意大利的鲜食葡萄品种

意大利的鲜食葡萄年产量为150万吨,居欧洲第一位,占欧洲年产量的44.6%。主产区位于能生产高产优质葡萄、有熟练劳动力、生产成本低的Puglia、Sicilia、Abruzzo、Metaponto和Lazio地区。Puglia为最大产区,产量超过100万吨,其次为Sicilia,30万吨,Abruzzo,10万吨。意大利的鲜食葡萄年出口量为55万吨,价值约8000亿里拉。出口对象包括德国、法国、比利时、荷兰以及波兰等。意大利的鲜食葡萄有很多品种,但满足市场要求而又重要的品种仅约有10个。从产量上看,“意大利”约占60％～70%,“保尔加尔”约18%,其它品种有“瑞必尔”、“…     

更新摩尔多瓦鲜食葡萄品种种类

摩尔多瓦共和国的鲜食品种葡萄所占面积不大(约计26000公倾),按照其生物学特性和工艺性,则现有的区划种植品种种类还不能充分满足市场的需求.而且绝大多数品种的抗寒性和抗主要病虫害能力较差.成熟期为极早、早和较早熟的品种则是最薄弱     

美国密歇根州主要鲜食葡萄品种

在美国果品市场中，鲜食葡萄占有重要地位。25年来，葡萄的人均消费量增加了4倍，目前人均年消费量已超过7磅，继香蕉、苹果、柑橘之后排第四位。由于密歇根地区良好的气候、土壤条件，非常适合葡萄生长。通过多年研究，选出了一些表现良好、有推广价值的鲜食葡萄品种。目前有核葡萄品种的种植面积越来越少，无核品种愈来愈受消费者的欢迎。     

几个鲜食葡萄品种引种试验小结

几个鲜食葡萄品种引种试验小结刘占元，刘庆军，刘献军，董爱祥，李素国（河北省元氏县黎民葡萄科技研究所０５１１３０）自１９８６年起，先后引进葡萄品种１００多个，开展了鲜食葡萄品种的引种试验，经观察比较，筛选出一批适应性强，综合效益高的新优鲜食葡萄品种，繁...     

鲜食葡萄品种“优妮坤”简介

优妮坤为日本鲜食葡萄品种,亲本不详。１９９０ 年从日本山形县园艺试验场引入试栽,该品种在吉林地区表现为丰产、优质、抗寒、耐贮运、适应性强等优良特性。１９９８ 年通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会审定并命名,现已在吉林省的部分地区大面积推广。     

烟台地区主要酿酒葡萄品种叶形结构参数分析及标准化描述

本试验利用法国著名葡萄分类学家皮埃尔·嘎勒的葡萄叶片表现型分类方法,对烟台葡萄产区主栽酿酒品种的叶形结构参数进行测量分析和叶片的标准化描述。结果表明,12个品种的9个叶形参数方差分析结果均达到差异显著水平,可作为鉴别葡萄品种的叶片参数指标,但以SS、SI、6、ε和S等5个参数鉴别效果最为明显。利用该方法建立葡萄品种资源数据库,既有利于品种资源信息收集,实现品种标准化描述,也有利于对生产中容易混淆的品种进行直观准确鉴别。     

欧亚种鲜食葡萄品种避雨栽培初报

近几年来，我公司葡萄园采取大棚避雨设施，栽培耐湿、抗病性弱的高品质欧亚种鲜食葡萄已初获成功。大批量鲜果投入超市和水果批发市场，取得了良好的经济和社会效益。公司于1996～1997年建园，先后栽种欧亚种葡萄脱毒苗1.8万多株，并于次年建成单栋大棚（6m×30m×2m）413个，连体大棚（18m×30m× m）40个，折实面积10公顷。采用棚面覆塑膜避雨栽培，以模拟北方少雨干燥生态环境。主栽品种为秋红和意大利，副栽品种有绯红、森田尼无核、里查马特、高千穗和红地球等10多个品种。通过5～6年的生产实践证明，表现优质、丰产的良种首推秋红和…     

鲜食葡萄晚熟品种晚红,秋红,秋黑引种简报

鲜食葡萄晚熟品种晚红、秋红、秋黑引种简报严大义，郭修武，傅望衡，李成祥，才淑英，李轶辉（沈阳农业大学１１０１６１）刘庚秋（锦州市太和畜牧农场）我们于１９８３年以来，先后从美国引入几十个鲜食葡萄新品种试栽。通过试验观察，已陆续筛选出一批高产、优质、高效...     

几个鲜食葡萄品种抗盐性比较研究

采用盆栽试验的方法,研究了盐胁迫对几种鲜食葡萄品种的电导率、丙二醛含量、超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶含量的影响。结果表明:不同鲜食葡萄品种抗盐性存在着明显的差别,它们抗盐性强弱依次为矢富罗莎京秀红地球美人指乍娜奥古斯特。     

略论云南鲜食葡萄早熟栽培

本文论述了云南早春降水少、空气干燥、光热资源丰富等有利的自然条件，为葡萄早熟栽培和建立大面积的鲜食葡萄基地提供了有利条件。同时也指出了低温、霜冻、洪涝和冰雹等不利的气候因素及其避免和防范措施。提出了选择适宜的园地、采用良种、设施栽培，合理负载，乙烯利催熟、应用石灰氮打破休眠，以及对病虫害综合防治等技术措施，生产优质早熟葡萄，以“人无我有”开拓国内外市场，逐步形成新的支柱产业。     

烟台地区酿酒葡萄品种对炭疽病的抗性研究

以烟台地区的5个酿酒葡萄品种为试材,调查了田间炭疽病的发病情况,并对各品种进行了室内果实离体抗病性鉴定。结果发现,5个葡萄品种在田间自然发病条件下炭疽病发病情况不同,抗性存在明显差异,与室内抗病性鉴定结果基本一致。其中蛇龙珠和梅鹿辄抗性强,赤霞珠次之,西拉和霞多丽最易感病。     

利用计算机快速测定葡萄叶面积的方法研究

试验通过数码照相获取葡萄叶片图像,利用图形处理软件CorelDRAW11.0获得叶缘的矢量化图形,然后利用AUTOCAD2002,可快速测量出叶面积和周长.测量结果与叶面积仪法之间达到极显著相关.使用CorelDRAW对叶片边缘进行自动矢量化可以极大提高计算机测量效率.用该方法测量酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠、品丽珠,蛇龙珠和梅鹿辄的叶片面积和周长数值,方差分析和多重检验表明,面积、周长及其比值(R)3个参数可以较好的区分4个品种.计算机图形处理技术测定葡萄叶面积的方法可以对现有葡萄叶形结构参数进行优化,也为其他植物叶面积的测量提供一种新的思路.     

Effects of passive and active modified atmosphere packaging conditions on ready-to-eat table grape

The effects of passive and active modified atmosphere packaging conditions (MAP) on quality of packaged table grape were investigated. To this aim, three films made up of oriented polypropylene and characterized by a different thickness (20, 40 and 80 μm, respectively) were used to package the grape in air (passive MAP) and under three different initial headspace gas compositions (active MAP). As controls, grape samples were also stored without packaging. During a prolonged storage period at refrigerated temperature (5 °C) the headspace gas concentrations, the mass loss, the microbiological stability and the sensory acceptability were monitored. Results obtained highlight that all selected packaging films significantly prevent product decay, thus promoting a substantial shelf life prolongation, if compared to the unpackaged product. In particular, the best results were recorded with the thickest polymeric matrix sealed in air, that assured a shelf life more than 70 days. The active MAPs were not found significant for a shelf life prolongation, due to the fast equilibrium of gas reached in the bags and due to a more pronounced product dehydration.     

Classification of South African red and white wines according to grape variety based on the non-coloured phenolic content

The phenolic content of South African wines was investigated for the purpose of their classification according to variety or cultivar. Twenty-two phenolic compounds were quantified by liquid chromatography in 55 red wines of five varieties and in 38 white wines of three varieties. Data were compared to literature values reported for wines from across the globe. ANOVA was used to determine significant concentration differences between the different varieties. Further grouping of the data was investigated by principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Finally, linear discriminant analysis was used to derive classification functions for the effective recognition of red and white wine varieties which allowed 100.0% and 97.4% correct recognition of red and white wines, respectively.     

葡萄砧木及酿酒品种抗寒性比较

利用电解质外渗率法和恢复生长法对11个葡萄砧木品种(3309C、5BB、河岸、110R、Fercal、SO4、1103P、8B、贝达、MRH20、Beaument)和5含酿酒葡萄品种(霞多丽、西拉、赤霞珠、梅鹿辄、香百川)的抗寒性进行了鉴定。结果表明:葡萄砧木的抗寒性明显强于酿酒品种。不同砧木及酿酒品种的抗寒性也存在着明显差别,砧木抗寒性强弱依次为贝达>MRH20、5BB>110R>3309C>SO4>Fercal>河岸葡萄、8B>Beaumont、1103P;酿酒葡萄品种抗寒性强弱依次为香百川>霞多丽、赤霞珠>西拉>梅鹿辄。     

六个早熟鲜食葡萄品种果实香气成分分析

以亲本‘葡萄园皇后’‘红香蕉’和子代‘丰宝’‘红双味’‘贵妃玫瑰’‘黑香蕉’6个早熟鲜食葡萄品种为试材,采用顶空固相微萃取结合气质联用技术对其果实的香气成分进行分析测定,调查各品种成熟果实的芳香物质差异。结果表明,成熟果实中C6化合物含量高,是贡献最大的挥发性化合物,其中相对含量最高的是具有青草、草本香气的2-己烯醛和己醛;烯烃类、酯类是构成不同品种葡萄特征香气的重要组成,其中反式-β-紫罗兰酮、里那醇、香茅醇等具有玫瑰花香的化合物的气味活性值高,对‘贵妃玫瑰’‘葡萄园皇后’贡献较大;具有果香、香蕉香气的己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯的气味活性值高对‘红香蕉’‘黑香蕉’的贡献突出。     

Multivariate characterization of table olives according to their mineral nutrient composition

Different commercial presentations of table olives were characterized by their mineral compositions. Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, Mg, Na, K, and P were determined. The processing of table olives affects the mineral content of commercial presentations and significant differences (p < 0.05) were found among green (Spanish style), directly brined, and ripe olives. A predictive discriminate analysis showed that the most discriminating elements were Fe, K, Na, Mn, Cu, and P (among styles) and with Ca (among cultivars). A good classification and cross-validation was observed in the case of elaboration styles but discrimination among cultivars was less conclusive. A further analysis of the confusion matrix, according to cultivars, showed that the lower classification efficiency, in this case, was mainly due to misclassification of samples from Manzanilla and Gordal cultivars. The analysis of the confusion matrix can be useful when the assessment of its results is not obvious.     

新疆地区鲜食葡萄花果管理集约化技术的研究

选用5年生红地球和弗雷无核,进行了集约化管理模式下的定穗、疏果、套袋等花果管理实验,通过比较不同定穗方式、疏果标准、疏果方法和套袋类型,确定了适宜的鲜食葡萄花果管理集约化技术.定穗时弱枝不留果、壮枝留1穗果,红地球葡萄结果枝不做连续结果,弗雷无核壮结果枝可做连续结果;疏果时可在花前拉长果穗的基础上用“两剪拉臂式”疏果方法进行,红地球葡萄每穗留60粒果,弗雷无核每穗留80粒果;在西部地区应选用无纺布袋作为葡萄套袋,在起到防病、防水、防尘作用的同时,避免成熟延迟、果粒变小和日灼等现象的发生.