基于修正软化拉-压杆模型的型钢#br# 混凝土深梁受剪承载力研究

为研究型钢混凝土深梁的受剪承载力,完成7组型钢混凝土深梁的静力试验和有限元分析,主要考虑剪跨比、型钢腹板高度及翼缘宽度等影响因素。试件的破坏模式为斜压破坏和剪切破坏。剪跨比对破坏形态有较大影响,较大的型钢腹板高度和翼缘宽度显著提高试件受剪承载力。在试验研究和有限元分析的基础上,考虑钢筋混凝土部分的软化效应、非软化混凝土与型钢翼缘的协调变形作用及腹板部分的受剪贡献,建立修正软化拉-压杆模型,并采用叠加原理推导型钢混凝土深梁受剪承载力实用计算方法。结果表明：修正软化拉-压杆模型能较好地反映型钢混凝土深梁的破坏特征和受力机制,文中提出的受剪承载力计算方法与试验数据吻合较好,对受剪影响因素考虑更加全面,能较好地预测型钢混凝土深梁的受剪承载力。     

腹杆形式对钢管混凝土桁梁受力性能影响的研究

进行了3榀钢管混凝土桁梁试件四分点对称加载静力试验,研究腹杆布置形式对整体受力性能的影响,并探讨了有限元法和节点承载力验算方法。试验研究结果表明,3榀桁梁试件的整体极限承载力和极限变形能力从大到小的腹杆布置形式为修正的Warren式、Pratt式和Warren式。不同腹杆布置形式的桁梁节点失效模式不同,修正的Warren桁梁和Pratt桁梁的节点失效模式为弦杆钢管扯裂失效,而Warren桁梁为受压腹杆接头局部屈曲。通过对比荷载-变形关系实测曲线与计算曲线,对有限元梁单元模型计算钢管混凝土桁梁整体受力性能的精度进行了分析。在不考虑节点处弦杆钢管与管内混凝土界面非线性的影响时,有限元刚接梁单元模型和铰接梁单元模型计算的整体极限承载力均大于实测值,而计算变形值均小于实测值。与铰接梁单元模型比较,刚接梁单元模型计算的弹塑性阶段整体抗弯刚度及整体极限承载力的精度更高。刚接梁单元模型计算的腹杆轴力与实测值吻合良好。当忽略腹杆弯矩影响时,桁梁节点承     

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正《土木建筑与环境工程》05/2016钢筋混凝土无腹筋细长梁剪切破坏机理模型研究综述文章介绍了基于修正压力场理论的抗剪模型、临界剪切裂缝理论、塑性理论、压力路径理论、劈裂破坏理论和基于截面应变分析的抗剪模型的基本假设、核心观点及受剪承载力计算方法,并给出总结、归纳及评析;另一方面,利用相关试验数据和ACI无腹筋细长梁剪切破坏数据库,分别对不同理论模型的受剪承载力计算公式进行了     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁承载能力分析的变角桁架模型

为了研究侵蚀环境下锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁在长期荷载作用下的承载能力,以荷载作用下锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁为研究对象,分析了钢筋锈蚀对混凝土梁黏结强度的影响,基于拉-压杆模型和标准桁架模型分别对锈蚀梁进行了承载力计算,进一步采用考虑钢筋锈蚀影响的修正变角桁架模型计算锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的承载力,并通过49组锈蚀混凝土梁的试验数据对建议模型进行验证。结果表明:锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁承载力的试验值与变角桁架模型理论计算值之比的平均值为0.990,方差为0.071,二者吻合较好。采用变角桁架模型可精确计算锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的承载力并预测其破坏模式,建议模型可用于锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁承载能力分析研究。     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁承载能力分析的变角桁架模型

为了研究侵蚀环境下锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁在长期荷载作用下的承载能力,以荷载作用下锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁为研究对象,分析了钢筋锈蚀对混凝土梁黏结强度的影响,基于拉-压杆模型和标准桁架模型分别对锈蚀梁进行了承载力计算,进一步采用考虑钢筋锈蚀影响的修正变角桁架模型计算锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的承载力,并通过49组锈蚀混凝土梁的试验数据对建议模型进行验证。结果表明:锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁承载力的试验值与变角桁架模型理论计算值之比的平均值为0.990,方差为0.071,二者吻合较好。采用变角桁架模型可精确计算锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的承载力并预测其破坏模式,建议模型可用于锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁承载能力分析研究。     

锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁承载能力分析的变角桁架模型

为了研究侵蚀环境下锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁在长期荷载作用下的承载能力，以荷载作用下锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁为研究对象，分析了钢筋锈蚀对混凝土梁黏结强度的影响，基于拉-压杆模型和标准桁架模型分别对锈蚀梁进行了承载力计算，进一步采用考虑钢筋锈蚀影响的修正变角桁架模型计算锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的承载力，并通过49组锈蚀混凝土梁的试验数据对建议模型进行验证。结果表明：锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁承载力的试验值与变角桁架模型理论计算值之比的平均值为0.990，方差为0.071，二者吻合较好。采用变角桁架模型可精确计算锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁的承载力并预测其破坏模式，建议模型可用于锈蚀钢筋混凝土梁承载能力分析研究。     

框支连续墙梁抗震性能研究及设计计算

通过对七榀１／２比例两跨框支墙梁的模型试验，对试验模型在竖向及反复水平荷载作用下的破坏机理、水平承载力和变形性能等进行了分析，提出了墙梁水平承载力和侧向刚度的计算公式以及墙梁的抗震设计建议。     

基于Timoshenko与高阶剪切变形梁理论的RC梁极限承载力分析

分别应用Timoshenko和高阶剪切变形梁理论,推导出能够考虑剪切变形的钢筋混凝土梁柱截面非线性分析模型,并提出应用横向正应变和剪应变的关系系数来计算混凝土开裂后的截面高度变形,采用基于修正斜压场理论的Stevens等的本构模型以避免混凝土的裂缝验算;数值模拟了正截面破坏以及集中荷载作用下有腹筋和无腹筋RC梁的极限承载力。结果表明:按2种理论计算的结果与试验数据吻合良好;基于Timoshenko梁理论的分析模型的结果更接近试验数据,收敛性也更好。     

模块化装配式钢结构桁架梁承载力性能研究

对装配式钢结构住宅体系的钢桁架梁承载力进行研究,采用有限元软件ANSYS建立不同跨度、不同弦杆尺寸的钢桁架梁有限元模型,对其进行非线性静力分析,对比不同参数桁架梁的荷载-位移曲线,对桁架梁的极限承载能力以及变形破坏特性进行分析研究,获得装配式钢结构体系中钢桁架梁的破坏机理。钢桁架梁破坏时塑性区主要在跨中弦杆处,而腹杆相对受力较小,跨中弦杆先于腹杆破坏,满足"强剪弱弯"的设计要求;各桁架梁屈服荷载与极限荷载相差比较大,使得构件从屈服到破坏有较大的延性空间。     

基于微观断裂机制的XK型相贯节点极限承载力分析

采用基于微观断裂机制的空穴扩张模型（VGM）和应力修正应变模型（SMCS）对XK型相贯节点进行断裂预测,分析了有限元模型中考虑焊缝构型与否对断裂预测结果的影响。通过与试验结果的对比,证明了合理考虑焊缝构型在相贯节点断裂预测中的重要性,验证了VGM模型用于预测相贯节点在单调荷载作用下延性断裂的适用性。分析了XK型相贯节点在腹杆轴力作用下的破坏模式和极限承载力。结果表明,XK型相贯节点可能在受拉腹杆与弦杆之间的焊缝处发生断裂,这种破坏模式属于强度破坏,节点极限承载力应取该断裂荷载|XK型相贯节点也可能在受压腹杆与弦杆相交处因过大的塑性变形而破坏,此时,节点极限承载力应取荷载-弦杆变形曲线的峰值荷载。XK型相贯节点的破坏模式与节点几何构造和腹杆受力状态有关。     

Load rating of concrete-deck-on-steel-stringer bridges using field-calibrated 2D-grid models

This paper presents and discusses issues related to structural identification, calibrated model-based load rating, and sensitivity of rating to the analytical model, along with experimental studies conducted on an existing concrete-deck-on-steel-stringer bridge. The proposed model-updating procedure uses collected dynamic data (mode shapes, modal frequencies, and order of modes) as well as static deformed shape information. Two-dimensional (2D) grid models were developed to successfully simulate the transverse load transfer mechanisms between girders, torsional flexibility, and effects of skewed bridge architecture. The rating results obtained from the 2D-grid models were close to 3D-FEM-based evaluation, while simplified 1D bar models had serious shortcomings. Grouping the parameters of the analytical model at different stages of model calibration enhanced the speed and convergence success of the objective function. Although cross-braces are considered as non-structural members, they have been found to be the most critical members of the selected bridge during rating studies. Failure of cross-braces deemed to alter the load transfer mechanism between girders and possibly resulting in the premature failures of interior girders.     

Measured behavior of a curved composite I-girder bridge

Current techniques for the rating of horizontally curved composite steel girder bridges often use approximate methods of linear elastic analysis based on the assessment of individual straight girders with altered properties to account for member curvature. This paper summarizes measured versus computed results from a field test with heavy live load conducted on a multi-span, horizontally curved composite steel I-girder bridge in Duluth, Minnesota. Eight 320 kN (72,000 lb) trucks were placed on the bridge in 43 static and 13 dynamic loading configurations, and the results were compared to those obtained from linear elastic grillage analyses. Stresses up to 75% of the girder yield stress were obtained in the bridge, whose design was controlled by strength, thus representing some of the largest stresses ever achieved in an instrumented curved steel girder bridge, and behavior is described in the girders, diaphragms, lateral wind bracing, deck, bearings, and fatigue details. Grillage analyses are developed and used to corroborate the results and assess the accuracy of these procedures for load rating of bridges.     

Behavior of instrumented prestressed high performance concrete bridge girders

A comprehensive monitoring of the behavior of four prestressed high performance concrete (HPC) bridge girders, with higher compressive strength, during construction and while in-service, is presented. The monitoring program covered instrumentation and monitoring of a series of four girders during the casting operation, after construction, under the effects of traffic and thermal loads, as well as under controlled load conditions. Information regarding transfer length, prestress loss, heat of hydration, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), creep, shrinkage, coefficient of thermal expansion, and chloride permeability of the concrete used is obtained and presented. Furthermore, the in-service monitoring and controlled load tests and details regarding thermal expansion, bridge stiffness, and load distribution factors are also presented. This paper provides details of testing of the concrete properties and field instrumentation of the bridge girders as well as a discussion of service level monitoring and controlled load testing. Comparisons are made between experimental and theoretical results.     

斜靠式拱桥侧倾失稳临界荷载解析解

以新型空间拱桥——斜靠式拱桥为研究对象,提出斜靠式拱桥发生侧倾失稳时主拱肋与稳定拱肋间横撑切向和径向受力模型,基于Ritz法,构造桥梁各主要构件的变形能、外力势能以及吊杆非保向力势,首次推导出斜靠式拱桥侧倾失稳临界荷载的解析解,并通过与有限元计算结果比较,验证该解析解计算公式的正确性。进一步分析稳定拱肋、吊杆非保向力、以及主拱肋与稳定拱肋间横撑对斜靠式拱桥侧倾失稳临界荷载的影响。研究结果表明:①增设稳定拱肋可使桥梁侧倾失稳临界荷载提高1.6～1.8倍左右,同时随着稳定拱肋倾角的增加,临界荷载呈增大趋势;②受吊杆非保向力以及桥面系的影响,桥梁侧倾失稳临界荷载可提高约3.5倍左右;③横撑的径向抗弯刚度对斜靠式拱桥侧向失稳临界荷载影响较大。     

波形或桁架式钢腹板的预应力钢混组合桥主梁的安全性能和使用性能评估

在许多国家,预应力混凝土箱梁被认为是中等跨径(30～50m)混凝土梁最有效的结构形式。但是当混凝土梁的单跨长度超过50m时,相对钢梁,混凝土箱梁自重问题成为其最大约束。因此,在韩国,中等跨径桥梁主要采用钢箱梁。在20世纪,研究者们多次尝试提高预应力混凝土箱梁结构的有效性,最终采用混凝土-钢混合梁以减轻结构自重。但是,混合桥采用不同类型钢腹板及不同连接形式,会引起结构安全性能和使用性能的变化。为了全面了解钢腹板梁及钢腹板连接形式的性能,对5根带腹板的预应力混凝土梁进行静力荷载试验。这5根试件中,有2根混合梁采用波形钢腹板,而另3根采用桁架式钢腹板。结果显示:通过加强钢腹板与预应力筋的连接节点,可以改善使用性能相关问题(开裂荷载和挠度)及安全性能相关问题(刚度和极限承载力)。     

Analysis of Bridge Condition Rating Data Using Neural Networks

Currently bridges are evaluated using either a visual inspection process or a detailed structural analysis. When bridge evaluation is conducted by a visual inspection, a subjective rating is assigned to a bridge component. With analytical evaluation, the rating is computed based on the load applied and the resistance of the bridge component. There have been several attempts to correlate the subjective rating to the analytical rating. The conventional statistical analyses, as well as methods based on fuzzy logic, have not been very successful in providing a clear relationship between the two rating systems. This paper describes the application of neural network systems in developing the relation between subjective ratings and bridge parameters as well as that between subjective and analytical ratings. It is shown that neural networks can be trained and used successfully in estimating a rating based on bridge parameters. The specific application problem for railroad bridges in the commuter rail system in the Chicago metropolitan area is presented. The study showed that a successful training of a network can be achieved, especially if the input data set contains parameters with a diverse combination of intercorrelation coefficients. When the relationship between the bridge subjective rating and bridge parameters was investigated, the network had a prediction rating of about 73%. The study also investigated the relation between the subjective and analytical rating. In this case, the prediction rate was about 43%. Compared with conventional statistical methods and the fuzzy‐logic approach, the neural network system had a much better performance ratio in establishing the relation between the bridge rating and bridge parameters.     

Analytical prediction of transfer length in prestressed self-consolidating concrete girders using pull-out test results

While self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is comparable to conventional concrete (CC) in terms of strength, the comparability of SCC’s bond to steel is less well-defined. A keen understanding of SCC’s bond strength is essential to advance SCC within the prestressed concrete industry. This study presents an analytical method for predicting the transfer length of steel strands in prestressed girders using pull-out test results. The experimental data from a series of 56 pull-out tests is utilized to derive bond stress–slip relationships for 12.7 mm steel strands embedded in SCC and CC. Modification factors are used to correlate pullout bond stresses to transfer bond stresses in prestressed members, and the modified relationships are integrated in three-dimensional finite element models to predict transfer lengths in prestressed SCC girders. The analytical predictions correlate well with experimental results and transfer length requirements of current US design codes.     

基于荷载试验的大跨钢拱桥承载能力评估

为了解大跨钢拱桥的力学特性,评价其实际承载能力,以厦门五石桥为工程背景,对该桥的动静态力学性能进行了有限元数值分析和动静载试验研究.试验与分析结果表明:静载作用下,该桥拱肋、主梁的应力和变形试验校验系数均在正常范围内,弹性工作性能良好,具有足够的强度和刚度;钢主梁剪力滞效应比较明显,顶底板纵向应力沿横断面近似呈V形分布;动载作用下,结构动态放大系数处于正常范围,结构动力性能良好.     

工字形复合曲线梁桥的性能研究

目前在计算水平弯曲的复合钢梁桥时,通常采用一种近似方法,即单个直梁的线弹性分析法,其中具有可变参数以考虑构件曲率。归纳了明尼苏达州德卢斯的一个具有较重活荷载的多跨水平弯曲工字形复合钢梁桥的现场试验数据和计算结果。将8个320kN的卡车以43种静力加载和13种动力加载的方式放置在桥上,并将试验结果与线弹性梁格分析中得到的结果进行对比。桥被设计为由强度控制,梁的应力达到了屈服应力的75%,有些部位甚至达到了最大应力,同时,对梁、隔板、水平抗风支撑、桥面板、轴承的性能和疲劳特性进行了描述。采用梁格分析以验证这些方法对于计算梁桥承载能力的有效性和准确性。     

Field investigation of ultra-high performance concrete shear key in an adjacent box-girder bridge

Adjacent box girders are widely used in short to intermediate span bridges in several states because they make bridges quick and easy to build. However, the strength and serviceability of this type of bridge can frequently be compromised by the reductions in efficiency of load transfer and shear resistance due to joint degradation at the shear keys. Because of its superior mechanical properties and improved durability, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been proposed as an alternative grout material to eliminate shear key degradation. In this project, a single-span adjacent box-girder bridge was instrumented and monitored to investigate the performance of the UHPC shear keys under truck loads. The parameters of primary importance to shear key performance were identified from the response data. A finite element (FE) model of the bridge was developed to evaluate the efficiency of the load transfer mechanism at the UHPC joints. The UHPC shear key and transverse shear reinforcement bars fully transferred the load through the joints due to high bond strength of UHPC. The maximum relative displacement for all load cases was 0.151?mm (0.00594 in.) insufficient to cause damage to the UHPC shear key interface.