响最小.优化后所制备的复合膜对盐类的截留率较低(均低于40%).膜能截留低相对分子质量有机物而透过盐,说明该膜可用于盐类与有机物的分离.     

多元线性回归优化聚偏氟乙烯/乙酸纤维素共混微滤膜成膜因素

首先分别以纯水通量、平均泡点压力减最大泡点压力、纯水通量加最大泡点压力减平均泡点压力作为考察PVDF/CA共混微滤膜的性能指标,设计了9因素4水平的正交实验表L₃₂(4⁹)并进行实验,其次采用标准化系数矩阵的多元线性回归模型对实验数据进行处理。结果表明：当以纯水通量为目标函数时,共混比、固含量、添加剂含量、凝胶浴温度是影响因子;当以平均泡点压力减最大泡点压力为目标函数时,固含量是影响因子;当以纯水通量加最大泡点压力减平均泡点压力为目标函数时,固含量是影响因子。结合环境扫描电镜照片对实验结果的综合分析后确定,当共混比、固含量、添加剂含量和凝胶浴温度分别为4∶1、12%、2%～3%和30～35℃时,即可制得性能较好的PVDF/CA微滤膜。     

Preparation of a novel phthalimidomethylated polysulfone/unmodified polysulfone blend affinity membrane and applications for removal of p‐nitrophenol

A novel phthalimidomethyl polysulfone (PIPSf)/polysulfone(PSf) blend affinity membrane was prepared and applied for the removal of p‐nitrophenol from aqueous solutions. In this work, the chloromethylated polysulfone (CMPSf) was used to introduce phthalimido groups onto the polysulfone backbone by Gabriel reaction. The polymers can be easy to phthalimidomethylate to different degrees by control of the reaction temperature and time. Structures of the resulting polymers were confirmed by FT‐IR. The obtained polymers showed good solubility in dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide and formed the affinity membrane blending with polysulfone at different blend compositions by the phase‐inversion method. Thus the properties of films were characterized with respect to water flux, pore size, and porosity. The surface and cross‐sectional views of the blend membranes were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The research on treatment of removal p‐nitrophenol was carried out by affinity membrane process. The adsorption capacity increased with increasing the initial concentration of p‐nitrophenol in aqueous solution, and the adsorption isotherm fitted the Freundlichmodel well. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

洗面奶微波消解处理条件的正交试验设计优化

建立了洗面奶微波消解处理条件的优化方法,通过L9(34)正交试验设计,优化了微波消解洗面奶过程中的3个主要影响因素,得到合适的处理条件为:以5 mL硝酸消解0.5 g洗面奶,消解时间为10 min,消解温度为150℃。结果表明,在此处理条件下,对不同样品检测的回收率为94.12%～104.26%,相对标准偏差为0.68%～2.03%。     

Optimization of preparation conditions of carboxymethyl potato starch through orthogonal experimental design

To optimize the preparation conditions of carboxymethyl potato starch (CMPS), the effects of relevant factors on viscosity (η) of 2% CMPS aqueous solution and degree of substitution (DS) were investigated. These condition parameters included etherification temperature, alkalization and etherification time, water content in the mixed solvent, ratio of liquid volume to starch mass, molar ratio of sodium hydroxide to monochloroacetic acid, and molar ratio of monochloroacetic acid to anhydroglucose unit. After individual parameter influencing η and DS was researched one by one, an orthogonal experiment of L₁₈ (2 × 3⁷) was designed to identify the main factors affecting them. In light of range analysis, the comparative importance of factors impacting η and DS was obtained, separately. Results of variance analysis showed that the most effective factor to control DS was etherification temperature, whereas the influences of all factors on η were not significant. Meanwhile, η and DS of the optimized final product were found to be 12,000 mPa.s and 0.68, respectively. In addition, the structure of CMPS was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

正交试验法PEI气体分离膜制备条件的优化

以N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)为溶剂,水为非溶剂,相转化法制备聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)气体分离膜.采用正交试验法对制备过程中PEI浓度、蒸发时间、凝胶浴温度等影响气体分离膜性能的因素进行了优化.该膜在20℃、0.5MPa下,对N2、H2的分离系数高于40,得到了制备PEI气体分离膜的较佳制备条件.     

Influence of the degree of substitution on the solution properties of chloromethylated polysulfone

The conformational behavior and unperturbed dimensions of polysulfone and chloromethylated polysulfone with different degrees of substitution were investigated by viscometry in N,N‐dimethylformamide; we intended to use these results with more complicated structures with different properties and applications. The effects of concentration and temperature on the coil densities and dimensions and of chlorine content on the unperturbed dimension parameters are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 524–531, 2006     

正交试验方法在硅橡胶/EPDM泡沫中的研究

试验了硫化活性剂对硅橡胶/三元乙丙胶（EPDM）共混胶力学性能与发泡效果的影响，并对硅橡胶/EPDM泡沫进行了正交设计试验、回归分析，获得了表征橡胶泡沫配方性能的关系式。试验表明，硫化活性剂具有提高泡沫材料的力学性能的作用，正交试验能够得大量的试验信息，回归关系式具有较高的可信度（0.95)，与验证值符合较好。     

磺化聚醚砜(SPES)/聚砜(PSF)共混超滤膜的研制

以磺化聚醚砜(SPES)和聚砜(PSF)为膜材料,用共混法制备了SPES/PSF超滤膜。采用均匀实验设计法,研究了SPES/PSF共混超滤膜的制膜工艺,并通过回归分析得到了水通量的模型方程。根据模型方程,作者进行了单因素影响模拟计算,考察共混比、聚合物总浓度、添加剂浓度等对水通量的影响。结果表明:根据最优配方所制备的SPES/PSF膜的水通量为93.1 L/(m2.h),对聚乙烯醇的截留率达93.37%。