再生砖骨料混凝土力学性能及破坏机理研究

以8种设计配合比的再生砖骨料次轻混凝土为研究对象,以水灰比、最大骨料尺寸和粗骨料种类为试验参数,开展了混凝土干密度、立方体抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度试验研究,重点分析了骨料界面特征与再生砖骨料混凝土的破坏机理.结果表明:使用再生粘土砖骨料制备的次轻混凝土28 d抗压强度可达36 MPa,干密度不大于2200 kg/m3,能够减轻自重8％～16％;随着水灰比和取代率的降低,混凝土抗压和劈裂抗拉强度均呈显著增加的趋势;最大骨料尺寸对混凝土抗压和劈裂抗拉强度的影响较小;拟合所得混凝土干密度与力学性能换算公式的相关性较好;砖骨料-砂浆界面过渡区微观结构较为密实,混凝土界面性能得到增强;界面过渡区性能和砖骨料强度是影响再生砖骨料混凝土力学性能的两个关键因素,且砖骨料强度是其中最主要的因素.综合考虑,使用再生粘土砖骨料制备次轻混凝土具有良好的经济性和广阔的工程应用前景.     

钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土的抗冻性试验

为使废弃混凝土和再生橡胶在北方地区混凝土工程中得以应用,采用正交试验法研究再生粗骨料掺量、再生粗骨料强化方式、钢纤维掺量与橡胶掺量对钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土(C45)立方体抗压强度和抗冻性的影响规律。利用扫描电镜和螺旋CT扫描技术研究了钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土的宏观和细观结构及其对抗冻性能的影响机理。结果表明:橡胶颗粒掺量是影响再生混凝土含气量、抗压强度和相对动弹模量的重要因素,再生粗骨料掺量是影响相对动弹模量和强度损失率的次要因素,钢纤维掺量对混凝土抗压强度增强作用较小,粗骨料强化方式对混凝土性能影响不大;橡胶颗粒与砂浆界面的裂缝宽度在5~55μm之间,二者之间的相容性较差;当橡胶颗粒掺量(与砂的体积比)大于20%后,随橡胶颗粒掺量增大,混凝土内部孔洞数目增多,钢纤维橡胶再生混凝土抗压强度降低、抗冻性减弱。     

再生骨料透水混凝土的透水性和抗压强度

为系统掌握再生骨料透水混凝土的制备和性能变化规律,采用实验手段研究了再生骨料透水混凝土的透水性能和抗压强度。参考一般混凝土试验方法,分析在不同骨料粒径组合下原生骨料透水混凝土透水性能和抗压强度的差异。在此基础上,选择透水性能和抗压强度均较优的骨料粒径组合,在其中加入再生骨料,探究不同再生骨科取代率对再生骨料透水混凝土透水性能和抗压强度的影响以及透水系数与抗压强度间的相关性。结果表明:(1)对于采用的粒径组合(10 mm+20 mm),再生骨料透水混凝土的抗压强度较原生骨料透水混凝土高,当取代率不超过50%时,其抗压强度随取代量的增加而增大,但当取代率超过50%时,其抗压强度则有所下降;(2)再生骨料透水混凝土的透水性能较原生骨料透水混凝土好,透水系数随取代量的增加会有30%~195%的增幅;(3)与原生骨料透水混凝土抗压强度随透水系数增加持续下降变化不同,再生骨料透水混凝土的抗压强度随透水系数的增加会呈先上升后下降的变化。     

再生砖骨料混凝土力学性能劣化规律试验研究

为研究再生砖骨料混凝土在不同掺量和不同冻融循环次数下的力学性能变化。通过以红砖粗骨料掺量,钢纤维掺量,冻融循环次数为变量进行试验,研究以上因素对再生砖骨料混凝土力学性能的影响,并通过有限元软件建立有限元模型进行拟合分析。试验结果表明：随着红砖骨料取代率的增加,混凝土试件的立方体抗压强度逐渐降低,且当钢纤维掺量为1%时,再生混凝土试件的立方体抗压强度提高最为显著。抗冻性能方面,随着冻融循环次数的增加,再生混凝土试件的质量损失逐渐提高,且抗压强度逐渐下降。当冻融循环次数在50次以上时,试件强度的降幅趋于平缓。     

不同取代率下再生混凝土的抗冻融性能试验

采用快冻法对9种再生混凝土进行了冻融循环试验。分析了经受100次冻融循环后不同取代率下再生粗骨料和再生细骨料对混凝土立方体抗压强度的影响;研究了每25次冻融循环后再生混凝土的棱柱体质量损失率和相对动弹性模量的变化;比较了100次冻融循环作用对不同取代率下再生混凝土抗压承载力的影响。结果表明,再生混凝土抗冻融性能有所下降,且降低幅度随再生骨料取代率的增加而加剧;100次冻融循环后,再生粗骨料取代率为50%,细骨料为天然骨料的再生混凝土,其质量损失率、相对动弹性模量衰减幅度和抗压承载力损失率均与普通混凝土接近,建议再生粗骨料掺量不高于50%的再生混凝土可在寒冷地区推广应用。     

再生粗骨料硅烷浸渍处理对混凝土介质传输性能的影响

由于残余砂浆的存在,再生粗骨料的物理力学指标远不及天然骨料,致使再生混凝土力学和耐久性能较差;此外,水分及有害离子侵入混凝土内部是引起混凝土材料性能劣化的主要原因。本试验用质量分数为8wt%的硅烷乳液浸渍强化再生粗骨料,通过抗压强度、毛细吸水和抗氯离子侵蚀试验对硅烷浸渍前后不同骨料质量取代率(0%、30%、50%)的再生混凝土介质传输性能进行了研究,最后利用SEM对再生混凝土内部的微观结构进行分析。试验结果表明,硅烷浸渍处理再生粗骨料的吸水率显著降低,由其制备的混凝土强度稍有所下降;再生混凝土毛细累积吸水量明显减少,且抗氯盐侵蚀性能显著提高,其中骨料质量取代率为50%的再生混凝土浸渍处理后氯离子扩散系数降低了37.5%。研究表明,硅烷浸渍处理再生粗骨料是提高再生混凝土耐久性的有效途径。      

再生骨料高强混凝土材料的制备及性能研究

以精细再生骨料置换精细天然骨料为原料制备混凝土,设计制备精细再生骨料与精细天然骨料不同的置换比、水/水泥(W/C)不同混合比的混凝土标本,并评价其可加工性、密度、抗压强度及导电率等性能。结果表明,水/水泥比率、精细再生骨料对精细天然骨料的置换量率对混凝土标本的加工性没有影响,均可满足混泥土塌落度的要求;而在水/水泥比率为W/C=0.35,精细再生骨料与精细天然骨料的置换比为50%时,A50混凝土标本的密度较高,抗压强度达到61.34 MPa,电阻率达到14.08 kΩ·cm,满足高强度混凝土强度标准。由此可知,精细再生骨料置换比的最佳比例为50%左右,此比例不会影响混凝土标本的物理、机械性能和耐久性,制得的混凝土性能最优。     

RAC材料应用现状及研究进展

介绍了建筑废弃物定义、时代特征以及再生骨料混凝土的应用现状;通过评析再生骨料特性探讨了再生骨料的引入对混凝土材料基本力学性能、干缩性能的影响;并在总结再生骨料混凝土国内外研究现状的基础上指出,再生骨料混凝土未来研究重点应该还是主要攻克建筑废弃物循环利用的技术难题和继续研究再生骨料微观结构对再生骨料混凝土性能的影响。     

高强再生骨料混凝土的配制及性能研究

采用再生粗骨料配制强度在50MPa或更大的高强再生骨料混凝土,并对其变形能力和耐久性进行测定,为高强再生骨料混凝土在工程上的应用提供理论和实验基础。通过一系列的抗压实验确定再生粗骨料的强度极限,并通过对水灰比的调整,使配制的高强再生骨料混凝土在强度上达到设计值,并以再生粗骨料取代率为0、30%、50%、80%和100%的高强再生骨料混凝土为研究对象进行实验。当再生粗骨料取代率为30%时,对再生混凝土的强度影响不大;之后混凝土强度随再生骨料的增加而降低。高强再生骨料混凝土与天然混凝土在耐久性上具有相似的性能,可以将高强再生混凝土应用于工程中。     

多因素对再生混凝土力学性能及抗冻性的影响

为研究不同因素、不同水平对再生混凝土力学性能的作用。该文通过正交试验研究钢纤维掺量、再生粗骨料掺量和粉煤灰掺量对再生混凝土力学性能(抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度)的影响,确定各因素对再生混凝土力学性能的影响程度,并加以量化表征,并提出多因素共同作用下再生混凝土力学性能的多元非线性回归模型且进行验证。在此基础上,该文进一步研究再生混凝土的抗冻性。结果表明:再生混凝土的力学性能随钢纤维掺量的增加而提高;随粉煤灰掺量增加而降低;再生粗骨料掺量对再生混凝土的力学性能影响较小。钢纤维的掺入可提高再生粗骨料的掺量。再生混凝土力学性能的实测值与通过建立的回归模型得到的计算值的最大误差在6.5%以内。此外,钢纤维的掺入和减少再生粗骨料的掺量均可以提高再生混凝土的抗冻性。     

Influence of fly ash as a cement addition on the hardened properties of recycled aggregate concrete

The effects of the use of Class F fly ash as a cement addition on the hardened properties of recycled aggregate concrete were determined. In this study, four series of concrete mixtures were prepared with water-to-cement (w/c) ratios of 0.55, 0.50, 0.45 and 0.40. The recycled aggregate was used as 0%, 20%, 50% and 100% replacements of coarse natural aggregate. Furthermore, fly ash was employed as 0% and 25% addition of cement. Although the use of recycled aggregate had a negative effect on the mechanical properties of concrete, it was found that the addition of fly ash was able to mitigate this detrimental effect. Also, the addition of fly ash reduced the drying shrinkage and enhanced the resistance to chloride ion penetration of concrete prepared with recycled aggregate. Moreover, it was found that the drying shrinkage and chloride ion penetration decreased as the compressive strength increased. Compared with the results of our previous study, the present study has quantified the advantages of using fly ash as an additional cementitious material in recycled aggregate concrete over the use of fly use as a replacement of cement.     

再生钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土的力学性能

采用来自于废旧轮胎的两种再生钢纤维制备含粗骨料的超高性能混凝土,并测定其抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、断裂能和静弹性模量等力学性能,空白组及普通钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土作对比性能试验。结果显示,未附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维使超高性能混凝土的抗压强度略微下降,降低幅度为3.91%,其余各类型钢纤维均有利于提高超高性能混凝土的力学性能;而附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维显著提高了超高性能混凝土的断裂能,约为普通钢纤维增韧超高性能混凝土的4倍。此外,再生钢纤维对超高性能混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度和静弹性模量的提高效果均优于普通钢纤维。再生钢纤维,尤其是附着橡胶颗粒的再生钢纤维,可以作为一种增韧材料替代普通钢纤维应用到超高性能混凝土工程结构中。      

自密实钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的早期性能与损伤分析

在自密实轻骨料混凝土基础之上掺入钢纤维配制出自密实钢纤维轻骨料混凝土,分析了自密实钢纤维轻骨料混凝土的抗压强度、抗拉强度等主要力学性能以及收缩、抗碳化等耐久性能,并与普通骨料自密实混凝土进行对比分析。探讨了钢纤维对于改善自密实轻骨料混凝土损伤所起的作用及其机理。结果表明:掺入钢纤维后自密实轻骨料混凝土的抗压强度增大,劈拉强度明显提高,收缩及抗碳化能力也有明显改善。与普通骨料混凝土相比,自密实钢纤维轻骨料混凝土初始裂缝的产生与发展得到有效抑制。     

Concrete with recycled aggregates: the Portuguese experimental research

The main objective of this study is to define expedient procedures to estimate the properties of structural concrete that contains recycled aggregates. Experimental results from Portuguese research, most of which supervised by the first author, were used to establish a relationship between some properties of hardened concrete (compressive strength, splitting and flexural tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, abrasion resistance, shrinkage, water absorption, carbonation penetration and chloride penetration) and the density and water absorption of the aggregates’ mixture and also the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 7 days. The workability and density were also analysed for fresh concrete. The graphic analysis of each property shows the relationship between those for recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) mixes and a reference mix using natural aggregates only (RC). The density and water absorption of all the aggregates in the mixture, for each substitution rate, were calculated in order to represent the exact proportion of each type of aggregate (natural and recycled). This method proved to be viable to estimate the variation of the properties of concrete with recycled aggregates by obtaining results for the three parameters mentioned above. This innovative procedure can contribute to increasing the use of recycled aggregates in the construction sector and make it a sustainable activity.     

The use of building rubbles in concrete and mortar

Abstract

The main components of building rubble collected from demolished structures are waste concrete, brick and tile. A series of experiments using recycled aggregates of various compositions from building rubble were conducted. The test results show that building rubble can be transformed into useful recycled aggregate through proper processing. When the recycled aggregate was washed, the negative effects on the recycled concrete were greatly reduced. This is especially meaningful for flexural strength. Recycled coarse aggregate is the weakest phase given a low water/cement ratio. This effect will dominate the mechanical properties of recycled concrete. On the contrary, using recycled aggregate in concrete has little effect on its mechanical properties if the water/cement ratio is high. This mechanism does not occur in recycled mortar. The quantity of recycled fine aggregate will govern the mortar strength reduction percentage. Although using brick and tile in concrete will affect its mechanical properties, the effect is limited.     

Strength evaluation of recycled-aggregate concrete byin-situ tests

Coarse and fine aggregates generated from crushed concrete products for new concrete can be generally accepted only when the properties of recycled aggregate concrete, in addition to the relationships between different properties of such a concrete, are well understood. The results of an experimental investigation into the relationship of compressive strength to ultrasonic pulse velocity and to rebound number is presented in this paper. It has been observed that for the water-cured concrete the strength-pulse velocity relationship is influenced by the use of the recycled aggregate. For the same value of the pulse velocity, the strength of recycled aggregate concrete is higher than that for the natural aggregate concrete. On the other hand, the strength-rebound number relationship is not affected by the aggregate type used. The combined method of pulse velocity and rebound number for strength estimation is also evaluated.     

Short and long-term behavior of structural concrete with recycled concrete aggregate

Recycling concrete construction waste is a promising way towards sustainable construction. Coarse recycled concrete aggregates have been widely studied in recent years, however only few data have been reported on the use of fine recycled aggregates. Moreover, a lack of reliable data on long-term properties of recycled aggregate concrete has to be pointed out.In this paper the effects of both fine and coarse recycled concrete aggregates on short and long-term mechanical and physical properties of new structural concrete are investigated. The studied concrete mixes have been designed by adjusting and selecting the content and grain size distribution of concrete waste with the goal to obtain medium–high compressive strength with high content of recycled aggregates (ranging from 27% to 63.5% of total amount of aggregates).Time-dependent properties, such as shrinkage and creep, combined with porosity measurements and mechanical investigations are reported as fundamental features to assess structural concrete behavior.     

Effect of ground fly ash and ground bagasse ash on the durability of recycled aggregate concrete

This research aims to study the effect of ground fly ash (GFA) and ground bagasse ash (GBA) on the durability of recycled aggregate concrete. Recycled aggregate concrete was produced with recycled aggregate to fully replace crushed limestone in the mix proportion of conventional concrete (CON) and GFA and GBA were used to partially replace Portland cement type I at the rate of 20%, 35%, and 50% by weight of binder. Compressive strength, water permeability, chloride penetration depth, and expansion by sulfate attack on concretes were investigated.The results reveal that the use of GFA and GBA to partially replace cement in recycled aggregate concrete was highly effective in improving the durability of recycled aggregate concrete. The suitable replacement of GFA or GBA in recycled aggregate concrete to obtain the suitable compressive strength, low water permeability, high chloride penetration resistance, and high sulfate resistance is 20% by weight of binder.