基于人脸特征和AdaBoost算法的多姿态人脸检测

基于人脸特征和AdaBoost算法,提出一种改进的多姿态人脸检测算法。首先利用肤色特征快速排除绝大部分背景区域,然后在肤色区域中搜索眼睛和嘴巴区域,根据眼睛和嘴巴区域的几何特征所确定的人脸方向分割出大致正向的人脸候选区域,最后利用AdaBoost算法对候选区域进行分类。实验表明,算法能实现多姿态人脸的快速检测,而且对脸部表情和遮挡有较强的鲁棒性。     

彩色图象中主要人脸特征位置的全自动标定

人脸特征的定位是计算机人脸识别中必需的一步。该文提出了一种在彩色图象中进行人脸部特征定位的新方法。该方法只取彩色图象中的红色成分作为研究对象,以简化处理及提高信噪比;首先利用对原图的垂直灰度投影曲线确定脸的左右边界,并分离出此区域的高低灰度图,以便分图定位脸部特征;接着利用对经边缘检测的高灰度图的水平灰度投影确定下颌,嘴,鼻,眼的垂直位置,然后在相应位置附近,对鼻,眼、嘴依此进行准确定位,算法最后     

A Self-Organizing TS-Type Fuzzy Network With Support Vector Learning and its Application to Classification Problems

A self-organizing Takagi-Sugeno (TS)-type fuzzy network with support vector learning (SOTFN-SV) is proposed in this paper. The proposed SOTFN-SV is inspired by analysis of TS-type fuzzy systems and composite-kernel support vector machine (SVM). SOTFN-SV is a fuzzy system constructed by the hybridization of fuzzy clustering and SVM. The antecedent part of SOTFN-SV is generated via fuzzy clustering of the input data, and then SVM is used to tune the consequent part parameters to give the network better generalization performance. For demonstration, SOTFN-SV is applied to several classification problems, especially the skin color classification problem. In the skin color classification application, each color pixel is represented by hue and saturation (HS) color space. To represent color information by histogram as accurately as possible, a nonuniform partition of HS space is proposed. For comparison, SVMs and other fuzzy systems trained by SVM or neural networks are applied to the same classification problems. The advantages of SOTFN-SV are verified by comparisons with the results of these methods.     

一种基于Haar小波变换的彩色图像人脸检测方法

本文提出了一种基于Haar小波变换的彩色图像人脸检测方法。首先进行彩色空间的变换,检测出图像中的肤色区域;利用Adaboost算法训练出的基于Haar小波变换的检测器对该区域进行人脸检测;建立眼睛颜色模型,并根据眼睛!嘴在不同分量上的分布特征,将它们从人脸区域中提取出来;最后融合眼睛!嘴候选区域的信息,利用特征不变的方法进行眼睛和嘴的确定。实验结果表明,该方法能够快速有效地检测出人脸,并能够确定眼!嘴的位置。     

基于颜色和特征匹配的视频图像人脸检测实现技术

A face detection method using statistical skin-color model and facial feature matching is presented in this paper.According to skin-color distribution in YUV color space,we develope a statistical skin-color model through interactive sample training and learning.Using this method we convert the color image to binary image and then segment face-candidate regions in the video images.In order to improve the quality of binary image and remove unwanted noises,filtering and mathematical morphology are empolied.After these two processing,we use facial feature matching for further detection.The presence or absence of a face in each region is verified by means of mouth detector based on a template matching method.The experimental results show the proposed method has the features of high speed and high efficiency,but also robust to face variation to some extent.So it is suitable to be applied to real-time face detection and tracking in video sequences.     

一种基于多分量信息融合的人脸检测方法

人脸检测是全自动人脸识别系统和许多监视系统的基础,在许多领域有着广泛的应用。文章提出了一种基于多分量信息融合的人脸检测方法。首先进行彩色空间的变换,检测出图像中的肤色区域;建立眼睛颜色模型,并根据眼睛﹑嘴在不同分量上的分布特征,将它们提取出来;最后融合眼睛﹑嘴候选区域的信息,利用特征不变的方法进行人脸的确定。实验结果表明,该方法能够快速有效地检测出人脸,并能够确定眼﹑嘴的位置。     

基于肤色检测和人眼定位的人脸检测方法

提出了一种基于肤色检测和人眼定位的人脸检测方法。使用基于“基准白色”的色彩平衡方法归一化彩色图像,将图像在HSV空间进行肤色分割,确定候选人脸,采用形态学滤波器对其降噪。在获得虹膜位置的基础上,使用Susan算子定位两个眼角点,从而实现眼睛的精确定位。实验证明提出的方法能够很好的检测人脸、定位人眼,尤其对存在人脸旋转和光照异常的人脸图像有很高的精确度和鲁棒性.     

基于ASM和肤色模型的疲劳驾驶检测

疲劳驾驶研究中,面部关键特征精确定位与跟踪是个难点。提出了一种基于主动形状模型ASM和肤色模型的疲劳驾驶检测方法。首先,利用肤色模型检测到人脸区域为ASM提供初始定位;然后基于ASM进行人眼和嘴巴跟踪获得眼睛与嘴巴区域;再利用Canny算子对两个区域精确定位,获得疲劳检测参数;最后根据PERCLOS方法实现疲劳检测。考虑到基于HSV颜色模型的人脸检测不受姿势和角度的影响,但容易受到背景干扰,而ASM的优点是人脸关键点跟踪效果好,但初始定位困难,将二者结合实现了眼睛与嘴巴精确定位与跟踪。实验表明,眼睛检测准确率可以达到90.7%,哈欠检测准确率可以达到83.3%,疲劳检测准确率达到91.4%。     

用于口型识别的实时唇定位方法

在许多应用于有噪声环境下的语音识别系统中,唇读技术能有效地降低噪声的影响,通过视觉 通道来补充仅取决于听觉通道的信息量,从而提高语音识别系统的识别率.该文提出了一种有 效和稳健的唇定位跟踪方法,以满足不用特殊标识物和规范性照明就能对信息进行有效提取 的应用需求.该方法首先用肤色模型查找脸;然后用迭代算法搜索脸部区域内的眼睛;再根据 眼睛的位置来确定脸的大小和位置,并对脸的下半部分采用彩色坐标变换法将唇从肤色中明 显地区分出来;最后,用可变模板将上下唇的内外轮廓描述出来.     

彩色图像的层次式人脸检测算法

提出了在复杂背景、不同光照条件下层次式的彩色图像的人脸检测算法。首先,利用颜色补偿技术在YCbCr颜色空间对彩色图像进行肤色分割,选出类似皮肤的区域。然后,通过人脸椭圆形状来检测人脸候选区域。最后,构造眼睛和嘴巴的映射来成功检测出人脸。     

基于小波和ICA的面部特征定位

面部特征的定位是自动人脸识别（AFR）系统的重要组成部分,现有主要包括基于先验知识、几何形状、色彩、外观和关联信息五类方法。本文从信号学的角度,提出了一种基于小波和独立分量分析（ICA）的新方法。先对面部图像进行小波分解,提取出主要代表眼睛和嘴巴特征的水平边缘图像,再把说话人在视频流中眼睛的闭合和嘴巴的运动看成是相互独立的运动分量,利用ICA分离出眼基和嘴基,然后分别利用它们来重建人脸图像,从而实现眼睛和嘴巴的定位。     

An effective method for detecting facial features and face in human-robot interaction

In this paper, an effective method of facial features detection is proposed for human-robot interaction (HRI). Considering the mobility of mobile robot, it is inevitable that any vision system for a mobile robot is bound to be faced with various imaging conditions such as pose variations, illumination changes, and cluttered backgrounds. To detecting face correctly under such difficult conditions, we focus on the local intensity pattern of the facial features. The characteristics of relatively dark and directionally different pattern can provide robust clues for detecting facial features. Based on this observation, we suggest a new directional template for detecting the major facial features, namely the two eyes and the mouth. By applying this template to a facial image, we can make a new convolved image, which we refer to as the edge-like blob map. One distinctive characteristic of this map image is that it provides the local and directional convolution values for each image pixel, which makes it easier to construct the candidate blobs of the major facial features without the information of facial boundary. Then, these candidates are filtered using the conditions associated with the spatial relationship of the two eyes and the mouth, and the face detection process is completed by applying appearance-based facial templates to the refined facial features. The overall detection results obtained with various color images and gray-level face database images demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method in HRI applications.     

基于肤色和器官定位的实时人脸检测

基于肤色和器官的人脸检测是视觉监控领域中广泛应用的经典方法,但是辨别每个肤色像素和提取候选区域非常耗时且对噪声敏感,很多时候不能满足实时人脸检测的需要。通过引入肤色单元的概念,提高了该方法的快速性和鲁棒性,最终将其应用于实时视频序列中。首先,采用单元化的方法进行肤色分割,提取出人的肤色部分;接着,根据人脸长宽比例的范围,确定出候选人脸;然后,再对候选人脸区域分别进行眼睛和嘴巴的定位;对眼睛和嘴巴定位之后,我们可以利用眼睛和嘴巴呈倒三角关系的几何特征反过来进行人脸的精确定位。实验结果表明,该方法的识别率较高,并能满足实时视频人脸检测的快速性要求。     

一种鲁棒的人脸特征定位方法

提出了一种基于AdaBoost算法和C-V方法的人脸特征定位方法。首先根据AdaBoost算法训练样本得到脸、眼、鼻、嘴4个检测器;然后结合人脸边缘图像的先验规则,使用人脸检测器提取人脸区域;接着利用眼、鼻、嘴检测器从人脸区域中检测出人脸特征所在的矩形区域;最后利用C-V方法从各个特征区域中分割出人脸特征的轮廓,进而得到人脸关键特征点的位置。在DTU IMM人脸测试集上,眼睛的检测率为100%,鼻子的检测率为95.3%,嘴巴的检测率为98.4%,提取出的特征点位置准确。实验结果表明方法是有效和鲁棒的。     

彩色图像中多姿态的人脸快速检测及定位

针对复杂背景下的彩色图像,提出了一种基于肤色模型、数学形态学处理、似眼物检测以及眼睛与嘴巴构成三角形特征的人脸检测算法。该方法首先根据肤色模型检测出肤色区域;快速提取肤色区域的边界并分割成一系列肤色块;用数学形态学的膨胀和腐蚀方法分别对各个肤色块进行处理,消除边界毛刺和回旋,填补空洞,同时也避免了不同肤色块的连通;用简单的圆形模板检测出似眼物,然后根据眼睛与嘴巴构成三角形的特征判断是否为人脸。     

一种基于颜色和形状的人脸检测方法

提出了一种层次式的人脸综合检测方法。结合肤色和人脸椭圆形状来检测彩色图像、复杂背景中人脸区域。最后通过人脸区域的内部灰度信息提取人脸特征，从而达到成功检测人脸的目的。。     

基于块分类器和SVM的人脸检测方法

针对彩色图像中人脸检测问题，文中提出一种由“块分类器 SVM分类器”组成的快速算法。它的主要特点是利用肤色点在YCrCb色度空间的分布概率模型，实现二值分割，然后利用面部区域双眼的典型非肤色特征，构造一个“块分类器”，从待检测图像中实现人脸候选窗的快速粗选，再用SVM分类器作进一步确认，最后对检测出来的窗口进行综合，从而实现人脸的精确定位。通过在相同测试集上的对比实验，在不影响正检率的情况下，该算法不但可以降低虚警率，而且极大地提高了检测速度。     

Face detection from color images using a fuzzy pattern matchingmethod

This paper describes a new method to detect faces in color images based on the fuzzy theory. We make two fuzzy models to describe the skin color and hair color, respectively. In these models, we use a perceptually uniform color space to describe the color information to increase the accuracy and stableness. We use the two models to extract the skin color regions and the hair color regions, and then comparing them with the prebuilt head-shape models by using a fuzzy theory based pattern-matching method to detect face candidates     

基于新颜色空间YCgCr的人脸区域初定位

在RGB颜色空间采用了颜色平衡方法对发生色彩偏移的输入图像进行颜色校正;在新颜色空间YCgCr上建立了亮度和Cg-Cr色度查找表联合的肤色模型,对肤色区域进行检测;引入了有效的预处理技术,进一步去除肤色分割后的二值图像中的部分非人脸区域,减少人脸定位的搜索区域。最后在两个图像测试集上进行了实验比较,实验结果表明,该肤色模型可以有效地从复杂背景的彩色图像中检测出肤色区域,光照条件适应性好,且引入的预处理技术在保证漏检率低的前提下,能够去除大部分非人脸区域。     

A survey of skin-color modeling and detection methods

Skin detection plays an important role in a wide range of image processing applications ranging from face detection, face tracking, gesture analysis, content-based image retrieval systems and to various human computer interaction domains. Recently, skin detection methodologies based on skin-color information as a cue has gained much attention as skin-color provides computationally effective yet, robust information against rotations, scaling and partial occlusions. Skin detection using color information can be a challenging task as the skin appearance in images is affected by various factors such as illumination, background, camera characteristics, and ethnicity. Numerous techniques are presented in literature for skin detection using color. In this paper, we provide a critical up-to-date review of the various skin modeling and classification strategies based on color information in the visual spectrum. The review is divided into three different categories: first, we present the various color spaces used for skin modeling and detection. Second, we present different skin modeling and classification approaches. However, many of these works are limited in performance due to real-world conditions such as illumination and viewing conditions. To cope up with the rapidly changing illumination conditions, illumination adaptation techniques are applied along with skin-color detection. Third, we present various approaches that use skin-color constancy and dynamic adaptation techniques to improve the skin detection performance in dynamically changing illumination and environmental conditions. Wherever available, we also indicate the various factors under which the skin detection techniques perform well.