时空数据表达研究

描述了目前时态数据模型和时空数据模型的发展,现已共识时态是任何信息的一个重要属性,但是时态数据库中时态关系代数的基本思路是通过在关系模式上显式化时变语义来进行简单结构的时态数据建模,而时空数据建模中时态对象代数是在对象结构上显式化时变语义来进行复杂结构的时态数据建模,并深入探讨了时空数据模型中地理信息的时间维表达方式,指出了各种时空数据模型存在的主要问题。     

时态数据库的可视化方法与技术

1 引言时态数据库是将时间的概念结合到传统的数据库中。近十年来,人们对此所作的许多研究主要集中在把关系数据模型扩展为时态模型以及(或)把关系查询语言SQL和Quel扩展为时态的模式。除了强调关系模型之外,也有一些研究是将ER和其他的语义数据模型扩展到时态方面。时态数据模型的形式化和时态数据库的物理数据组织结构也受到了人们的关注。     

时空数据库中数据建模的研究

研究了时空数据库中的时空建模技术。早期表示时空信息的数据模型通常用基于几何学的空间对象来表示实体，重要的特性都用空间对象的属性来表示。时态信息可以与基于时间戳的独立层次相关联，也可以与独立的空间对象相关联。随着时空建模的进一步发展，出现了面向对象的数据模型和基于事件的数据模型。综合研究了这些典型的时空数据模型，讨论了它们的应用及时空分析建模的作用。此外介绍了针对移动对象的数据类型的建模方法，以及在时空分析数据库管理系统STADBS中，基于Realms的二级平衡二叉树的时空数据模型。     

有效的BCDM时态信息简化方法

时态信息是管理决策中的重要支持信息,需求的不同造就了时态信息不同的表示方法.随着数据库与信息技术的深入发展,越来越需要简单高效的时态数据模型以方便时态信息的表示与处理.介绍了BCDM模型及其时态表示思想,讨论了模型中事务时间和有效时间表示在查询优化时存在的问题,提出了一种基于BCDM的时态信息简化方法,不但能够有效的保存数据库现有的时态信息,而且能够大大简化有效时间的表示,为时态数据的查询优化奠定了良好基础.     

一种时空四维数据模型

现有的地理信息系统软件一般没有考虑时间因素,难以处理时态现象。本文在对多种时态数据模型进行分析,对一些时间概念进行讨论之后,提出了一种面向对象的时空数据模型并对它的数据结构进行了描述。     

PowerDesigner和ModelMaker

PowerDesigner是SYBASE公司开发的数据库建模工具，它将物理数据模型，概念数据模型以及新增加的对象建模功能很好地结合在一起，并同时支持数据库建模的正向和逆向工程，能直接根据数据模型生成包括SQL SERVER在内的多种创建数据库脚本；     

模糊时态数据库关系代数演算规则分析

为了解决时态数据库对客观世界更符合实际抽象描述,能有效表示和处理复杂对象的模糊时态特性,从基本模糊时态数据模型入手,定义了一系列模糊时态关系操作元素,并论证了模糊时态区间关系代数的语法和语义,建立了一个能描述模糊时态信息的关系代数理论体系.避免了时态数据库不能提供表达模糊时态信息的环境设施,也增强了现有的时态数据库描述模糊事物特性的能力.     

基于差异化存储的时空数据库的设计与实现

首先简要分析了时空数据库的功能和特点及几种典型的时空数据模型。然后在面向对象时空数据模型的基础上引入了差异化版本存储的概念,讨论了借助版本差异信息设计一种历史数据冗余小,当前数据利用率高的时空数据模型的基本方法。最后实现了一个具有基本时态功能且能有效平衡数据库存储容量和系统执行效率的地理信息管理系统。     

面向对象的3级结构时空数据模型

时态GIS的组织核心是地理时空数据库。时空数据模型则是时空数据库的基础。文中对已有的时态属性数据表达方法，时空数据模型进行了系统的分析。对设计时空数据模型所必须解决的问题进行了讨论。从面向对象的基本概念出发，着重阐述了面向对象时空数据模型的设计方法，完整地定义和描述了时空数据模型所涉及的时空对象类型。文中还对模型的时态属性数据组织和空间对象的时态处理进行了描述。     

基于BCDM的双时态关系代数

双时态概念数据模型BCDM是一种重要的时态数据库模型，基于BCDM模型，建立了一种双时态关系代数．首先，对时态数据库事务时间和有效时间进行规范化的定义，给出BCDM中时间元素的规范化定义和演算描述；而后，定义时态映射，用以描述BCDM中的双时态元组，并形式描述时态映射的演算；最后，用时态映射定义的元组对双时态关系进行定义，并由此给出双时态关系代数运算的形式化描述．     

双时态理论在空间数据模型中的应用

根据空间数据库的发展需要,该文将时态信息管理领域中的双时态理论引入到其中,形成了一个可处理时间事务信息的时空数据概念模型。该模型在配电信息系统中得到了应用。     

A conceptual schema-based temporal meta database schemas generation technique for 3D objects

In this paper, a temporal meta database for three-dimensional (3D) objects whose properties and relationships are supported by valid time is introduced. Based on our proposed temporal object-oriented conceptual schema model, a conceptual schema of the temporal meta database can be generated from a 3D graphical data source and other particular application requirements. Based on our proposed temporal object relational data model with attribute timestamping, logical schemas of the temporal meta database can be systematically and automatically generated from the conceptual schema. From the temporal meta database, non-temporal/temporal metadata about temporal 3D objects are available for temporal information system users. Convenient access using database languages such as SQL can be performed. Queries over 3D objects using a temporal object relational SQL are demonstrated.     

A dynamic data model for mobile GIS

A fast response time is a major objective for Mobile Geographic Information System (GIS) applications. This study provides a solution for improving the performance of response time by a dynamic data model. A conceptual dynamic data model is proposed, which covers (a) “position” information of selected geographic objects relevant to the GIS user's interest within his current location, (b) the selected attribute information in which the mobile GIS user is interested. In this approach, first, the attribute information is selected through a validating process making use of the temporal and attribute filters. Second, a specially designed dynamic database is employed to enable the implementation of the conceptual dynamic data model. This dynamic database is continually updated in accordance with the spatial, temporal and attribute constraints specified for the conceptual model. This design of a dynamic data model increases the availability of spatial data to mobile GIS users by providing up to date accurate information relevant to the area of interest, in a limited communication bandwidth. Third, an experimental study has been conducted and the results demonstrate that by using a dynamic database the response time can be reduced to one-third of that of a conventional database. The response time performance can be further improved as the size of the database is increased.     

An integrated temporal data model incorporating time series concept

Most temporal data models have concentrated on describing temporal data based on versioning of objects, tuples or attributes. The concept of time series, which is often needed in temporal applications, does not fit well within these models. The goal of this paper is to propose a generalized temporal database model that integrates the modeling of both version-based and time-series based temporal data into a single conceptual framework. The concept of calendar is also integrated into our proposed model. We also discuss how a conceptual Extended-ER design in our model can be mapped to an object-oriented or relational database implementation.     

农田信息系统中时态数据冗余问题的研究

数据冗余问题一直是时态关系数据库存储时不可避免的问题。分析了几种时态关系模型在数据存储上的缺陷,结合函数依赖的概念和时态关系模型。在以时态函数依赖度为依据的基础上提出了一种时态函数依赖关系模型,并将此模型成功应用于农田信系统中,使农田信息数据冗余大量减少,并在一定程度上缩短了数据库操作查询时间,提高了效率。     

Augmenting a conceptual model with geospatiotemporal annotations

While many real-world applications need to organize data based on space (e.g., geology, geomarketing, environmental modeling) and/or time (e.g., accounting, inventory management, personnel management), existing conventional conceptual models do not provide a straightforward mechanism to explicitly capture the associated spatial and temporal semantics. As a result, it is left to database designers to discover, design, and implement - on an ad hoc basis - the temporal and spatial concepts that they need. We propose an annotation-based approach that allows a database designer to focus first on nontemporal and nongeospatial aspects (i.e., "what") of the application and, subsequently, augment the conceptual schema with geospatiotemporal annotations (i.e., "when" and "where"). Via annotations, we enable a supplementary level of abstraction that succinctly encapsulates the geospatiotemporal data semantics and naturally extends the semantics of a conventional conceptual model. An overarching assumption in conceptual modeling has always been that expressiveness and formality need to be balanced with simplicity. We posit that our formally defined annotation-based approach is net only expressive, but also straightforward to understand and implement.     

SEAM: A state-entity-activity-model for a well-defined workflowdevelopment methodology

Current conceptual workflow models use either informally defined conceptual models or several formally defined conceptual models that capture different aspects of the workflow, e.g., the data, process, and organizational aspects of the workflow. To the best of our knowledge, there are no algorithms that can amalgamate these models to yield a single view of reality. A fragmented conceptual view is useful for systems analysis and documentation. However, it fails to realize the potential of conceptual models to provide a convenient interface to automate the design and management of workflows. First, as a step toward accomplishing this objective, we propose SEAM (State-Entity-Activity-Model), a conceptual workflow model defined in terms of set theory. Second, no attempt has been made, to the best of our knowledge, to incorporate time into a conceptual workflow model. SEAM incorporates the temporal aspect of workflows. Third, we apply SEAM to a real-life organizational unit's workflows. In this work, we show a subset of the workflows modeled for this organization using SEAM. We also demonstrate, via a prototype application, how the SEAM schema can be implemented on a relational database management system. We present the lessons we learned about the advantages obtained for the organization and, for developers who choose to use SEAM, we also present potential pitfalls in using the SEAM methodology to build workflow systems on relational platforms. The information contained in this work is sufficient enough to allow application developers to utilize SEAM as a methodology to analyze, design, and construct workflow applications on current relational database management systems. The definition of SEAM as a context-free grammar, definition of its semantics, and its mapping to relational platforms should be sufficient also, to allow the construction of an automated workflow design and construction tool with SEAM as the user interface     

云环境下图数据库建模技术及其应用研究

针对云环境下传统关系型数据库在大数据库建模方面存在的诸多问题,描述了一种全新的能适应云计算环境建模的图数据库,定义了图数据库模型的基本概念,给出了图数据库建模元素及组织形式,在关系型数据库概念模型建模理论及方法的基础上提出了图数据库建模的若干规则和方法。以图数据库Neo4j为例,详细描述了现代物料入库管理图数据库的建模过程,并应用Cypher语言实现该系统模型的增加、删除、更改、查询及统计功能。实践结果表明：利用图数据库建模技术构造的模型具有语义表达更丰富、更具简易性和可扩展性等优点,对开发基于图模型的智能管理信息系统能够提供一定的参考依据。