Hydrophilic polycarbonate chips for generation of oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions

Modification of the surfaces of polycarbonate (PC) with the use of a solution of tin (II) chloride renders them hydrophilic. The surface draping is stable against exposure to water and to alcohols. Exposure to alkanes reduces but does not diminish the effect. The method is compatible—in using the same solvent and temperature—with the hydrophobic modification of PC (Jankowski et al. in Lab Chip 11:1151–1156, 2011). The combination of these methods makes it possible to generate single and multiple monodisperse emulsions with the use of flow-focusing junctions in systems made in PC—a material that is suitable for fabrication of multilayer, high-throughput microfluidic devices.     

A simple method for the formation of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsions

A simple, low-cost and reliable method for the formation of double emulsions is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The formation process consists of two steps: (1) the formation of water-in-oil droplets at a co-flowing structure formed by a syringe needle and a flexible microtubing, and (2) the formation of water-in-oil-in-water compound droplets at the tip of the microtubing by buoyancy. Since the droplets flow directly from the first step to the second step in the tubing without any disturbance, problems such as droplet coalescence, breakup, leakage and contamination can be avoided automatically. The breakup processes of the core droplets and the compound droplets are analyzed. The sizes of the core and the shell droplets and the volume fraction in the compound droplets are controlled by adjusting the corresponding flow rates. Scaling relationships for the number of cores and the size of the compound droplets are proposed. Due to the simplicity of this method and the flexibility in controlling the properties of the double emulsions, this method shows great potential in the relevant applications .     

Centrifugal generation and manipulation of droplet emulsions

This work for the first time describes a centrifugal technique for the production and manipulation of highly monodisperse water droplets (CV of droplet diameter below 2%) immersed in a continuous flow of immiscible oil. Within a given working range, droplet volumes (5–22 nL) and their mutual spacing is governed by the channel geometry and the frequency of rotation. Different regimes of liquid–liquid flows are presented. We also demonstrate capabilities like droplet splitting and sedimentation as well as the production of two colored droplets, thus setting the stage for a novel centrifugal platform for multiphase flows.     

具有O(n)时间复杂度的分布式请求集生成算法

在大规模完全分布式系统的互斥问题上,快速生成请求集是必要的。在基于松弛差集的相关原理上,引入了二次松弛差集的概念。经分析相关概念及定理,将原本“求差”的过程变为“求和”的过程;进而利用 “求和”步骤间的递推关系,大大减少了求和步骤,使整个算法的时间复杂度控制在O(n)。与时间复杂度同为O(n^2)的其他经典算法相比,生成的请求集长度仍保持在2n^(1/2)的数量级。     

Microstructural,dielectric and piezoelectric properties of low-temperature sintering Pb(Co1/2W1/2)O3–Pb(Mn1/2Nb2/3)O3–Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 ceramics with the addition of Li2CO3 and Bi2O3

In this study, in order to develop the low-temperature sintering ceramics for multilayer piezoelectric devices, Pb(Co_1/2W_1/2)O₃–Pb(Mn_1/2Nb_2/3)O₃–Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PCW–PMN–PZT) ceramics doped with Li₂CO₃, Bi₂O₃ and CuO as sintering aids were manufactured, and their microstructural, dielectric and piezoelectric properties were investigated. When the only CuO was added, specimens could not be sintered below 980 °C. However, when Li₂CO₃ and Bi₂O₃ with CuO were simultaneously added to the basic composition ceramics, specimens could be sintered below 980 °C. The addition of Li₂CO₃ and Bi₂O₃ were proved to lower sintering temperature of piezoelectric ceramics due to the effect of Li₂CO₃–Bi₂O₃ liquid phase. Piezoelectric properties of Li₂CO₃ and Bi₂O₃ added specimens showed higher values than those of the only CuO added specimens. At 0.2 wt% Li₂CO₃ and 0.3 wt% Bi₂O₃ added specimen sintered at 920 °C, the dielectric constant (ɛ_r) of 1457, electromechanical coupling factor (k_p) of 0.56 and mechanical quality factor (Q_m) of 1000 were shown, respectively. It is considered that these values are suitable for piezoelectric device application such as multilayer piezoelectric transformer and ultrasonic vibrator with pure Ag internal electrode.     

Shortcuts to adiabatic passage for generation of W states of distant atoms

With the help of quantum Zeno dynamics, we propose fast and noise-resistant schemes for preparing the W states in the indirectly coupled cavity systems via the inverse engineering-based Lewis–Riesenfeld invariant (IBLR). Comparing with the original adiabatic passage method, the results show that the time needed to prepare the desired state is reduced and the effects of the atomic spontaneous emission and the cavity decay on the fidelity are suppressed. Moreover, this scheme can also be generalized to generation of N-atom W states. Not only the total operation time, but also the robustness against decoherence is insensitive to the number of atoms. It proves that our scheme is useful in scalable distributed quantum information processing and contributes to the understanding of more complex systems via shortcuts to adiabatic passage based on Lewis–Riesenfeld invariants.     

O（m^2）时间求解SAT问题的随机算法

传统的求解SAT问题的随机算法主要是对满足解进行搜索,在找不到满足解的情况下,则无法正确判断问题的可满足性。该文提出了两个时间复杂度为O（m^2）求解SAT问题的随机算法SatTestl和SatTest2,这里m为CNF公式中的子句数。这两个随机算法是通过对不满足解数的估计来判断SAT问题的可满足性,不同于传统的随机算法。其中第二个算法SatTest2在搜索满足解的同时又可以对不满足解数进行估计,是对传统随机算法的重要改进。试验结果表明,文中提出的算法对相变区域的难SAT实例有较好的求解能力。     

On the uniform finite generation of SO(n, )

A Lie group G, generated by two one-parameter subgroups is said to be uniformly finitely generated by them if there exists a positive integer N such that every element of G can be expressed as a product of at most N elements chosen alternately from the two one-parameter subgroups. In this paper we construct pairs of generators of so(n) whose one-parameter subgroups uniformly finitely generate SO(n) and as a consequence, we put an upper bound on the number of switches required to join any two points on a manifold M trajectories of two particular vector fields on M.     

An O(log n) pyramid hough transform

This paper describes a divide-and-conquer Hough transform technique for detecting a given number of straight edges or lines in an image. This technique is designed for implementation on a pyramid of processors, and requires only O(log n) computational steps for an image of size n × n.     

Communication generation for aligned and cyclic(k) distributionsusing integer lattice

Optimizing communication is a key issue in generating efficient SPMD codes in compiling distributed arrays on data parallel languages, such as High Performance Fortran. In HPF, the array distribution may involve alignment and cyclic(k)-distribution such that the enumeration of the local set and the enumeration of the communication set exhibit regular patterns which can be modeled as integer lattices. In the special case of unit-strided alignment, many techniques of the communication set enumeration have been proposed, while in the general case of the non-unit-strided alignment, inspector-like run-time codes are needed to build repeating pattern table or to scan over local elements such that the communication set can be constructed. Unlike other works on this problem of the general alignment and cyclic(k) distribution, our approach derives an algebraic solution for such an integer lattice that models the communication set by using the Smith-Normal-Form analysis, therefore, efficient enumeration of the communication set can be generated. Based on the integer lattice, we also present our algorithm for the SPMD code generation. In our approach, when the parameters are known, the SPMD program can be efficiently constructed without any inspector-like run-time codes     

背包类问题的并行O(25n/6)时间-空间-处理机折衷

将串行动态二表算法应用于并行三表算法的设计中,提出一种求解背包、精确的可满足性和集覆盖等背包类NP完全问题的并行三表六子表算法.基于EREW-PRAM模型,该算法可使用O(2n/8)的处理机在O(27n/16)的时间和O(213n/48)的空间求解n维背包类问题,其时间-空间-处理机折衷为O(25n/6).与现有文献的性能对比分析表明,该算法极大地提高了并行求解背包类问题的时间-空间-处理机折衷性能.由于该算法能够破解更高维数的背包类公钥和数字水印系统,其结论在密钥分析领域具有一定的理论和实际意义.     

Use of random time-intervals (RTIs) generation for biometric verification

We explore the possibility of using human-generated time-series as biometric signature. Adopting a simple psychometric procedure, in which a button is pressed in entirely random manner, successive elapsed times are registered and gathered in a signal reflecting user's internal cognitive processes. By reconstructing and comparing the dynamics across repetitions from the same subject a noticeable consistency was observed. Moreover, the dynamics showed a prominent idiosyncratic character when realizations from different subjects were contrasted. We established an appropriate similarity measure to systematize such comparisons and experimentally verified that it is feasible to restore someone's identity from RTI (random time-interval) signals. By incorporating it in an SVM-based verification system, which was trained and tested using a medium sized dataset (from 40 persons), a considerably low equal error rate (EER) of ∼5% was achieved. RTI signals can be collected effortlessly and this makes our approach appealing, especially in transactions mediated by standard pc terminal keyboards or even telephone keypads.     

An O(V 5/3 E 2/3) algorithm for the maximal flow problem

Summary A new algorithm for finding a maximal flow in a given network is presented. The algorithm runs in time O(V ^5/3 E ^2/3), where V and E are the number of the vertices and edges in the network. We use the notation A = 0(B) [A = Ω(B)] for A ≦ cB [A ≧ cB], and A = θ(B) for c ₁ B≦A ≦ c ₂ B where c, c ₁and c ₂are positive constants. (The same constants for all the occurrences of this notation)     

FeTCPP/Ti0.7W0.3O2复合材料的制备及其H2O2传感器应用

通过静电吸附的方式在金红石相掺钨二氧化钛(Ti0.7W0.3O2)表面组装了铁卟啉(FeTCPP)大环分子,合成了具有仿生功能的FeTCPP/Ti0.7W0.3O2纳米复合材料,并将其修饰于玻碳电极上,制备了一种新型的无酶H2O2传感器.利用紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对纳米复合材料进行了表征,并利用循环伏安(CV)法研究了传感器对H2O2的电催化还原性能.结果表明:该传感器对H2O2有良好的电催化效果,在4.998×10-7～1.194×10-5 mol/L范围内H2O2的浓度与电流响应呈线性关系(R=0.997),检测限为1.105 ×l0-8mol/L(S/N =3).     

An O(N) algorithm for polygonal approximation

A new, sequential algorithm for polygonal approximation of plane, closed curves is presented. It runs in O(N) time and is based on a tolerance independent of the scale factor.     

An O(T2) boundary layer in sliding mode for sampled-datasystems

The use of a discontinuous control law (typically, sign functions) in a sampled-data system will bring about chattering phenomenon in the vicinity of the sliding manifold, leading to a boundary layer with thickness O(T), where T is the sampling period. However, by proper consideration of the sampling phenomenon in the discrete-time sliding mode control design, the thickness of the boundary layer can be reduced to O(T²). In contrast to discontinuous control for continuous-time VSS, the discrete-time sliding mode control need not be of switching type     

Extending next generation network (NGN) architecture for connection-oriented transport

Next Generation Network (NGN) is the architecture of the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T in short) supporting the provisioning of Quality of Service (QoS)-guaranteed services over different packet transport technologies. Such capability derives from the effectiveness of a dynamic resource control performed by the Resource Admission Control Function (RACF) at service set-up.Control Plane (CP)-enabled connection-oriented transport networks can guarantee the QoS support for new bandwidth-greedy NGN services across the optical transport segment thanks to the ability of automatic path set-up and traffic segregation. But the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard for the CP in transport networks, i.e., the Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS) is not yet included within the NGN supported transport technologies.In this work, we outline architectural guidelines and design strategies for ITU-T RACF employment across GMPLS-controlled networks while providing a viable solution for dynamic resource control that takes into account operational issues for the integration of GMPLS capabilities within NGN architecture (i.e., supported interfaces, actual node capabilities).An NGN prototype implementing the proposed architectural enhancement is also presented as a proof of concept. The prototype highlights how the extended ITU-T NGN can set-up Multimedia over IP (MoIP) services using GMPLS-controlled transport objects.     

PROFIBUS-DP总线I/O设备的开发——基于XGate-DPS10的应用——下篇(软件设计)

<正>如果说硬件是设备的躯体,那么软件则是设备的灵魂。上期文章中详细介绍了基于XGate-DPS10的总线I/O设备硬件设计,至此,已构建了一个完整的设备躯体。但是,这个设备还不能正常运行,因为它还没有灵魂,不知道自己该做什么,怎么做。本期文章将介绍如何使用XGate-DPS软件库设计设备软件,通过下面的介绍,您可以快速地让您的设备具有思想,最终成为一个功能完整的设备。