Subcarrier and power allocation for OFDMA-based multicast cellular networks using a coalitional game

The subcarrier and power allocation problem for orthogonal frequency-division multiple access (OFDMA)-based multicast cellular networks is investigated in this paper. Due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of the channel gains experienced by different multicast users, the conventional multicast schemes are highly conservative and spectrally inefficient. To address this issue, a novel multicast formulation is proposed where multiuser diversity inherent in OFDMA can be adaptively exploited by clustering users within a multicast group into smaller subgroups based on their channel gains. Subcarriers and power are then dynamically allocated to these subgroups to maximize the total multicast rate of the system. Coalitional game theory is adopted to model the group formation in which users can autonomously form coalitions with other users to compete for network resources. A low-complexity algorithm is proposed for the multicast coalitional game to reach multicoalitional equilibrium in which a sub-optimal performance can be obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional unicast and multicast schemes while achieving a sub-optimal performance comparable to the exhaustive search scheme.     

一种容量最大化的OFDMA资源分配算法

针对功率受限的多用户OFDMA系统,提出了一种简化的子载波和功率分配算法,此算法在最大化系统容量的同时兼顾了用户间的公平性。算法首先依据当前的信道状况计算出各用户所需的载波数量,并分配子载波,然后以注水算法对各载波上的功率进行分配。仿真结果表明,以此算法对OFDMA的系统资源进行分配可显著提高系统的多项性能。     

基于合作中继的OFDM蜂窝网络的QoS感知子载波分配算法*

针对基于中继的OFDM蜂窝网络,提出了一种基于合作中继的QoS感知子载波分配算法,即C-QSA(cooperative QoS-ware subcarrier allocation)算法。C-QSA算法利用基站与中继节点之间的合作传输机制来保证QoS业务的速率要求,允许中继节点进行比特重分配,充分利用无线系统的时变及多用户分集特性,提高无线资源的利用效率。C-QSA算法将子载波分配问题抽象为非线性整数规划,以最大化系统效用为目标,同时满足QoS业务的速率要求。仿真结果表明,C-QSA算法在用户效用及吞吐量等性能方面都有明显优势,系统实际效用接近理论最优值。     

Energy-efficient dynamic resource allocation with opportunistic network coding in OFDMA relay networks

Network coding is significantly able to save system resources for wireless networks, and has been widely studied for the 802.11 wireless local area network and traditional cellular networks. The relay technology was introduced in 802.16j, 802.16m, and Long Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) standards. Recently, the application of network coding to multi-hop wireless relay networks has been taken into consideration. Although the introduction of relay stations (RSs) may bring more energy consumption, it provides opportunities for network coding to save spectrum resources. Nevertheless, the benefits of network coding are diminished by high multiuser diversity based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA). For ensuring the superiority, network coding is performed opportunistically according to the channel state. Hence dynamic resource allocation (DRA) subject to rate constraints is combined with the idea of opportunistic network coding to minimize the total transmission power in a frame. A fixed set of discrete modulation levels in an OFDMA relay system is also considered. By taking the characteristic of a half-duplex decode-and-forward (DF) mode relay, a solution is proposed for the optimal problem of each subframe after separating power-aware relay selection. Simulation results show that DRA with opportunistic network coding can improve system energy efficiency. Further, it is more efficient for saving energy than DRA with static network coding compared solely to DRA.     

JCCA resource allocation for video transmission in relay-enhanced OFDMA system

Resulting from the rapid growth of wireless video services in the recent years, radio resource is often inadequate in the high data rate communication environment. Under the circumstance, it is important to make full use of limited resource for efficient video transmission. Hence, we propose a joint content and channel aware (JCCA) resource allocation algorithm in relay-enhanced OFDMA system. It can maximize accumulation of allocated subcarriers’ contribution for transmitting video data so as to improve overall quality of users’ received video under resource constrained conditions. As it is described in this work, the algorithm is implemented by packet scheduling, path selection and subcarrier allocation, in which time-varying data content and channel state are jointly considered at the same time. And the two implementation schemes, JCCAG and JCCAL, are designed for JCCA resource allocation algorithm. JCCAG is executed for allocating subcarriers through global search among all subcarriers’ contribution. For reducing complexity of JCCAG, subcarriers are allocated according to the corresponding contribution towards each user on the basis of local search in JCCAL. In the simulation, we make comparison between the JCCA resource allocation algorithm and others for video transmission in relay-enhanced OFDMA system. And the comparison results are evaluated through objective and subjective criterion, respectively. It is demonstrated that the proposed algorithm can perform better in improving overall quality of users’ received video.     

An integrated cross-layer framework of adaptive FEedback REsource allocation and Prediction for OFDMA systems

Orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology has been adopted by 4th generation (a.k.a. 4G) telecommunication systems to achieve high system spectral efficiency. A crucial research issue is how to design adaptive feedback mechanisms so that the base station can use adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) techniques to adjust its data rate based on the channel condition. This problem is even more challenging in resource-limited and heterogeneous multiuser environments such as Mobile WiMAX and long-term evolution (LTE) networks. In this paper, we develop an integrated cross-layer framework of adaptive FEedback REsource allocation and Prediction (FEREP) for OFDMA systems. The proposed framework, implemented at the base station side, is composed of three modules. The feedback window adaptation (FWA) module dynamically tunes the feedback window size for each user based on the received automatic repeat request (ARQ) messages that reflect the current channel condition. The priority-based feedback scheduling (PBFS) module then performs feedback resource allocation by taking into account the feedback window size, the user profile and the total system feedback budget. To choose adapted modulation and coding schemes (MCS), the channel quality indicator prediction (CQIP) module performs channel prediction by using recursive least square (RLS) algorithm for the users whose channel feedback has not been granted for schedule in current frame. Through extensive simulations, the proposed framework shows significant performance gain especially under stringent feedback budget constraints.     

一种基于多天线选择的新型多用户MIMO-OFDM自适应子载波组分配算法

针对于多用户MIMO-OFDM下行传输,本文提出了一种基于用户信道特征,利用多天线选择和子载波组分配相结合的新型自适应算法.该算法在不明显降低系统整体性能的前提下可大大降低发射端计算复杂度,使之更适用于实时信道传输环境.仿真结果表明,该算法在计算复杂度大幅减小的情况下仍能保证系统性能无明显损失.     

一种非理想反馈MIMO-OFDM系统资源分配算法

针对多用户MIMO-OFDM系统资源分配问题,给出了一种基于非理想反馈的自适应子载波分配算法。由于实际系统中往往存在反馈时延和反馈误差,利用置信系数和等价方差模型来表征反馈信道状态信息的质量,以最大化系统和容量为目标,在发射总功率一定并满足误码率约束条件下,将子载波分配给信道增益最好的用户,然后对所有子载波进行注水功率分配。理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法能够充分利用多用户的分集增益,有效地提高了系统和容量性能。     

Maximizing multiuser diversity gains in IEEE 802.11 WLANs

Opportunistic scheduling monitors the receivers’ channel states and schedules packets to the receivers in relatively good channel conditions. Opportunistic scheduling can be easily implemented in cellular network systems that have embedded channel state report functions. To apply opportunistic scheduling to wireless LANs, deficient of channel report functions, we first devise an efficient channel probing mechanism. Prior opportunistic scheduling methods for WLANs limit the number of probed receivers and may not fully utilize the potential multiuser diversity gains. In this paper, we develop a new opportunistic scheduling scheme called WDOS (WLAN Distributed Opportunistic Scheduling). WDOS invites all receivers to channel probing and has a potential to fully realize the multiuser diversity gains. To reduce the overhead of probing all active receivers, we devise a contention based RTS/CTS exchange with early termination. A sender initiates channel probing by multicasting an MRTS (modified RTS) frame and each receiver responds with a CTS frame after a backoff delay. Hearing the first CTS frame, the sender terminates channel probing and transmits data frames to the first responder. WDOS attains the multiuser diversity gains by allocating a shorter backoff delay to a receiver in better relative channel conditions. We evaluate the performance of WDOS both via an analytic method and computer simulations. Our performance study shows that WDOS achieves the performance near optimal.     

OFDMA系统中容量最大化的资源分配算法

为最大化OFDMA系统容量,提出一种信道容量最小子载波优先分配算法。在每次迭代注水过程中,假设所有子载波只能分配给一个用户,计算该用户对应于不同子载波所具有的信道容量,并对具有最小信道容量的用户优先分配子载波,以避免将信道容量差的子载波分配给用户。仿真结果表明,该算法解决了采用传统等功率方式计算子载波分配容量时准确率低的问题,相比WUF算法和WSA算法,在不同信噪比的情况下系统容量提高近15.7%和12.2%,达到最大化系统容量的目的。     

中继OFDMA系统容量公平资源分配算法研究

针对OFMDA解码-转发中继系统的资源分配问题,提出了一种以系统总功率和用户间的数据速率比例公平为约束条件,以最大化系统总速率为目标的资源分配算法。该资源分配问题为非线性最优化问题,联合求解所有变量复杂度很高,通过次优化的方法降低计算复杂度。算法包括：子载波分配和功率分配。子载波分配是以功率平均分配为前提,对基站-中继站和中继站-用户链路的子载波按照信道条件进行配对,并根据比例公平约束将配对的子载波分配给相应的用户。功率分配是对每个用户利用Lagrange方法调整每个子载波的功率,进一步提高系统的数据速率。算法仿真分析表明,该算法既能同时满足多用户不同数据速率的要求,又能提高系统的数据速率。     

Game Theoretic subcarrier and power allocation for wireless OFDMA networks

This paper proposes a bargaining game theoretic resource(including the subcarrier and the power) allocation scheme for wireless orthogonal frequency division multiple access(OFDMA) networks.We define a wireless user s payoff as a function of the achieved data-rate.The fairness resource allocation problem can then be modeled as a cooperative bargaining game.The objective of the game is to maximize the aggregate payoffs for the users.To search for the Nash bargaining solution(NBS) of the game,a suboptimal subcarrier allocation is performed by assuming an equal power allocation.Thereafter,an optimal power allocation is performed to maximize the sum payoff for the users.By comparing with the max-rate and the max-min algorithms,simulation results show that the proposed game could achieve a good tradeoff between the user fairness and the overall system performance.     

Joint subcarrier,code, and power allocation for parallel multi-radio access in heterogeneous wireless networks

In the heterogeneous wireless networks, it has been proved that the joint spectrum and power allocation can achieve network diversity gains for parallel multi-radio access in theory. This article aims to develop an effective and practical algorithm of joint subearrier, code, and power allocation for parallel multi- radio access of the downlink in heterogeneous wireless networks （e.g., CDMA and OFDMA）. Firstly, we propose a unified framework to formulate the subcarrier, code, and power allocation as an optimization problem. Secondly, we propose a resource element （subcarrier and code） scheme based on the threshold type. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the existing algorithm for considered wireless scenarios.     

Efficient User Pairing for Performance Enhancement of Downlink NOMA Systems

In this paper, the resource allocation problem for user pairing (UP) in downlink non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems is investigated. NOMA allows the use of one subcarrier for more than one user at the same time, thus increases the total capacity of the wireless communication system. However, users pairing is a challenging task in the NOMA systems, because a good channel quality subcarrier should be selected and allocated for the user to enhance the performance of NOMA systems. The proposed UP algorithm aims to enhance the sum rate of the paired users per subcarrier and consequently enhance the total sum rate of downlink NOMA systems. Moreover, the proposed UP algorithm target to improve the fairness of the users. The proposed UP algorithm is based on a simple search for the subcarrier with the minimum average channel gains to be assigned its paired users and then excluding it from the next searching process. The proposed scheme ensures the higher channel gain for users by giving the priority to the subcarrier with the minimum average channel gains during the user pairing process. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed UP algorithm can not only enhance the total sum rate compared with the random UP and conventional UP but also can enhance the fairness of the users. Moreover, it is clearly seen that the proposed UP algorithm provides the lowest outage probability.     

Adaptive joint bandwidth and power allocation in heterogeneous wireless access environment

Joint bandwidth and power allocation for a multi-radio access(MRA)system in a heterogeneous wireless access environment is studied.Since both the number of users being served by the system and the wireless channel state are time-varying,the optimal resource allocation is no longer a static optimum and will change with the varying network state.Moreover,distributed resource allocation algorithms that require iterative updating and signaling interactions cannot converge in negligible time.Thus,it is unrealistic to assume that the active user number and the wireless channel state remain unchanged during the iterations.In this paper,we propose an adaptive joint bandwidth and power allocation algorithm based on a novel iteration stepsize selection method,which can adapt to the varying network state and accelerate the convergence rate.A distributed solution is also designed for the adaptive joint resource allocation implementation.Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm can not only track the varying optimal resource allocation result much more quickly than a traditional algorithm with fixed iteration stepsize,but can also reduce the data transmission time for users and increase the system throughput.     

一种多用户OFDMA比例公平资源分配算法

针对多用户OFDMA系统资源分配中已有算法对系统容量和公平性兼顾较差的情况,提出了一种满足比例公平性的系统容量最大化资源分配算法。首先选择合适的公平度门限范围,在子载波分配中,先将各个子载波分配给信道增益最大的用户,再在公平度门限约束下重新分配最大速率用户的信道增益最小的子载波,可以实现子载波利用率和公平度的折中。然后采用注水线法分配功率来调整用户间的比例公平性,最终找到使系统容量最大的公平度门限。仿真结果表明,该算法在保证了用户间比例公平性为1的同时提高了系统容量。     

电力线通信系统中跨层的用户调度和资源分配

针对多用户多业务基于正交频分多址的电力线通信系统,提出一种在数据链路控制层进行用户调度和在物理层进行资源分配的多层多目标最优的跨层资源分配算法,其用户调度根据所有用户的服务质量(QoS)满意程度、QoS要求、业务包模型、信道状态信息和队列状态信息,从所有用户中选出要服务的用户和确定这些用户的最优跨层参数;其资源分配则根据所有调度用户的QoS要求、最优跨层参数和信道状态信息,先把功率按地窖注水原理分给每个子载波,再把每个子载波最优地分给调度用户并采用逐比特加载查表算法调整其上分配的功率和比特。最后在典型的电力线信道环境下对算法进行仿真,结果表明新算法在系统资源大范围变化时也能保障用户的服务质量,同时有效地提高系统资源的利用。     

采用低密度校验码的多天线OFDMA系统

在本文中针对频率选择性衰落信道提出了一种采用低密度校验（LDPC）码的多天线（MIMO）正交频分多址（OFDMA）系统。在这一多用户／多速率系统中,首先通过OFDMA消除用户之间的干扰,从而将多用户环境转化为单用户环境;然后通过联合MIMO软解调与LDPC码解码的Turbo迭代算法,消除发射天线之间的干扰并改善系统的性能。仿真结果表明,该方案可以有效地消除多用户干扰和发射天线之间的干扰,在通过利用空分复用以提高频谱效率的同时,也获得了由LDPC码提供的编码增益。由于该方案对于星座图没有任何限制,因此可以通过采用高效的调制方式进一步提高频谱效率。     

多用户OFDM比例公平资源分配算法

提出了一种在多用户OFDM系统中总发射功率和误码率限定的条件下,系统总数据容量最大化的子载波分配算法。针对已有算法对数据容量和公平性兼顾较差的情况,通过引入比例公平控制参数α,把子载波分配分为两部分,首先对所有用户的信道增益降序排列,从中选择αN信道增益较好的子载波进行分配,然后对剩余的（1-α）N个子载波按比例公平的原则进行子载波分配。第一步可以获得较粗糙的比例公平,但可以获得较大的数据容量,通过第二步进一步调整比例公平。可以根据实际需要选择合适的α。子载波分配完毕后,采用注水算法调整子载波间功率分配。通过仿真显示该文算法数据容量得到提高的同时很好地保持了用户间的比例公平。     

保证公平的最大化中继OFDMA系统容量策略

基于正交频分多址(OFDMA)解码-转发中继的系统资源分配方法不能兼顾系统容量与用户公平度。针对该问题,提出一种新的子载波与功率资源分配算法,其中包括子载波分配与配对以及功率分配2个过程。在子载波分配与配对过程中,设计新的同步子载波差值最小配对方法,以最大程度匹配两跳链路配对的子载波。在功率分配过程中,通过拉格朗日方法调整每个子载波对的功率,进一步提高系统传输速率。仿真结果表明,将该策略运用于不同的OFDMA子载波分配算法中能够较好地兼顾系统容量与用户间公平度。