Intelligent diagnosis methods for plant machinery

This paper reports several intelligent diagnostic approaches based on artificial neural network and fuzzy algorithm for plant machinery, such as the diagnosis method using the wavelet transform, rough sets, and fuzzy neural network; the diagnosis method based on the sequential inference and fuzzy neural network; the diagnosis approach by the possibility theory and certainty factor model; and the diagnosis method on the basis of the adaptive filtering technique and fuzzy neural network. These intelligent diagnostic methods have been successfully applied to condition diagnosis in different types of practical plant machinery.     

Software quality assurance in metrology

This paper discusses the specific problem of software quality assurance in metrology. There are different levels of quality requirements of metrology and of softwre engineering methods. In the scope of software engineering there is a great variety of quality assurance techniques available. On one hand they reach from non-computer aided methods over the application of standards to the use of software tools. On the other hand the quality assurance ranges over the whole software life cycle with the focuses on constructive methods and on analytic methods. Additionally, management activities are becoming a more important role in software quality assurance.

Because software is not included in the physically determined traceability chain other approaches seem as necessary. Possible ways are (1) special concepts for particular problems, (2) a taxonomy of methods supported by statistics and (3) metrology software libraries.     

医用直线加速器电子射野影像系统质量保证方法的研究

本文对电子射野影像系统进行防碰撞连锁、探测器运动和影像质量检查,检验EPID探测器的防碰撞连锁、探测器运动和利用LasVegas体模进行拍照,与标准影像进行比对进行影像质量检查,同时可以检查影像几何精度。EPID是一个放疗质量保证和控制的装置,它涉及机械、电子学和影像学等内容,从放疗机器安装调试、验收到临床应用需要严格的质量保证措施。质量保证与控制人员包括医院物理师、维修工程师以及厂商维修人员,在熟悉设备工作原理和操作使用的基础上,定期进行质量保证与控制。每一个放疗中心在使用EPID时必须要有一套完整的QA体制,避免用不可靠的工具检测。     

Blood pressure reactivity and bias vary with age in a comparison of traditional and automated methods of measurement

This study examined the effects of initial-reading reactivity and measurement methods of blood pressure across different age groups. Subjects were men and women (n = 132), 17 to 96 years of age. Two measurements were obtained from each subject, with a 1-min interval between trials. Each trial consisted of concurrent measurements from each arm, using a standard mercury manometer and an automated blood pressure monitor for use at home. A double-blind control procedure was used. Significant effects were obtained for age (younger, middle, and older age groups), method by trial and age by trial. The blood pressure reactivity and the effect of observer bias varied across age groups. The results support the hypotheses that blood pressure readings decline across trials; that observer bias using traditional methods is sufficient to mask this decline; and that the extent of reactivity and subsequent decline is dependent on age or an age-related increase in blood pressure. Implications of these findings for the use of automated monitoring instruments designed for use at home are discussed.     

Temperature measurement in the microscopic regime: a comparison between fluorescence lifetime‐ and intensity‐based methods

Thermally sensitive fluorescent indicators have been proposed to monitor temperature changes in microfluidic systems, mainly based on fluorescence intensity or lifetime. However, measuring temperature in a structured environment, such as biological tissue, presents additional challenges due to the chemical and structural complexity. Here, we investigate the potential for resolving temperature distributions within the volume of a single cell. Rhodamine B (RhB) dye was employed as a temperature indicator to compare fluorescence intensity‐ and lifetime‐based techniques. The relationship between the fluorescence lifetime and temperature was found to be highly dependent on the biological environment. The intensity‐based method allowed the temperature distribution to be mapped with partial success within the volume of a single cell. Under ideal circumstances, the temperature can be mapped pixel by pixel with a resolution better than ±0.3°C within the cell cytoplasm, but this accuracy was reduced to ±1.8°C by environmental variations. These results suggest that the fluorophore should be encapsulated and immobilized in the biological tissue in order to reduce the influence of environmental factors on temperature measurements at the cellular level.     

The technical vocabulary of measurement and instrumentation - Current state and further development of IMEKO technical committee on vocabulary (TC-6)

The paper examines some of the problems of the technical vocabulary of measurement and instrumentation and reviews the work of the IMEKO Technical Committee on Vocabulary     

Current state and further development of measurement theory - Report of the IMEKO technical committee on measurement theory (TC-7)

The paper gives typical examples of the activities of IMEKO TC-7, analyses the influence of microelectronics on the theory and application of measurements, and outlines some key topics in the further development of measurements.     

微机电系统测试技术及方法

微机电系统 (MEMS)测试技术及方法是MEMS设计、仿真、制造及质量控制和评价的关键环节之一,本文对MEMS测试技术及方法所涉及的微机械量、微几何量、微材料特性以及系统综合参数与性能的测试技术及方法进行了讨论。重点介绍了光学及光电检测技术在微机电系统检测中的应用,对计算机微视觉检测技术在微机电系统检测中的应用进行了探讨。     

水质自动监测系统的质量保证与质量控制

质量保证和质量控制是水环境监测工作的重要组成部分,本文主要介绍水质自动监测全过程的质量保证与质量控制方法。     

Intelligent fault monitoring and diagnosis in electrical machines

The aim of this paper is to develop an intelligent diagnosis method for fault detection and isolation in induction motors. We consider failures in three components of induction motor: bearing, stator winding and rotor winding. Firstly, a model-based nonlinear observer in the proposed method is designed based on available information. The fault detection decision is carried out by comparing the model-based observer speed with their signatures. Secondly, multiple state observers are constructed based on possible fault function set. The fault isolation decision is made by checking each residual generated by observer state estimation. Finally, simulation tests are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis scheme.     

Survey on Neuro-Fuzzy systems and their applications in technical diagnostics and measurement

Both fuzzy logic, as the basis of many inference systems, and Neural Networks, as a powerful computational model for classification and estimation, have been used in many application fields since their birth. These two techniques are somewhat supplementary to each other in a way that what one is lacking of the other can provide. This led to the creation of Neuro-Fuzzy systems which utilize fuzzy logic to construct a complex model by extending the capabilities of Artificial Neural Networks. Generally speaking all type of systems that integrate these two techniques can be called Neuro-Fuzzy systems. Key feature of these systems is that they use input–output patterns to adjust the fuzzy sets and rules inside the model. The paper reviews the principles of a Neuro-Fuzzy system and the key methods presented in this field, furthermore provides survey on their applications for technical diagnostics and measurement.     

Intelligent measurement from art to science and technology

In this paper, the increasing use of intelligent sensors and instrumentation in many aspects of modern life is discussed and progress reviewed.     

Weld seam tracking and panorama image generation for on-line quality assurance

Traditionally, automated quality inspection of welding tasks relies on nonvisual information and is mainly done off-line. In this work, we introduce an image acquisition system which is capable of monitoring the welding process on-line, resulting in high-quality image information during an ongoing welding process. We show how to further exploit this image information by automatically tracking the weld seam position in the image, even under heavy smoke and gas disturbances. We exploit the high information redundancy between subsequent frames given by large overlap to generate a seamless image of the entire weld seam and effectively suppress adverse optical effects caused by, e.g., smoke and sparks.     

转速测算方法及优化选择

分析机械设备研制中转速测算的3种方法,进行比对验证试验,并分析其应用特点,为根据不同使用场合选择合适的测速方法提供借鉴。     

分光光度计主要技术指标及其检测方法

介绍了分光光度计的主要技术指标--波长准确度、波长重复性、光度准确度、光度重复性的基本概念及其检测方法.     

肿瘤热疗仪质量控制和质量保证工作与临床使用关系的初步探讨

目的对肿瘤热疗设备及与之相关的信息系统进行质量控制和质量保证(QC/QA)工作;并分析此项工作与临床使用之间的关系。方法依据配套材料、前人经验、临床需求和医学工程要求,确定BSD2000射频相控阵聚焦肿瘤热疗系统QC/QA的内容,并使用水负载灯模、射频功率表等工具实施。结果测试结果都在允许范围内,如输出功率、功率/相位平衡测试的偏差均小于10%。结论对肿瘤热疗设备及相关信息系统进行合适的QC/QA工作,是保证人体安全和治疗效果的重要措施,是设备安全、有效运行的重要保障。     

Intelligent measurement in clinical medicine — Analysis and examples

The paper analyses the concepts of intelligent measurement and instrumentation in relation to artificial intelligence. It describes examples of the application of intelligent measurement in clinical medicine: in particular, inferential measurement, the learning of patterns and measurement interpretation and its use in decision support in the total medical information system.