金属网表面ZnO纳米棒的可控制备及其光催化性能

采用晶种诱导法,以硝酸锌为前驱体在金属网表面成功制备ZnO纳米棒光催化材料,用XRD、SEM等进行表征,并采用甲基橙溶液模拟废水,研究该材料的光催化降解性能。探讨了水浴合成ZnO纳米棒时,生长液浓度、反应温度等因素对光催化性能的影响。结果表明,80℃水浴反应4h,生长溶液浓度为100mmol/L,制备得到的ZnO纳米棒光催化活性较佳,光催化反应2h甲基橙溶液的降解率可达99%。     

ZnO/TiO2复合材料的制备及其光学特性

采用水热法在锌片上制备出棒状ZnO,将TiO2溶胶旋涂在棒状ZnO上得到ZnO/TiO2新型复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)及UV-Vis漫反射(DRS)等研究样品的微观形貌、晶型结构、光学特性。研究表明:375℃焙烧后,TiO2附着在ZnO纳米棒表层,随着溶胶旋涂层数的增加,其形貌呈现出多维花状结构。通过光催化降解甲基橙模拟废水考察其光催化性能,实验结果表明,ZnO/TiO2复合半导体的多维结构使其对紫外-可见光吸收增强,对甲基橙模拟废水(20mg/L)的降解率高达94.7%,具有优异的光催化性能。     

晶面择优取向ZnO纳米棒阵列膜的制备及其光催化活性研究

采用简单、低温的方法,在修饰过的Zn片上成功制备出具有高度取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列.用SEM、XRD和PL技术对制备出的ZnO纳米棒的结构和谱学特性进行了表征,并通过降解甲基橙溶液研究了其光催化活性.结果表明,ZnO纳米棒是六方钎锌矿晶,与基底垂直,具有沿(002)晶面择优生长的特征.统计结果显示,湿化学反应24h后90%以上的ZnO纳米棒直径为80～140nm,长度为4μm.在PL谱中观察到3个荧光发射带,中心波长分别位于386nm的紫带、524nm的绿带和450～500nm附近的蓝带.ZnO纳米棒的光催化反应为一级反应,表观速率常数与甲基橙的初始浓度有关.     

ZnO:Cd纳米棒的制备及其光催化降解性能研究

采用水热法制备了ZnO和不同Cd掺杂浓度的ZnO:Cd纳米棒。通过x射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计和拉曼光谱对ZnO:Cd纳米棒的结构和光学特性进行了系统研究。结果显示,样品为一维纳米棒结构,Cd的掺杂可以减小ZnO纳米棒的晶粒尺寸和光学带隙。利用分光光度计检测ZnO:Cd纳米棒对偶氮结构染料(甲基橙溶液)的光催化降解效率,结果表明Cd掺杂可以改善ZnO的光催化性能,掺杂浓度为16%时ZnO:Cd纳米棒对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解效率最高。     

ZnO/Ag/CdCO_3纳米复合光催化剂的制备及性能研究

采用配位均匀共沉淀法制备出ZnO/Ag/CdCO3纳米复合光催化剂,用TEM、XRD、FT-IR、ICP等对产物的形貌、微观结构及组成进行了表征,着重研究了反应物配比及Cd(NO3)2浓度对ZnO/Ag/CdCO3纳米复合光催化剂催化降解甲基橙光催化活性的影响规律,结果表明,n(Zn2+):n(Ag+):n(Cd2+)=21:1.76:1.75,Cd(NO3)2浓度为0.168mol·dm-3时制得的纳米复合光催化剂对甲基橙(MO)的降解率较ZnO/Ag提高51%,ZnO/Ag/CdCO3对MO的光催化降解符合一级反应动力学方程,表观速率常数为1.4551h-1,是ZnO/Ag的7倍。     

掺铁纳米氧化锌的制备及其光催化性能

采用共沉淀法制备了纯纳米ZnO和掺铁纳米ZnO,并用X射线衍射光谱进行了表征。用紫外灯作为光源,甲基橙溶液为光催化反应模型降解物,研究了ZnO及掺铁ZnO的光催化性能,并考察了前驱体焙烧温度、铁掺杂量、底物浓度、光照时间以及pH对降解率的影响。结果表明,掺杂铁离子提高了ZnO的光催化活性,400℃热处理的掺杂铁0.5%(质量比)的ZnO的光催化性能最好;当甲基橙初始浓度为5mg/L,光照时间3h,掺杂铁0.5%(质量比)的ZnO粉末对甲基橙的降解率达到84%;掺铁纳米ZnO在弱酸性条件下的催化效果比碱性条件下更好。     

RGO/ZnO纳米棒复合材料的合成及光催化性能

采用水热合成法制备ZnO纳米棒及RGO/ZnO纳米棒复合材料。研究不同含量的RGO对RGO/ZnO纳米棒复合材料光催化活性的影响。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射电子显微镜(FESEM)、光电子能谱仪(XPS)及漫反射紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)检测手段对RGO/ZnO进行表征。结果显示:RGO与ZnO纳米棒成功复合。加入GO的含量不同,获得的RGO/ZnO样品在可见光区域的吸光度值不同。以甲基橙作为模拟污染物的光催化结果表明,RGO/ZnO复合材料具有高的紫外-可见光光降解效率,加入GO与ZnO的质量比为3%时,样品紫外-可见光光催化性能最佳,120min内甲基橙基本可以完全降解;且在波长大于400nm可见光照射下,RGO/ZnO具有一定的可见光活性,180min内其降解甲基橙效率最大可达26.2%。同时,RGO/ZnO具有较好的光稳定性。     

Ce掺杂ZnO分级结构微球的制备及其光催化性能研究

以硝酸锌、氢氧化钠、硝酸铈为原料,采用沉淀法制备了一系列Ce掺杂的Ce/ZnO分级结构微球。采用X射线衍射仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、能量色散谱仪和紫外-可见漫反射光谱仪等对样品进行表征。以甲基橙的光催化降解为模拟反应,考察了Ce掺杂量对Ce/ZnO分级结构微球光催化性能的影响。结果表明:Ce/ZnO分级结构微球由ZnO微纳米片相互交错构建而成,Ce的掺杂提高了Ce/ZnO分级结构微球的光催化活性,其中Ce摩尔分数为1.5%的Ce/ZnO对甲基橙的光催化降解效果最好,紫外光照射60min甲基橙降解率为98.3%,循环使用4次,其催化活性未明显下降。     

瓶状和棒形的纳米ZnO光催化降解甲基橙的研究

以硝酸锌,醋酸钠为原料,聚乙二醇-10000为表面活性剂,采用溶剂热法合成了瓶状和棒形的纳米ZnO,并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见分光光度计时其进行了表征,结果显示合成的纳米ZnO属于六方纤锌矿的晶体结构,对200～380nm波长范围的紫外光有较强的吸收性能.并以纳米ZnO作为光催化剂对甲基橙进行了光降解实验,研究了催化剂用量、甲基橙初始浓度及电解质(SO2-4、Cl-)等对甲基橙降解率的影响.     

光沉积制备PtO_2/ZnO纳米复合材料及催化性能研究

目的:研究制备一种高效稳定的纳米催化剂来降解对硝基苯酚。方法:采用水热法制备直径500～1 000 nm ZnO纳米棒,利用ZnO半导体的光化学特性,在氙灯照射下,诱导氯铂酸溶液中的Pt~(4+)离子原位沉积在ZnO纳米棒上制得PtO_2/ZnO纳米复合材料。改变氯铂酸溶液的添加量和光照时间来调控PtO_2纳米粒子的生长情况。结果:随着PtO_2负载量的增多,催化效率越高,氯铂酸的添加量为4 mL时,催化速率最高为1.85 min~(-1);当负载量相同时,光照时间的提高也可以显著提高其催化效果。结论:本实验制备的PtO_2/ZnO表现出了优异的催化速率,而且该催化剂性能稳定,8次重复使用实验中,5 min内对硝基苯酚的降解率均在95%以上。     

Facile synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of hierarchical porous ZnO microspheres

In this paper, hierarchical porous ZnO microspheres were successfully synthesized by calcining the microspheric zinc hydroxide carbonate (ZHC) precursor, which were the precipitate products of a hydrothermal reaction by zinc nitrate hexahydrate and urea in the presence of trisodium citrate. The as-prepared ZnO microspheres with diameters of 4-5 μm were assembled by numerous porous nanosheets which had the uniform thickness of about 10 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO microspheres was evaluated by photodegradation reaction of methylene blue (MB). The as-prepared ZnO microspheres exhibited a significantly enhanced photocatalytic activity than commercial ZnO and TiO₂. This was mainly attributed to the larger specific surface area and stability against aggregation.     

Growth of ZnO nanowires on nonwoven polyethylene fibers

Abstract

We report the growth of ZnO nanowires on nonwoven polyethylene fibers using a simple hydrothermal method at a temperature below the boiling point of water. The ZnO nanowires were grown from seed ZnO nanoparticles affixed onto the fibers. The seed ZnO nanoparticles, with diameters of about 6–7 nm, were synthesized in isopropanol by reducing zinc acetate hydrate with sodium hydroxide. The growth process was carried out in a sealed chemical bath containing an equimolar solution of zinc nitrate hexahydrate and hexamethylene tetramine at a temperature of 95 °C over a period of up to 20 h. The thickness and length of the nanowires can be controlled by using different concentrations of the starting reactants and growth durations. A 0.5 mM chemical bath yielded nanowires with an average diameter of around 50 nm, while a 25 mM bath resulted in wires with a thickness of up to about 1 μm. The length of the wires depends both on the concentration of the precursor solution as well as the growth duration, and in 20 h, nanowires as long as 10 μm can be grown. The nonwoven mesh of polyethylene fibers covered with ZnO nanowires can be used for novel applications such as water treatment by degrading pollutants by photocatalysis. Photocatalysis tests carried out on standard test contaminants revealed that the polyethylene fibers with ZnO nanowires grown on them could accelerate the photocatalytic degradation process by a factor of 3.     

Effects of ZnO nanowire synthesis parameters on the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells

Determination of the effects of ZnO nanowires on the efficiency of ZnO nanowire-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is important. In this study, we determined the effects of different OH^- precursors, concentrations, the ratio of zinc nitrate to hexamethylene tetramine (HMT), and the hydrothermal synthesis temperature on the physical, crystal, and optical properties of ZnO nanowires and investigated the performance of the resulting DSSCs. We observed that ZnO nanowires synthesized using an equimolar ratio of HMT to zinc nitrate yielded a DSSC with high incident photon-to-current efficiency (IPCE), cell efficiency, short circuit current density (J_sc), and fill factor (FF), and low ZnO-dye-electrolyte interface resistance due to an increased amount of dye and a decreased density of defects. Furthermore, ZnO nanowires made using optimal concentrations and ratios of zinc nitrate to HMT had a high surface area and low defect density. All the photovoltaic performance parameters of DSSCs assessed such as IPCE, cell efficiency, J_sc, open circuit potential (V_oc), and FF increased with synthesis temperature, which was related to a decrease in the resistance at the ZnO-dye-electrolyte interface. We attributed these results to an increased amount of dye facilitated by a large nanowire surface area and fast electron transfer because of the improved crystalline structure of the ZnO nanowires and their low defect density. By optimizing the ZnO nanowires, we increased DSSC efficiency to 0.26% using ZnO nanowires synthesized with 25 mM of both zinc nitrate and HMT at 90 °C, while only a 0.02% increase in efficiency was obtained when NH₄OH was used as OH⁻ precursor.     

分级介孔结构组成的ZnO微球及光催化性能

以硝酸锌、脲素及酒石酸为反应物, 采用水热法制备碱式碳酸锌前驱体微球, 通过煅烧前驱体制备了介孔氧化锌微球。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)可以观察到, 氧化锌微球的直径约为2~4 μm, 由大量厚度约为10 nm的介孔纳米片组装而成。X 射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)结果表明: ZnO微球为六方纤锌矿结构, 并结晶较好。比表面积测试(BET)表明ZnO微球为介孔材料, 孔径为20~50 nm, ZnO微球比表面积约为29.8 m²/g。以亚甲基蓝为目标降解物, 对介孔氧化锌微球进行了光催化降解实验。实验结果表明, 所合成的介孔ZnO微球对亚甲基蓝的光催化性能较好。     

海绵状Ag2O/ZnO复合光催化剂的制备及对甲醛的可见光降解

为克服纳米ZnO晶体可见光光催化活性低的缺点,以六水合硝酸锌、六亚甲基四胺和二水合草酸为原料,采用液相共沉淀-热分解法制备了六方纤锌矿型海绵状ZnO,然后在碱性条件下复合纳米Ag₂O颗粒,得到海绵状Ag₂O/ZnO复合光催化剂,并采用XRD、FTIR、紫外-可见漫反射（UV-Vis DRS）、FESEM、TEM和BET测量仪对其进行了表征;采用可见光光源,甲醛（HCHO）液体为光催化反应模型物,研究了不同摩尔比下Ag₂O/ZnO复合光催化剂的暗吸附及光催化性能。结果表明,随着Ag₂O相对含量的增加,HCHO暗吸附效果出现先增大后减小的趋势,当Ag₂O与ZnO摩尔比为1∶5时,HCHO去除率达到43.34%;另一方面,在可见光下Ag₂O/ZnO复合光催化剂对HCHO的降解率呈先增大后减小的趋势,其中Ag₂O与ZnO的摩尔比为1∶10时取得最佳降解效果,经过90 min的可见光光照后HCHO降解率达到78%,总的HCHO去除率为85%。      

Preparation of nanostructured ZnO nanorods in a hydrothermal-electrochemical process

An array of ZnO nanorods, each nanorod being covered with a shell of porous ZnO was prepared in two steps by hydrothermal-electrochemical processes. The growth of ZnO nanorods was achieved in a zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine aqueous solution on fluorine-doped tin oxide film. The porous ZnO shell was grown from a similar solution in the presence of eosin Y as nanostructuring agent. A dye-sensitized solar cell was assembled using as photoanode an eosin Y sensitized ZnO nanorod/shell layer.     

锰掺杂氧化锌纳米线的制备及其光催化性能

采用水热法制备氧化锌纳米线,并通过降解甲基橙评价其光催化活性。以聚乙二醇为模板,氯化锌和氯化锰为原料,在120℃下能获得具有纤锌立方结构的锰掺杂氧化锌纳米线,直径大约为30nm,改变聚乙二醇和氢氧化钠的量,可获得锰掺杂氧化锌纳米线阵列。此外,相比纳米线阵列,锰掺杂氧化锌纳米线具有更好的光催化性能,在120min能降解浓度为20mg／L的β甲基橙溶液。     

高可见光活性磁性催化剂ZnO/ZnFe_2O_4/石墨烯的制备与表征

以硝酸锌和硫酸亚铁为原料,采用水热法一步合成了ZnO/ZnFe_2O_4纳米颗粒,再通过水合肼还原氧化石墨烯合成了ZnO/ZnFe_2O_4/石墨烯磁性催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD),场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM),透射电子显微镜(TEM),傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)等仪器对催化剂的结构进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝作为目标降解物,考察了不同石墨烯掺量的磁性催化剂在可见光照射下的光催化性能。结果表明,当石墨烯掺量为3%时,磁性催化剂的活性最优,可见光照射60min后亚甲基蓝溶液的降解率高达98%。磁性催化剂稳定性良好,且由于ZnFe_2O_4的存在,磁性催化剂可通过外部磁场进行回收。     

纳米ZnO材料的一种简单制备方法

采用简单的水浴加热法,在较低的温度下(90℃),以氯化锌(ZnCl2)溶液和氢氧化钠(NaOH)溶液为原料,仅通过简单的磁力搅拌制得了直径在80～120nm间的纳米ZnO花状产物,并应用SEM、XRD、TEM和PL分析手段,对样品的形貌结构和光致发光性能进行了表征,并对其生长机理进行了讨论。     

Growth and photocatalytic properties of one-dimensional ZnO nanostructures prepared by thermal evaporation

Aligned ZnO nanorods and nanotubes were grown on the silicon substrates by thermal evaporation of high pure zinc powders without any other metal catalyst. The morphology evolution of ZnO nanostructures with prolonged growth time suggested that the growth of the ZnO nanorods and nanotubes follows the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism. ZnO nanoneedle and nanoparticle films were also synthesized by the same way, and their photocatalytic performances were tested for the degradation of organic dye methylene blue. The ZnO nanoneedle films exhibited very high photocatalytic activities. The decomposition kinetics of the organic pollutant was discussed. Moreover, it is found that the ZnO nanoneedle films showed very stable photocatalytic activity.