柴油生物脱硫技术进展

介绍了柴油生物脱硫生物催化剂的研究进展，指出柴油生物脱硫和加氯脱硫的组合工艺将得到较快的发展，对柴油生物脱硫与加氩脱硫两种工艺技术进行了经济比较，简述了柴油生物脱硫的工业化应用及存在的问题。[编者按]     

加氢精制临氢降凝组合工艺的工业应用

介绍了加氢精制临氢降凝组合工艺开发的可行性及工业应用情况，两个周期的运行结果表明，以催化裂化轻柴油为原料生产—35#低凝柴油组分，具有反应条件缓和、柴油收率高、催化剂再生周期长的优点；通过调和可解决柴油十六烷值低的问题；3881催化剂再生性能较好，催化剂再生后活性基本恢复到原有水平。     

应用于炼油厂生产“绿色”柴油的工艺

UOP公司和埃尼公司开发了从植物油生产“绿色”柴油燃料的工艺，可使这种“绿色”柴油燃料与石油基柴油燃料调合使用。这种柴油燃料是炼油厂优质的柴油调合组分，馏程与典型的柴油产品相当，十六烷值为80，高于石油基柴油（十六烷值约为50）。     

应用于炼油厂生产“绿色”柴油的工艺

UOP公司和埃尼公司联合开发了从植物油生产“绿色”柴油燃料的工艺（Ecofining），这种“绿色”柴油燃料可与石油基柴油燃料调合使用，其沸程范围与典型的柴油产品相当，十六烷值为80，而石油基柴油的十六烷值约为50。     

柴油深度加氢脱硫脱芳烃工艺技术的研究与开发

对不同性质的柴油，可采用不同的加氢脱硫脱芳烃工艺技术生产清洁柴油。直馏柴油和焦化柴油采用单段加氢工艺技术，在适宜的工艺条件下，可以生产硫质量分数低于300μg／g、芳烃质量分数低于25％、十六烷值大于53的清洁柴油；劣质催化裂化柴油采用单段加氢工艺及催化剂匹配装填技术，在适宜的工艺条件下，可以生产密度0．8576g／cm^3、硫质量分数5．0μg／g、芳烃质量分数29．6％、十六烷值39.8的清洁柴油组分；劣质催化裂化柴油采用两段加氢工艺技术，可以生产密度0．8506g/cm^3、硫质量分数1．2μg／g、芳烃质量分数16．5％的清洁柴油组分。     

中压加氢改质工艺对劣质柴油适应性研究

对焦化柴油和催化裂化柴油进行中压加氢改质工艺的中型试验，将劣质柴油改质后可生产石脑油馏分、喷气燃料组分以及高十六烷值、低硫、低氮的低凝柴油，试验表明该工艺对劣质柴油有较好的适应性。将催化裂化柴油和焦化柴油按1：1比例混合后进行中压加氢改质可生产高十六烷值、低硫、低氮的-10号柴油。     

RICH-临氢降凝组合工艺的研究与开发

介绍了一种生产优质低凝柴油的新技术——RICH-1临氢降凝组合工艺。该工艺较之目前工业装置应用的加氢精制-临氢降凝组合工艺，有明显的优越性，可加工催化裂化柴油、直馏柴油、轻蜡油或其混合油。当加工催化裂化柴油与轻蜡油9：1的混合油时，与原工艺相比，可提高低凝柴油收率4．39个百分点，提高石脑油馏分的芳烃潜含量12个百分点，柴油馏分的十六烷值提高2．2个单位。     

加氢/改质工艺组合满足清洁柴油的多种需求

介绍了抚顺石油化工研究院开发的深度脱硫加氢精制、MCI、临氢降凝、催化裂化(FCC)柴油深度脱芳烃等专有技术及其组合工艺的技术特点。应用加氢精制—临氢降凝组合工艺加工劣质柴油，拓宽了柴油临氢降凝原料来源，柴油凝点可降至—35℃以下，硫脱除率达95％以上；应用加氢精制—MCI组合工艺加工FCC柴油，柴油硫含量可障至50μg／g以下，十六烷值提高8—12个单位，柴油收率达95％-98％；应用MCI—降凝组合工艺加工FCC和直馏柴油，可使柴油的凝点降至—35℃以下，十六烷值提高10个单位；应用加氢/改质—脱芳烃组合工艺、单段工艺流程加工芳烃质量分数为71．2％、十六烷值低于24的FCC柴油，在氢分压为8．0MPa、反应温度为360℃、体积空速为0．6h^-1、氢油体积比为500的条件下，柴油芳烃质量分数降至29．6％，十六烷值提高至39．8，而采用该工艺两段工艺流程可使柴油的芳烃质量分数降至16．5％，十六烷值提高至44．7。     

采用新方法对直馏柴油进行脱酸的工艺研究

采用氨法对直馏柴油进行脱酸的中试研究结果表明，对于酸度大于30mgKOH／100ml柴油原料，该工艺的脱酸效果较好，且具有无高压电场、不使用强酸强碱、无“三废”排放及溶剂可循环使用等优点，是直馏柴油碱洗电精制的理想替代工艺。     

劣质柴油生产清洁柴油技术的比较

介绍了抚顺石油化工研究院开发的加氢精制、加氢精制 临氢降凝、最大柴油十六烷值改进 (MCI)、中压加氢改质 (MHUG)等四种工艺技术的特点 ,以及上述工艺应用于劣质柴油生产清洁柴油的结果。以加工鲁宁管输原油为例 ,对四种工艺加工柴油的方案进行了技术经济指标对比。加氢精制与加氢精制 临氢降凝工艺处理后柴油硫含量为 0 .0 4 % ,平均十六烷值 4 5,仅能满足目前的产品质量要求 ;而MCI和MHUG工艺的柴油硫含量为 0 .0 2 % ,平均十六烷值达 50以上 ,尽管投资有所提高 ,但生产灵活性高 ,可满足当前及今后一段时期的清洁产品的要求。     

多产柴油催化裂化催化剂的评价

在小型固定流化床试验装置，进行了催化裂化催化剂的评价，探索了工艺参数对柴油产率和柴汽比的影响。结果表明，使用重油转化能力中、生焦低的多产柴油催化剂，配合采用缓和操作条件，是催化裂人增产柴油的手段，Lank-98催化剂适合原料特性的较好的催化剂之一。     

Performance and emissions characteristics of C.I. engine fueled with palm oil/palm oil methyl ester blended with diesel fuel

The rapid increasing worldwide demand for energy, continuous increasing of fuel consumption and the progressive depletion of fossil fuels led to an intensive search for biodiesel as alternative fuel for diesel engine. Performance and emissions characteristics of C.I. engine fueled with palm oil/palm oil methyl ester blended with diesel fuel is investigated experimentally. Biodiesel was prepared from palm oil by transesterification process. Diesel, biodiesel and palm oil blends were prepared in volume percentages of 20 and 100% as B20, B100 and PO20. Physical and chemical properties of biodiesel blends were near to diesel fuel. The experimental study is conducted on a diesel engine at different engine loading from zero to full loads using palm oil and palm biodiesel and its blends with diesel fuel. Thermal efficiency of biodiesel and oil blends with diesel fuel was lower than diesel fuel. Specific fuel consumptions for biodiesel and oil blends were found to be higher than diesel oil. Unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide emissions have been decreased for biodiesel blends but it increased for oil blends compared to diesel fuel. Nitrogen oxide emissions have slightly been increased for biodiesel and oil blends compared to diesel fuel. Blends of diesel – biodiesel up to 20% biodiesel percentage by volume are recommended because of the improvement in performance and emissions as compared to diesel fuel.     

调合法生产—35#柴油工业化试验

利用２００＃溶剂油和－２０＃柴油进行调合生产－３５＃柴油的工业化试验，阐述了调合工艺及机理，并针对其关键指标凝点，闪点等作了大量的试验，通过对试验的分析与调整，证明用调合法生产－３５＃柴油是可行的。     

Effect of waste cooking-oil biodiesel on performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine

The ever increase in global energy demand, consumption of depletable fossil fuels, exhaust emissions and global warming, all these led to search about alternative fuels. Biodiesel was produced from waste cooking-oil by transesterification process. Blends of waste cooking-oil biodiesel and diesel oil were prepared in volume percentages of 10, 20 and 30% as B10, B20 and B30. Biodiesel blends have ASTM standards of physical and chemical characterization near to diesel fuel. Diesel engine performance and exhaust emissions were studied experimentally for burning waste cooking-oil blend with diesel fuel. This experimental was applied on a diesel engine at different engine loads from zero to full load. Thermal efficiencies for waste cooking-oil biodiesel blends were lower than diesel oil. Specific fuel consumptions of biodieselblends were higher than diesel fuel. Higher exhaust gas temperatures were recorded for biodiesel blends compared to diesel oil. CO₂ emissions for waste cooking-oil biodiesel blends were higher than diesel oil. CO, smoke opacity and HC emissions for biodiesel blends were lower than diesel fuel. NO_x emissions for biodiesel blends were higher than diesel fuel.     

柴油馏分加氢精制/临氢降凝一段串联工艺的开发

根据北方寒冷地区市场对柴油牌号需求变化大的特点,研究开发了加氢精制／临氢降凝一段串联工艺,用于处理少质柴油和直馏含蜡馏分油制聚优质凝柴油。该工艺技术具有精制、降凝效果好、原料适应性强、产品方案灵活和工艺流程简单等特点,是目前生产优质低凝柴油的有效方法。该技术在哈尔滨炼油厂的工业应用表明,处理重油催化裂化柴油及它和直馏常三线混合油,在较缓和的操作条件下,可生产出３５－号优质低凝柴油,产品投放市场后每     

Application of Microwave Technology for Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel

The microwave technology was introduced for the desulfurization of diesel fuel. The atmospheric second side-cut diesel fraction, which was supplied by Liaohe Petrochemical Company, was desulfurized by an oxidation process under microwave irradiation. Hydrogen peroxide (H202), can oxidize the sulfur compounds in diesel fuel selectively and convert them into sulfones. Based on the rule of dissolution by similar substances,these sulfones are removed from diesel fuel because they could be dissolved in solvent phase. So the sulfur content of diesel fuel is decreased. The influence of the concentration of oxidizing reagent, solvent phase to oil phase volume ratio (S/O), irradiation pressure, irradiation time, and the irradiation power have been investigated.The optimum conditions for the refining process was determined. The sulfur removal rate was 59.7% under the optimum conditions of 8%H2O2, S/O=0.25, 0.05MPa, 6 min, and 375W, respectively. When no microwave irradiation was applied, the removal rate was 11.5% only.     

催化裂化增产柴油的研究

催化裂化增产柴油是炼油厂多产柴油的重要途径，简要阐述了进料特性和催化化操作条件对柴油产率的影响，增产柴油的裂化催化剂和工艺的初步技术构思与研究试验结果。     

抗静电剂对费托合成燃料馏分的适用性研究

煤经费托(F-T)合成转化为液体燃料,在我国已成为切实可行的技术路线,由于费托合成液体燃料在精制过程中降低了燃油中的硫和芳烃的含量,燃油本身就是静电的不良导体,硫和芳烃含量的降低,使燃料油的导电性降低,为保证这类油品在使用和运输中的安全,应该添加抗静电添加剂,实验表明抗静电添加剂对F-T合成馏分具有良好的抗静电性能。     

兼产喷气燃料和重整原料MHUG技术的工业应用

介绍了MHUG技术用于加工低十六烷值的环烷基柴油原料,兼产部分喷气燃料和重整原料及高十六烷值柴油产品的中试结果以及该技术在中海石油炼化有限责任公司炼油分公司3.6 Mt/a大型工业装置上的运转情况。从工业应用结果来看,在较缓和的工艺条件下,MHUG技术加工低十六烷值的环烷基柴油原料可生产满足欧Ⅴ排放标准的优质柴油及3号喷气燃料和高芳烃潜含量重整原料。