菜籽饼粕中植酸新提取方法研究

本文研究了沉淀剂法直接从菜籽饼粕中提取植酸。结果表明：碳酸钠、磷酸钠和草酸盐等三种沉淀剂中，以草酸盐溶液提取植酸的效果最好；当以草酸盐为提取剂时，提取最佳工艺条件为草酸盐浓度为0．05mol／L、pH为6．5-7．5、料液比为1：8-1：10、温度为30℃、浸提时间为3h。本文还详细地探讨了沉淀剂法提取菜籽饼粕中植酸的原理。     

南瓜多糖超声波提取条件的优化

用单因素分析和正交试验研究了南瓜多糖的超声波提取，确定的优化条件为：提取时间10min，料液比（g：mL）1：25，提取温度60℃，超声波功率80w，样品中南瓜多糖提取量为42．6mg／g。     

中性蛋白酶酶解提取牡蛎牛磺酸工艺条件研究

研究了中性蛋白酶酶解温度、加酶量、pH、料液比对牡蛎中牛磺酸提取工艺条件的影响。结果表明：酶解温度40℃,加酶量1000u／g,pH7．2,料液比1：9（g／L）,在此条件下酶解5h,测得牛磺酸提取量达到2．623mg／g。     

超声辅助法提取黑豆中植酸工艺的研究

响应面法优化黑豆中植酸的超声波提取工艺。以10%硫酸钠-盐酸作为浸提液,植酸得率作为指标进行单因素试验,在此基础上,选择pH、料液比、温度、超声功率进行响应面试验设计。结果显示最佳提取条件为：提取液pH 2,料液比1:14 g/mL,温度60 ℃,超声功率240 W,时间20 min,植酸得率为12.39 mg/g。相对于振荡提取法,植酸得率提升13.56%,减少了溶剂的使用量,缩短了提取时间。所建立的超声波提取方法能够充分提取黑豆中的植酸,可为黑豆植酸的其他研究提供技术支持。     

超声辅助提取松仁蛋白工艺的响应面法优化

以脱脂红松松仁粉为原料,采用超声辅助技术提取松仁蛋白,研究超声时间、提取温度、溶液pH和料液比四因素对蛋白提取率的影响,进行响应面试验设计分析。以蛋白得率为指标,通过响应面法对提取工艺条件进行优化,最终确定超声波法提取松仁蛋白质的最优条件为：超声时间100min、提取温度48．38℃、溶液pH10．0和料液比1：24．61（g／mL）,在此条件下提取松仁蛋白的得率为233．23mg/g。     

山核桃饼粕蛋白的酶辅助碱法提取工艺优化

以冷榨山核桃饼粕为原料，采用酶辅助碱法提取山核桃蛋白。以提取率为指标，在单因素试验的基础上通过正交试验优化提取工艺，并分析其分子质量。结果表明：最优工艺为pH 10.0、碱性蛋白酶添加量1 000 U/g、料液比1∶16(g/mL)、提取时间1.5 h、提取温度60℃,在此条件下得蛋白质提取率为84.8%;采用连续控制提取液pH恒定法，提取率可提高至89.7%。山核桃饼粕蛋白亚基分子质量为10～70 kDa。     

赤灵芝中水溶性蛋白响应面法优化提取

以赤灵芝为原料提取水溶性蛋白,比较了浸提时间、温度、pH、液料比及提取次数对水溶性蛋白提取率的影响,并以浸提时间,温度、pH以及液料比为考察因素,采用RSA响应面分析法,确定了水溶性蛋白提取的最佳工艺参数,即液料比34.42 mL/g,浸提温度26.56℃,浸提时间8.87 h,pH 8.89.在此优化工艺下水溶性蛋白提取率预测值为82.59 mg/g,验证实验中实际测得水溶性蛋白提取率为81.35 mg/g,预测值与实际值无显著差异.     

响应面法优化桂皮胶的提取工艺

对高温高压条件下以水作为提取剂提取桂皮胶的工艺进行研究。在粉碎粒度、pH、料液比、提取温度、提取时间5个因素的单因素实验基础上,采用响应面分析法建立多元统计回归模型,考察桂皮胶提取过程中的四个主要影响因子即pH、料液比、提取温度、提取时间及其交互作用对提取量的影响。结果表明高压浸提法提取桂皮胶最佳工艺条件为pH5.0,料液比1:44(g/mL),提取温度125℃,提取时间31 min,在此最佳工艺条件下进行验证得到桂皮胶提取量为186.5 mg/g,与预测值187.1219 mg/g接近。桂皮胶提取物中总糖含量达到96.06%,采用此模型对桂皮胶提取量进行优化具有可行性。     

响应面法优化脱脂米糠制备植酸钙的工艺研究

本研究通过单因素试验和响应面法,优化了脱脂米糠制备植酸钙的工艺。以pH值、搅拌时间、温度、液料比为因素,以植酸钙质量和P2O3含量为响应值对试验进行响应面设计,建立了植酸钙质量、P2O5含量的回归模型。优化得到最佳工艺条件为pH值2．34、搅拌时间2．46h、温度为53．22℃、液料比为10．82：1,在此条件下植酸钙质量可达到1．6815g,P2O5含量可达到33．05％。     

响应面法优化脱脂米糠植酸提取工艺

利用响应面分析法优化了脱脂米糠中植酸的提取工艺条件,建立了植酸提取的二次多项式数学模型。在单因素试验基础上,选择pH、液料比、提取时间和提取温度为自变量,植酸得率和残渣蛋白质量为响应值,响应面优化得出最佳工艺条件为:pH3.9,液料比9∶1,提取时间4.4h,提取温度50℃。在最佳工艺条件下,植酸得率为5.27%,残渣蛋白质量为1.4034g(10g原料脱脂米糠)。在响应面优化工艺的基础上,选择了一浸一洗的浸提方式,并利用阴、阳离子交换树脂纯化了植酸粗溶液,浓缩得到了50%植酸溶液,植酸纯度为94.72%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the