自底向上的图像显著目标检测研究

针对传统的图像显著性检测造成显 著目标误检的问题,本文通过采用Harris角点检测算子以及计算机形态学中的凸包理 论,得到改进的中心先验 图像显著性检测系数,进而利用小波变换(WT)在时域和频域上的局部特征信息表征能力 得到局部特征 显著图像,以及采用谱残差(SR)的图像处理方法获取全局特征的显著图像,提出一种基于改 进图像中心先验理 论的自底向上的图像显著目标检测方法。实验结果表明,与现有的图像显著性检测模型相比 ,本文提出的模型检测准确率更好,检测效果也更好。     

Data compression by redundancy reduction

Because of the increasingly pressing problem of spectrum overcrowding in data transmission channels, it is becoming more and more necessary to develop schemes to optimize the use of the available frequencies. The Proceedings of the IEEE is devoting its March issue to the subject of ``Redundancy Reduction and Bandwidth Saving.' This article, timed to coincide with the Proceedings issue, briefly describes some of the salient features of the various approaches to redundancy reduction.     

Consecutive reduction of 2-dimensional redundancy

A source-encoding scheme for reducing the 2-dimensional redundancy of facsimile pictures is presented. Each scanning line is decomposed into two subsequences in which a great part of the interline correlation is eliminated. These are then compressed separately with 1-dimensional run-length codes.     

Removing label ambiguity in learning-based visual saliency estimation

Visual saliency is a useful clue to depict visually important image/video contents in many multimedia applications. In visual saliency estimation, a feasible solution is to learn a "feature-saliency" mapping model from the user data obtained by manually labeling activities or eye-tracking devices. However, label ambiguities may also arise due to the inaccurate and inadequate user data. To process the noisy training data, we propose a multi-instance learning to rank approach for visual saliency estimation. In our approach, the correlations between various image patches are incorporated into an ordinal regression framework. By iteratively refining a ranking model and relabeling the image patches with respect to their mutual correlations, the label ambiguities can be effectively removed from the training data. Consequently, visual saliency can be effectively estimated by the ranking model, which can pop out real targets and suppress real distractors. Extensive experiments on two public image data sets show that our approach outperforms 11 state-of-the-art methods remarkably in visual saliency estimation.     

基于场景偏振冗余估计的非均匀校正

由于红外偏振焦平面的异构特性,在非均匀校正过程中需要考虑不同检偏通道的响应差异对整体校正效果的影响,其非均匀校正问题相较同构的普通红外焦平面更为复杂。针对红外偏振焦平面的非均匀校正问题,提出了一种基于场景偏振冗余估计的非均匀校正算法,通过对场景图像和由场景图像计算得到的偏振冗余估计图像进行统计,得到整个焦平面上所有像元响应在统计特性上的差异,然后分通道从两个方向对这些差异进行比较分析,得到更新后的增益校正系数,再通过辐射重定标抑制由于静止场景所造成的鬼影,得到当前状态下相机的增益校正系数。在这个过程中,通过偏振冗余估计评价之前的校正系数,自适应地实现增益校正系数的更新。最后使用真实场景数据进行测试,结果表明本文所提出的非均匀校正算法有效提高了所获取偏振图像的准确性。     

A new deep spatial transformer convolutional neural network for image saliency detection

In this paper we propose a novel deep spatial transformer convolutional neural network (Spatial Net) framework for the detection of salient and abnormal areas in images. The proposed method is general and has three main parts: (1) context information in the image is captured by using convolutional neural networks (CNN) to automatically learn high-level features; (2) to better adapt the CNN model to the saliency task, we redesign the feature sub-network structure to output a 6-dimensional transformation matrix for affine transformation based on the spatial transformer network. Several local features are extracted, which can effectively capture edge pixels in the salient area, meanwhile embedded into the above model to reduce the impact of highlighting background regions; (3) finally, areas of interest are detected by means of the linear combination of global and local feature information. Experimental results demonstrate that Spatial Nets obtain superior detection performance over state-of-the-art algorithms on two popular datasets, requiring less memory and computation to achieve high performance.     

Transmitter redundancy for blind estimation and equalization oftime- and frequency-selective channels

Joint mitigation of time- and frequency-selective fading is an important and challenging problem in mobile communications. Relying on transmitter-induced redundancy, we propose novel channel estimation and symbol recovery approaches for blind identification and equalization of time- and frequency-selective channels, where the time variation is modeled deterministically by a basis expansion. The resulting statistical algorithm enables the usage of a single antenna, dispenses with channel disparity conditions of existing approaches, and allows channel order overestimation. In addition, new deterministic algorithms for generalized OFDM systems are introduced that produce reliable estimates with few data points at high SNR's. Simulations illustrate the approaches developed     

基于正交冗余采样的超分辨信号谱估计

该文提出了一种通过冗余采样进行信号谱估计的新方法,它充分利用冗余采样产生的频谱带限特性,通过对自相关矩阵进行秩1分解的方法来获得信号谱的超分辨估计,与 MUSIC、AR等其他超分辨方法相比,这种方法具有更低的信噪比门限和更高的分辨力。     

Simple adaptive vectors encoding for two-dimensional redundancy reduction (saver)

An efficient and practical source encoding algorithm for compressing binary facsimile data is presented. The vertical correlation is taken into account by forming vectors and the horizontal correlation is considered by the run-length coding of these vectors. New proposals for an end-of-line codeword and error correction are described.     

An integration of bottom-up and top-down salient cues on RGB-D data: saliency from objectness versus non-objectness

Bottom-up and top-down visual cues are two types of information that helps the visual saliency models. These salient cues can be from spatial distributions of the features (space-based saliency) or contextual/task-dependent features (object-based saliency). Saliency models generally incorporate salient cues either in bottom-up or top-down norm separately. In this work, we combine bottom-up and top-down cues from both space- and object-based salient features on RGB-D data. In addition, we also investigated the ability of various pre-trained convolutional neural networks for extracting top-down saliency on color images based on the object dependent feature activation. We demonstrate that combining salient features from color and dept through bottom-up and top-down methods gives significant improvement on the salient object detection with space-based and object-based salient cues. RGB-D saliency integration framework yields promising results compared with the several state-of-the-art-models.     

Application of redundancy reduction to television bandwidth compression

Redundancy reduction processes have proven highly effective in compressing the bandwidth of pictorial data. Compression is achieved by approximating the video time function with polynomial sequences. This paper presents experimental results obtained by computer simulation, demonstrating the effectiveness of redundancy reduction when applied to different examples of pictorial material. Some of the practical considerations in implementing bandwidth compression systems for both black-and-white and color television are also discussed. Based upon these simulation results and laboratory investigations, it is estimated that video bandwidth reductions from two to four can be accomplished with the present state-of-the-art.     

Residential area extraction based on saliency analysis for high spatial resolution remote sensing images

Traditional residential area extraction methods for remote sensing image depend on classification, segmentation and prior knowledge which are time-consuming and difficult to build. In this paper, an efficient, saliency analysis-based residential area extraction method is proposed. In the proposed model, an adaptive directional prediction-based lifting wavelet transform (ADP-LWT) is introduced to obtain the orientation feature. A logarithm co-occurrence histogram is employed to compute the intensity feature. The color opponency and diagram objection based on the information are proposed to extract color feature from the contrast in the red–green opponent channel. The saliency map is obtained through a weighted combination based on the feature competition and the residential area is extracted by saliency map threshold segmentation. The experimental results reveal that the residential area extracted by our model has more demarcated boundaries and better performance in background subtraction.     

结合残留冗余信息与MMSE估计的信源信道联合编解码

文中提出一种利用残留冗余的RDPCM信源信道联合编码系统与最小均方误差估计结合的方法.首先,本文针对联合编码系统修正了SOVA算法,在接收端获得利用残留冗余后的比特似然度;然后利用这些后验信息,对信源预测编码器的输出符号值进行最小均方误差重建后再进行信源译码,从而减小了由于硬判决得到符号值所带来的失真.仿真结果显示这种算法在信噪比的低端最大得到了约2dB的增益.     

Background estimation and motion saliency detection using total variation-based video decomposition

As human vision system is highly sensitive to motion present in a scene, motion saliency forms an important feature in a video sequence. Motion information is used for video compression, object segmentation, object tracking and in many other applications. Though its applications are extensive, accurate detection of motion in a given video is complex and computationally expensive for the solutions reported in the literature. Decomposing a video into visually similar and residual videos is a robust way to detect motion salient regions. The existing decomposition techniques require large execution time as the standard form of the problem is NP-hard. We propose a novel algorithm which detects the motion salient regions by decomposing the input video into background and residual videos in much lesser time without sacrificing the accuracy of the decomposition. In addition, the proposed algorithm is completely parallelizable that ensures further reduction in computational time with the use of advanced multicore processors.     

宽带循环平稳信号的二维空间谱估计

本文提出了一种新的宽带二维波达方向估计方法。理论分析表明,该方法不需要进行二维搜索,既适用于宽带信号,也适用于窄带信号,且能够实现二维参数的自动配对。通过利用循环平稳特性,该方法能够抑制宽带干扰和加性噪声的影响,从而大大提高了算法的信号检测能力。     

一种最小冗余线阵的目标DOA估计方法

针对目标波达方向(DOA)估计的子空间类算法工程实现上的问题,提出了一种次最小冗余线阵的目标DOA估计方法。该方法应用孔径合成理论和最小冗余线阵理论,在保证阵列孔径等价的前提下,从工程应用的实际问题出发,对次最小冗余线阵的阵元配置进行研究。在分析MUSIC及MMUSIC算法的基础上,对次最小冗余线阵进行仿真。通过与相同孔径的均匀线阵和最小冗余线阵对比表明,次最小冗余线阵与相同孔径的均匀线阵性能相仿,并有更小的计算复杂度,比最小冗余线阵有更大的阵元灵活性,可以解决一般最小冗余线阵不能解决的相干信源的DOA估计问题。     

LSTSVM的样本缩减与空间信息融合方法

针对最小二乘孪生支持向量机(STSVM,least squares twin support vector machines)分类效率低的不足,在一对余(1-a-r)多分类器的基础上,提出一种基于样本缩减(SR)的LSTSVM(SRLSTSVM)分类算法。在核空间中通过距离计算,选出对分类超平面起决定作用的样本点,用于分类器的训练;与此同时,为了充分利用高光谱遥感图像的空间信息,通过主成分分析(PCA)和二维Gabor滤波获取像元的纹理特征,将高光谱遥感图像的空间信息和光谱信息在图像层进行融合用于分类。实验证明,本文提出的SR算法可以在不影响分类精度的基础上大大提高LSTSVM的分类效率,且结合空间信息后的LSTSVM的总体分类精度也有明显提高。     

Parameter estimation and error reduction for OFDM-based WLANs

We consider parameter estimation and error reduction for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based high-speed wireless local area networks (WLANs). We devise or select algorithms that can provide benefit to the overall system performance and can be efficiently implemented in real-time. In particular, first, we give a channel model which is especially useful for assessing the channel parameter estimation methods devised for OFDM-based WLANs. Second, we provide a sequential method for the estimation of carrier frequency offset (CFO), symbol timing, and channel response by exploiting the structure of the packet preamble specified by the IEEE 802.11a standard. Finally, to correct the residue CFO induced phase error using the pilot tones, we consider maximum-likelihood phase tracking and least-squares phase fitting approaches; to improve the channel estimation accuracy using the decoded data, we present a semiblind channel estimation method; to mitigate the sampling clock induced time delay error, we provide a sampling clock synchronization approach that obviates the need of an automatic frequency control clock recovery circuit. The overall system performance of using our algorithms is demonstrated via several numerical examples.     

Improved spatial smoothing techniques for DOA estimation ofcoherent signals

In the context of coherent signal classification, spatial smoothing is necessary for the application of the eigen-based direction of arrival (DOA) estimation methods. However, the currently known spatial smoothing algorithms not only reduce the effective aperture of the array, but also do not consider the cross correlations of the subarray outputs. An improved spatial smoothing algorithm which can fully utilize the correlations of the array outputs and produce a more stable estimate of the covariance matrix is presented. Simulation results are provided to verify the theoretical prediction. The superiority of this method over the conventional methods is obvious, especially when the SOSR (subarray to overall size ratio) is small