Comprehensive tempo-spatial data collection in crowd sensing using a heterogeneous sensing vehicle selection method

The wide distribution of mobile vehicles installed with various sensing devices and wireless communication interfaces has made vehicular mobile crowd sensing possible in practice. However, owing to the heterogeneity of vehicles in terms of sensing interfaces and mobilities, collecting comprehensive tempo-spatial sensing data with only one sensing vehicle is impossible. Moreover, the sensing data collected may expire in the future; as a result, sensing vehicles may have to continuously collect sensing data to ensure the relevance of such data. Although including more sensing vehicles can improve the quality of collected sensing data, this step also requires additional cost. Thus, how to continuously collect comprehensive tempo-spatial sensing data with a limited number of heterogeneous sensing vehicles is a critical issue in vehicular mobile crowd sensing systems. In this work, a heterogeneous sensing vehicle selection (HVS) method for the collection of comprehensive tempo-spatial sensing data is proposed. On the basis of the spatial distribution and sensing interfaces of sensing vehicles and the tempo-spatial coverage of collected sensing data, a utility function is designed in HVS to estimate the sensing capacity of sensing vehicles. Then, according to the utilities of sensing vehicles and the restriction on the number of recruited sensing vehicles, sensing vehicle selection is modeled as a knapsack problem. Finally, a greedy optimal sensing vehicle selection algorithm is designed. Real trace-driven simulations show that the HVS algorithm can collect sensing data with a higher coverage ratio in a more uniform and continuous manner than existing mobile crowd sensing methods.     

移动群智感知中基于雾节点协作的感知用户身份隐私保护

在移动群智感知中,攻击者可利用感知用户间的社交关联信息以及感知用户身份信息与感知数据的关联性重构感知用户间的社交圈,进一步攻击用户社交团体。针对这一问题,提出一种基于雾节点协作的感知用户身份隐私保护方案。首先,创建任务分配中心（TC）和数据中心（DC）,并由位于终端边缘的2个雾节点承载,分别处理感知任务的合理分配问题和感知数据的聚合计算问题;然后,通过差分隐私加噪干扰防御攻击者获取感知用户间具体的社交关联权重;最后,感知用户使用不同的盲身份分别与TC和DC通信,防止攻击者同时获取感知用户的身份信息和感知数据。安全分析表明,所提方案可以确保感知用户在完成感知任务过程中的身份隐私信息安全。实验结果显示,所提方案可以有效保护感知用户间的社交关联信息,且具有较低的时延。     

基于高效协作感知算法的认知无线电研究*

针对协作频谱感知中感知开销过高问题,提出了一种联合考虑选择最佳的感知节点数以及感知的信道数来降低协作感知开销的方法。该算法分析了协作感知算法中感知节点数、感知的授权信道数与协作感知精度以及感知开销之间的关系。仿真结果表明,与其他算法相比,该算法能够有效地降低感知开销并提高系统的感知性能,验证了该算法的有效性。     

基于指数信任度函数的频谱感知改进算法

从多个用户合作感知的角度出发,针对目前的融合规则没有考虑感知结果的信任度,对现有的分布式感知算法进行改进,提出基于指数信任度的频谱感知算法;在认知无线电网络安全方面,将异常点感知引入到感知融合规则中,在指数信任度算法的基础上提出一种基于异常点的频谱感知算法,能抵御认知无线网络中出现故障的或者恶意认知用户;在提高感知速度和可靠性方面,结合指数信任度算法和异常点感知算法,将对感知信息的审核引入到频谱感知算法中,提出一种基于审核的频谱感知算法,该算法在提高感知速度的基础上能获得更好的感知性能。     

Active sensing policies for stochastic systems

In systems with sensing cost, an active sensing policy is needed to determine when to collect sensing observations. This note presents an active sensing policy for systems with additive and parametric white noise. The policy uses an open-loop estimator between sensings and a Kalman filter when observations are requested. We present two active sensing policies. The goal of the first policy is to maintain the uncertainty (variance) of the state estimate below a given threshold. Sufficient conditions are presented that guarantee that this goal is achievable and will be met. The second policy senses when needed to distinguish discrete state regions for control. Sufficient conditions are presented that show within any specified probability, the control under the active sensing will be identical to the control under conventional sensing. Experiments demonstrate that sensing and sensing communications can be significantly reduced with active sensing policies, while still meeting control objectives     

Cyber-physical-social collaborative sensing: from single space to cross-space

The development of wireless sensor networking, social networking, and wearable sensing techniques has advanced the boundaries of research on understanding social dynamics. Collaborative sensing, which utilizes diversity sensing and computing abilities across different entities, has become a popular sensing and computing paradigm. In this paper, we first review the history of research in collaborative sensing, which mainly refers to single space collaborative sensing that consists of physical, cyber, and social collaborative sensing. Afterward, we extend this concept into cross-space collaborative sensing and propose a general reference framework to demonstrate the distinct mechanism of cross-space collaborative sensing. We also review early works in cross-space collaborative sensing, and study the detail mechanism based on one typical research work. Finally, although cross-space collaborative sensing is a promising research area, it is still in its infancy. Thus, we identify some key research challenges with potential technical details at the end of this paper.     

资源受限的认知无线电系统优化合作频谱感知算法

认知无线电的首要任务就是动态地感知频谱,合作频谱感知提高了频谱感知的可靠性.目前大多数频谱感知算法采用全部认知无线电台参与感知,并且假设每个认知无线电台的信噪比的测量值为一常数.然而,由于无线信道的特性和环境差异,每个认知无线电台的信噪比是有差异的,同时系统资源也是有限的.基于此,在采用能量检测硬判决的合作频谱感知算法基础上,提出一种优化的频谱感知算法.它在满足给定系统探测概率及虚警概率前提下,采用部分性能较好的认知无线电台参与频谱感知,并使系统感知开销最小.理论和仿真证明了其合理及有效性.     

基于压缩感知的遥感成像稀疏重构性能分析

压缩感知是一种新型的信息论，打破了传统的Shannon-Nyquist采样定理，能够以少量数据完成信号采样。稀疏重构是压缩感知由理论到实际的关键环节，为了将压缩感知有效地应用于遥感成像领域，研究了稀疏重构对遥感成像过程的影响。针对稀疏重构理论模型，分析了重构误差的成因；同时，针对典型的凸优化类算法和贪婪类算法，利用峰值信噪比指标对遥感图像重构误差进行评价。在仿真实验中，定量考察遥感图像在不同压缩采样率、不同重构算法下的稀疏重构性能。结果表明，稀疏重构算法能够成功重构遥感图像，各算法在不同压缩采样率下均表现出了较好的重构质量，整体上能够满足遥感成像应用，验证了压缩感知稀疏重构方法在遥感成像中应用的可行性。     

认知无线电网络中安全的协作频谱检测算法

在认知无线电网络中,当认知用户存在虚假感知信息SSDF时,协作频谱感知的性能会受到巨大影响。为了确保频谱感知的鲁棒性,提出了一种基于信誉度加权序贯频谱检测算法来识别恶意用户并减轻他们造成的影响。该算法通过使用认知用户的近期感知信息计算本地信誉度函数,再综合考虑其信誉值与感知过程中表现的稳定程度以消除恶意用户对主用户的传输效率带来的影响。仿真结果表明,在恶意攻击环境下,新算法优于现有典型协作频谱感知算法。     

A context-aware sensing strategy with deep reinforcement learning for smart healthcare

Health sensing system (HSS), offering a variety of health services, has attracted considerable research attention in the area of smart healthcare. However, continuous sensing inevitably brings dramatic energy consumption of mobile sensing devices. On the other hand, the reduction of sensing time duration causes excessive delay in sensing a user state change and the missing of critical physiologic signal. Thus, the trade-off between energy consumption and delay constitutes a primary challenge in the design of HSS. In this paper, we propose an adaptive sensing strategy to intelligently determine the trigger time for sensing physiological parameters at a HSS. Furthermore, human context recognition (HCR) is adopted to design context-aware sensing strategy, where the health condition, sensing requirements, and dependence on physiological data are considered simultaneously. To devise the sensing strategy, we first generate a dynamic observation model. Next, we propose a sort retention double-DQN based sensing strategy. In comparison to traditional double-DQN, the proposed approach can effectively enhance learning stability and sample efficiency. With SRD-DQN, we can obtain the optimized solution for the schedule of the successive window according to the current state. We implement blood pressure and heart rate monitoring simulations to evaluate the performance of the proposed sensing strategy. Simulation results reveal that the sensing strategy can effectively restrain energy consumption and delay, and SRD-DQN converges faster than traditional DQN.     

认知无线电中能效优先的频谱感知算法研究

频谱感知是认知无线电的关键技术之一.针对认知无线电中降低频谱感知能耗的问题,研究了在满足一定感知性能的前提下,能效优先的频谱感知算法.首先对感知能耗最小化问题进行了建模,然后推导出目标检测概率与最小感知能耗之间的关系,接着给出了在目标检测概率要求下的最小感知能耗,最后分别对单信道和多信道场景进行了仿真,仿真结果验证了理论推导的正确性.     

Recent progress in tactile sensing and sensors for robotic manipulation: can we turn tactile sensing into vision?1

This paper surveys recently published literature on tactile sensing in robotic manipulation to understand effective strategies for using tactile sensing and the issues involved in tactile sensing. It consists of a brief review of existing tactile sensors for robotic grippers and hands, review of modalities available from tactile sensing, review of the applications of tactile sensing in robotic manipulations, and discussion of the issues of tactile sensing and an approach to make tactile sensors more useful. We emphasize vision-based tactile sensing because of its potential to be a good tactile sensor for robots.     

基于深度神经网络的遥感图像分类算法综述

准确、高效的遥感图像分类是遥感图像解析的重要研究内容之一。近年来,随着机器学习技术的发展,深度神经网络日渐成为一种有效的遥感图像分类处理方法。分析了遥感图像分类目前存在的一些问题,并简要阐述了几种典型的深度神经网络的原理结构;然后根据遥感图像分类的研究现状和深度神经网络对遥感图像分类的研究现状,总结了深度神经网络在遥感图像分类技术应用中的发展趋势。     

认知无线电系统协作频谱感知机制优化

为使干扰受限情况下的频谱感知效率达到最大,提出一种认知无线电系统协作频谱感知机制的优化方案。定义系统模型,运用协作频谱感知对系统目标进行联合优化,包括感知时间、传输时间、参与协作的感知用户数在内的感知参数优化。仿真结果证明,采用该优化方案,能在满足干扰受限的条件下最大化频谱感知效率。     

认知无线电协作频谱感知机制的优化

频谱感知的目标是在尽量避免对主用户造成干扰的条件下为感知用户提供尽可能多的频谱接入机会。由于单用户频谱检测算法的局限性,协作频谱感知被提了出来。在满足对主用户干扰限度的条件下,为了使单个授权信道的频谱感知效率达到最大,引入一种新的协作频谱感知机制,联合优化包括感知时间、传输时间、参与协作的感知用户数目在内的感知参数,并通过穷尽搜索算法得到最优解。在此基础上研究了多个授权信道情况下的频谱感知效率问题,提出了一种授权信道选择分配方案。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。     

支持访问控制的P2P大规模遥感数据分发系统

遥感数据日益增长,大规模遥感数据分发对集中分发服务器构成了巨大压力。充分利用参与下载节点的网络资源,提出并实现了一种支持访问控制的P2P大规模遥感数据分发系统。遥感数据分发系统分为遥感数据管理平台和遥感数据客户端两部分,遥感数据管理平台包含共享分发平台网站、云存储、种子资源服务器和跟踪服务器4个组件,遥感数据各客户端和种子资源服务器构成P2P网络。设计了包括共享分片、分片选择、跟踪器通信等的P2P协议,实现的遥感数据分发系统能够上传遥感数据并自动做种,支持对用户的访问控制。根据用户权限进行下载,各下载节点共享分片,然后基于类Bittorrent协议来加速遥感数据的分发。实验结果表明,实现的大规模遥感数据分发系统的功能完善,在多节点下载时具备良好的并发性能,能够满足大规模遥感数据分发的需要。     

MEMS-based monolithic three-axis fiber-optic acceleration sensor

In this paper, a MEMS-based monolithic three-axis fiber-optic acceleration sensor is proposed, consisting of three optical fiber collimators and a three-axis acceleration sensing chip. The novel acceleration sensor includes two horizontal sensing units and one vertical sensing unit integrated on a single silicon substrate. Three optical fiber collimators are on the same side of the three-axis sensing chip, thus reducing the package size and cost. In each sensing unit, the micromirror, suspended on a pair of torsion beams, has a torsional angle in response to acceleration in sensing direction. The torsion angle is monitored using fiber-optic detection technique. The sensing system operation principle has been analyzed theoretically, its mechanical performances were simulated using the FEM simulation, and its fabricated process flow was proposed. Using bulk micromachining technologies, the horizontal and the vertical sensing units were successfully fabricated. Finally the individual fabricated sensing units were packaged and tested.     

对遥感在城市更新监测应用中的认知和思考

对城市更新改造的监测是目前较新的遥感应用领域。鉴于当前城市更新领域有关的遥感监测研究现状,对城市更新中遥感监测的概念、涉及方法以及与业务应用关系等方面进行了介绍,通过简要综述城市遥感监测的研究进展,分析适用于城市更新中的遥感数据类型,给出遥感在城市更新中的应用实例,尝试论证遥感在城市更新改造中的价值和作用,填补该领域遥感应用认知上的空缺,提出遥感在该领域工作可能的发展方向和研究思路。     

认知无线网络中基于遗传算法的异构信道频谱感知策略

在具有异构信道的认知无线网络环境中,各异构信道具有不同带宽、不同感知时间、不同使用概率、不同稳定度。在给定的时间槽内,感知的信道数目不同,以及感知的信道不同,频谱感知获得的带宽也不同,并且频谱感知耗费的时间也不同,传输的时间也不同。因此,针对如何选择待感知的信道,提高次用户获得的带宽,以及用于传输的时间,提出基于遗传算法的异构信道频谱感知策略GAHS(Genetic Algorithm based on Heterogeneous channels spectrum Sensing strategy)。仿真结果表明GAHS能提高节点获得的带宽和用于传输的时间。     

机器人触觉传感技术研发的历史现状与趋势

触觉是机器人实现与外部环境直接作用的必需媒介．相对其它机器人传感技术触觉传 感技术已明显落后．本文从总体上简要回顾触觉传感技术研发历程，分析指出其中的不足与 主要原因．在简述目前触觉传感技术研发的现状后，介绍分析机器人技术发展的新趋势及随 之而来的触觉传感技术发展趋势．对今后触觉传感技术的研发提出我们的见解．