增施腐殖酸生物有机肥在玉米生产中的应用效果

为验证在常规施肥的基础上增施腐殖酸生物有机肥对玉米植株生长及果实成熟的促进作用,开展了田间小区试验。试验共设5个处理,以不施肥为空白对照,测定了常规施肥及增施不同量腐殖酸生物有机肥的玉米在各生育时期的指标。结果表明：在常规施肥的基础上增施腐殖酸生物有机肥对玉米的生长及果实的成熟有明显的促进作用;在常规施肥的基础上亩增施30 kg腐殖酸生物有机肥处理的玉米产量,比常规施肥处理的提高了31.12%。在常规施肥的基础上增施腐殖酸生物有机肥,可以促进玉米的生长和增产。     

不同微量元素浸种对玉米戊唑醇种衣剂药害的缓解效果及作用机理

[目的]研究不同微量元素浸种对玉米戊唑醇种衣剂药害的缓解效果。[方法]选用硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰、硼砂、硫酸锌、钼酸铵、硫酸铜、硅酸钠7种微量元素于不同浓度下分别将玉米种子浸种8 h,晾干后再结合戊唑醇种衣剂以药种比1∶125拌种,于玉米播后10、14、21 d采样测定幼苗生物量和生理生化指标。[结果]戊唑醇种衣剂以药种比1∶125拌种,玉米植株药害明显。7种微量元素均表现出不同程度的缓解作用:硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰、钼酸铵、硫酸铜、硅酸钠能明显增加受害植株的株高和单株鲜质量(地上部分),硫酸锰处理株高相较于戊唑醇处理增加了4.5 cm,提高了45%;硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰、硼砂、钼酸铵能明显增加受害植株叶绿素含量和根系活力,降低脯氨酸含量和SOD活性。[结论]硫酸亚铁、硫酸锰、钼酸铵浸种质量浓度分别为200、400、200 mg/L时对玉米戊唑醇种衣剂药害缓解效果较好。     

酒糟生物有机肥替代化肥在西红柿大田栽培中的应用

采用单纯化肥和减半化肥量用生物有机肥代替进行试验对比,对酒糟生物有机肥在蕃茄生产上的应用效果进行了初步探讨。结果表明:化肥减半后,施用酒糟生物有机肥有如下效果:(1)施用酒糟生物有机肥,比单纯施用化肥,从蕃茄的经济性状来看,单株结果数、平均直径、均果重都有明显增加;(2)施用酒糟生物有机肥比单纯施用化肥增产为792.6-1155.26kg,增产率为12.0-17.48%,在5%显著水平上有显著性和极显著性;(3)化肥减半量用生物有机肥替代后,投入量明显增加,但产量增加的经济效益扣除生物有机肥增加成本后,种植户增加收入1790.52元/亩。     

甘肃华晟生物科技建设20万吨生物有机肥项目

<正>甘肃武威华晟生物科技有限公司年产20万吨生物有机肥与有机无机复混肥项目计划总投资1.97亿元,位于甘肃省武威市凉州区金太阳新能源技术集中区三区,距城区26公里,规划占地300亩。建设期两年,将建设固体有机肥生产车间、液体生物有机肥生产车间、发酵车间等。项目建成后可每年利用当地废弃尾菜、畜禽粪便、秸秆等农业废弃物21万吨,年产固体生物有机肥10万吨、固体生物复混肥8万吨、液体生物有机肥和菌肥各1万吨。全     

不同有机替代减肥方式对玉米生长及土壤肥力的影响

正研究不同有机替代减肥方式对玉米生长及土壤肥力的影响,为玉米生产中减肥增效提供经济可行的施肥方案和理论依据。通过大田试验,设置不施肥空白(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、腐植酸有机肥+氮肥减量10%+磷钾肥(HF)、肥料增效剂+氮肥减量10%+磷钾肥(BN)、商品有机肥+氮肥减量10%+磷钾肥(OF)5个处理。结果表明:较CF处理,HF、BN和OF处理促进了玉米的生长,增加了不同生育期的玉米株高和茎粗;     

含戊唑醇种衣剂对小麦的药害及其缓解药剂的研究

[目的]研究了含戊唑醇种衣剂对小麦的药害和不同缓解药剂对其药害的缓解效果。[方法]选用白土、膨润土、活性炭等9种吸附型缓解药剂于相同用量下分别将其与戊唑醇种衣剂混合,再以药种比1∶375包衣小麦种子,于小麦播种后7、10、14 d采样测定幼苗形态学指标和生理生化指标。[结果]戊唑醇种衣剂以药种比1∶375包衣小麦种子,小麦幼苗药害显著。9种缓解药剂均表现出不同程度的缓解作用:白土、泥粉处理和药害处理相比,显著增加小麦根长、株高和单株鲜重,提高小麦植株根系活力;膨润土处理在小麦播种后7 d能明显缓解受到药害植株的根长、株高和单株鲜重;硅胶粉处理在小麦播种后10 d能明显缓解受到药害植株的株高和单株鲜重,改善叶绿素含量和丙二醛含量。[结论]本研究结果为预防和减轻戊唑醇种衣剂对小麦的药害提供参考。     

《面喷施水溶性生物腐植酸有机肥对马铃薯产量的影响

通过设置不同追肥用量,研究了追施水溶性生物腐植酸有机肥对马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明：施用水溶性生物腐植酸有机肥后,与对照相比,马铃薯均有不同程度的增产,增幅范围为4.02%～43.51%,单株结薯数增加了0.1～1.0个/株,单株块茎重增加了0.007～0.080千克/株。叶面喷施水溶性生物腐植酸有机肥的增产效果随着用量的减少而减弱。当追肥用量为50.01 L/hm^2时,为最佳经济用量,其产投比达9.95,比C K提高12.91%;继续增加用量,经济效益反而有所下降。在马铃薯现蕾期后,连续喷施水溶性生物腐植酸有机肥能起到增产、增收的效果。     

海洋能源微藻的筛选及初步评价

从黄海、南海部分海域采集水样,分离纯化了240株微藻,对其进行了分类与鉴定,从其中挑选8株生长较快的藻种进行扩大培养。经离心,冷冻干燥后得到藻粉,进而对藻种的淀粉、纤维素、总脂及可溶性糖含量进行了测量,以期筛选到目标能源微藻藻种。藻株Navicula sp.TW-2的油脂含量达到41.3%,生长速度快,生物量也较大,可以作为制备生物柴油的出发藻种。藻株Nannochloropsis sp.NB-3的纤维素含量达到9.26%,可溶性糖含量达到22.3%,生物量大,经过预处理发酵后生物乙醇产率可达7.75%,是制备生物燃料乙醇的优良藻株。     

矿源黄腐酸钾和生物有机肥不同配比对番茄生长和产量的影响

以番茄为供试作物,采用大田种植的方式,研究矿源黄腐酸钾与生物有机肥不同施肥配比对番茄生长、品质和产量的影响。结果表明,二者配比量在1:50~75的范围内对番茄的株高、茎粗、叶绿素等指标促进效果不同程度高于CK和单独施用生物有机肥处理;同时与CK相比对品质指标Vc和可溶性糖含量的提高达到显著水平。对产量指标进行分析,矿源黄腐酸钾和生物有机肥配比在1:50~150范围可使番茄增产21.20%~27.14%。结合各项指标,本研究推荐矿源黄腐酸钾和生物有机肥配比在1:50~75效果最佳。     

化肥减量配施生物有机肥对玉米生长及土壤微生物和酶活性的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究化肥减量施用条件下,配施不同配比的生物有机肥对玉米生长、产量、土壤生物学特性和养分含量的影响,为化肥减量化应用于玉米生产的实践提供理论依据。试验结果表明:与常规施肥(100%化肥)相比,在化肥减量施用15%～30%的条件下,增施生物有机肥后促进了孕穗期玉米的生长,且当生物有机肥增施量为40 kg/亩(1亩=666.67 m~2)时,玉米产量分别显著提高了12.19%(T2)和8.64%(T4);而当生物有机肥增施量为20 kg/亩时出现了减产效应,其中T3玉米产量显著降低了12.62%;减量化肥增施生物有机肥显著提高了土壤细菌和放线菌数而降低了真菌数,同时提高了土壤脲酶、磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性,进而提高了土壤中有效养分和有机质含量,但当化肥减量施用30%、生物有机肥增施量为20 kg/亩时,其有效养分和总养分含量却低于常规施肥。在化肥减量与生物有机肥增量配比适宜的条件下,才具有增产提质和养地改土的良好效果。     

剩余污泥与秸秆发酵产酸研究进展

随着我国经济的迅猛发展,人们生活水平的提高,所产生的废物量日益增多。目前利用污泥和秸秆作为碳源发酵产酸是一种变废为宝的处理方式。研究表明,发酵前对污泥与秸秆进行适当的处理,可以使有机质的溶出量增大,从而增加VFA的产量。而从发酵产酸的机理入手,研究其产酸的过程,有利于人为调控发酵参数使得VFA的产出量增加。     

Combustion of poultry-derived fuel in a coal-fired pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed combustor

Poultry farming generates large quantities of waste. The current practice is to spread this waste onto farmland as fertilizer. However, as the factory farms for poultry grow both in numbers and size, the amount of waste generated has increased significantly in recent years. In consequence, excessive application of poultry wastes on farmland is resulting in more and more nutrients entering the surface water. One of the options being considered is the use of poultry waste as power plant fuel. Since poultry-derived fuel (PDF) is biomass, its co-firing will have the added advantage of reducing greenhouse gas emissions from power generation. To evaluate the combustion characteristics of co-firing PDF with coal, combustion tests were conducted in CanmetENERGY's pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC). The goal of this program was to verify that PDF can be co-fired with coal and, more importantly, that emissions from the combustion process are not adversely affected by the presence of PDF in the feed. The test results were very promising and support the idea that co-firing in an existing CFBC boiler firing coal is a good way to utilize PDF, resolving a potential waste disposal problem while reducing the amount of CO₂ released from the boiler.     

废胶粉/聚丙烯接枝物共混材料的制备与性能

采用熔融接枝法分别制备了高强度和高熔体流动速率的聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐共聚物,以改善聚丙烯与胶粉间的界面相容性,提高废胶粉/聚丙烯接枝物共混材料的力学性能和流动性.力学性能测试结果表明,随着废胶粉用量的增加,废胶粉/聚丙烯接枝物共混材料的拉伸性能下降,扯断伸长率和缺口冲击强度均增大,熔体流动速率减小,流动性变差.由热重分析...     

剩余活性污泥碱性发酵液用于厌氧交替好氧-缺氧序批式反应器生物除磷脱氮的碳源的研究(英文)

Activated sludge process has been widely used to remove phosphorus and nitrogen from wastewater. However, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal is sometimes unsatisfactory due to the low influent COD. Another problem with the activated sludge process is that large amount of waste activated sludge is produced, which needs further treatment. In this study, the waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation liquid was used as the main carbon source for phosphorus and nitrogen removal under anaerobic followed by alternating aerobic-anoxic conditions, and the results were compared with those using acetic acid as the carbon source. The use of alkaline fermentation liquid not only affected the transformations of phosphorus, nitrogen, intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen, but also led to higher removal efficiencies for phosphorus and nitrogen compared with acetic acid. It was observed that ammonium was completely removed with either alkaline fermentation liquid or acetic acid as the carbon source. However, the former resulted in higher removal efficiencies for phosphorus (95%) and nitrogen (82%), while the latter showed lower ones (87% and 74%, respectively). The presence of a large amount of propionic acid in the alkaline fermentation liquid was one possible reason for its higher phosphorus removal efficiency. Exogenous instead of endogenous denitrification was the main pathway for nitrogen removal with the alkaline fermentation liquid as the carbon source, which was responsible for its higher nitrogen removal efficiency. It seems that the alkaline fermentation liquid can replace acetic acid as the carbon source for phosphorus and nitrogen removal in anaerobic followed by alternating aerobic-anoxic sequencing batch reactor.     

PRELIMINARY STUDIES ON EXTRACTIVE PHENYLALANINE FERMENTATION WITH UNCHARGED POLYMERIC BEADS

Extractive fermentation was used for phenylalanine production to prevent the crystallization of phenylalanine during the fermentation. Instead of the conventionally used ion exchange resin, uncharged polystyrene beads (Amberlite XAD-16) were used to extract phenylalanine from the fermentation broth. The experimental results obtained using a baffled shake flask showed that phenylalanine was not produced when the beads were added at the same time as the inoculum. From the detailed studies, it was found that hydrophobic nutrients such as tyrosine and colored materials from the soybean hydrolysate adsorbed onto the beads as well as phenylalanine. In order to overcome this problem, the beads were gradually added during the course of the fermentation to minimize the adsorption of the hydrophobic medium components. Using the gradual addition of the polymeric beads during fermentation, an equivalent amount of phenylalanine was produced as compared to the control, and 40% of the phenylalanine produced was extracted during the fermentation. It was concluded that extractive fermentation using polymeric beads could be an effective way of preventing the crystallization of phenylalanine during fermentation.     

废弃活性炭在配煤炼焦中的应用研究

用5kg实验焦炉进行配煤炼焦实验,研究了废弃活性炭的添加量与粒径大小对焦炭质量的影响,结果表明：配入一定量的废弃活性炭替代瘦煤进行配煤炼焦是可行的,废弃活性炭的配入量和粒径分别控制在0.5%～2%、0.5～1.0mm时,对焦炭的冷态强度与热态强度不产生影响。用废弃活性炭替代瘦煤炼焦,可以降低配合煤成本,有效解决资源浪费以及环境污染等方面的问题。     

液相本体法聚丙烯工业废水排放的优化

通过对聚丙烯工业废水排放问题的研究探讨,提出了相应的工艺优化方案,并在生产中予以实施。结果表明:在一定程度上降低了废水排放量;实现了工业用水循环使用的目的。     

Stepwise optimisation of enzyme production in solid state fermentation of waste bread pieces

When it is not consumed, bread presents a major source of food waste, both in terms of the amount and its economic value. However, bread also possesses the characteristics of an ideal substrate for solid state fermentation. Yet nearly all wasted bread ends up in landfill sites, where it is converted into methane by anaerobic digestion. Governments are finally taking action and, according to the EU Landfill Directive, for example, biodegradable municipal waste disposed into landfills must be decreased to 35% of 1995 levels, by 2020. Solid state fermentation of waste bread for the production of value added products is a novel idea, which could help with the achievement of this target. In this study, glucoamylase and protease production from waste bread pieces, via solid state fermentation, was investigated in detail. The optimum fermentation conditions for enzyme production were evaluated as, 20 mm particle size, 1.8 (w/w, db) initial moisture ratio, and duration of 144 h. Under these conditions, glucoamylase and protease activities reached up to 114.0 and 83.2 U/g bread (db), respectively. This study confirms that waste bread could be successfully utilised as a primary raw material in cereal based biorefineries.     

Leaching behavior of fly ash-waste glass and fly ash-slag-waste glass-based geopolymers

The leaching behavior of contaminants in the fly ash/waste glass or fly ash/blast furnace slag/waste glass-based geopolymers was investigated through surface area analysis and leaching tests. Spent fluorescent lamps classified as hazardous waste due to their specific contaminant contents were used as a source of waste glass. The results from semi-dynamic leaching tests showed that the mobility of contaminants increases as the amount of waste glass added to the synthesis mixture increases. These results are consistent with those obtained from the surface area analysis. However, the comparative analysis of mobility of contaminants between types of activated mixtures highlighted a different trend of mobility of contaminants to that of pore size distributions. Therefore, the leaching behavior of contaminants suggests that their immobilization in the activated mixtures might occur by both physical and chemical mechanisms. Also, it was emphasized that waste glass is not compliant with respect to its leachable Hg content, and that Hg and Pb exhibit high mobility in the geopolymers with high amount of waste glass added to the synthesis mixtures.     

高级氧化技术处理印染废水

应用高级氧化技术对印染厂在生化处理前后所排放的废水进行试验,结果表明,随着O3发生强度和H2O2用量的增加,反应速率和CODCr脱除量增加。UV的辐射加速了氧化反应的进行。高级氧化技术也是印染废水脱色行之有效的好方法。