国际型工程公司的项目管理

国际工程公司具有全功能的工程项目管理能力 ,对工程进行全过程的系统和整体管理 ,有利于实现项目系统的整体优化     

A performance-based approach to project assignment and performance evaluation

Project assignment and performance evaluation have been addressed as two important and separate research issues in project management. This paper develops a new performance-based approach for integrating the project assignment and the performance evaluation processes in a project-based organization. An objective-oriented preference-based assignment process is developed to assign a project to a project manager. An optimal project assignment model is developed to maximize the total weighted contribution value of all new projects to the organizational objectives. An efficiency-based evaluation process is developed using data envelopment analysis to measure the relative performance efficiency of the completed projects and of the project managers. The approach provides a proactive mechanism for facilitating objective-focused management of projects. The outcomes of an empirical study conducted provide managerial insights in assigning projects to project managers and in evaluating the performance efficiency of both projects and project managers.     

中国房地产项目阶段划分探讨

为增强企业集成资源的能力和执行项目的效率,近年来大量大中型房地产企业从文化、组织、项目价值链等方面探索建立规范的项目管理体系,其中合适的项目阶段划分是规范化管理的基础。本研究在文献调研和企业观察的基础上,从项目管理角度提出了中国房地产项目的六阶段划分方法。这种划分方法与企业的实际部门划分有较好的对应关系。通过对50多个房地产开发企业的调研表明,这种阶段划分得到了认可。     

核电建设工程变更价值模型研究

工程变更是核电建设项目管理的重要组成部分,对工程变更内涵和价值的准确把握是管理工程变更控制和推动项目进展的基础。文章基于AP1000核电建设实践,从工程变更的评价指标、评价模型以及权重设置3个层面进行分析、研究,建立了一套完整的工程变更评价体系。为核电建设工程变更的价值评估、方案选择和项目管理开创了一条新途径。     

大西铁路项目部的标准化管理

中交二公局大西铁路项目进场10个月完成产值达16.4亿元,超额完成了业主下达的施工任务。在大西公司项目管段召开的全线现场标准化管理观摩会上,将该项目管段列为全线现场管理标准化样板单位。参观者对项目箱梁质量赞不绝口,项目箱梁外观施工工艺在全线迅速得到推广。     

A framework for an automated and integrated project scheduling and management system

Construction projects are becoming progressively larger and more complex in terms of physical size and cost. Building information modeling (BIM) is being regarded as a revolutionary change for managing the entire lifecycle of a construction project. However, the information provided by BIM cannot fulfill the requirements of on-site project scheduling and management. This paper presents a BIM-based framework with the function of developing the near-optimum schedule plan according to project objectives and project constraints for project scheduling and management. An automated database management system, a schedule simulation system, and a MD (multi-dimensional) CAD model creator provide a reliable platform for the proposed framework. To verify the concept and test the feasibility of this framework, a computer implementation called NDSM (N-Dimensional project Scheduling and Management system) was developed and implemented in a construction project.     

Planning and control of data-processing projects

Most data-processing management control systems are inefficient and are inflexible as regards completion dates, frequently leading to project failure. An improvement in project control systems would not provide a solution, as the problem lies in the assumptions made by management. At present, the training of a new technician to give him the skills, motivation and tools to develop into a true professional is being neglected. Methods by which this situation can be remedied and ways in which greater flexibility can be introduced into a project are discussed.     

业主方工程项目管理模式的选择方法

结合国内、国际实际情况,分析了我国工程项目上业主方常用的4种项目管理模式的特点,并在此基础上提出了最佳工程项目管理模式的选择模型——熵理论模糊选择模型。该模型具有步骤简单、适应性较强、精度较高等特点,在合理选择工程项目管理模式方面具有较强的适用价值。文章结合实例探讨了该模型的运用过程。     

Managing the matrix [management structure]

A matrix management structure at GCHQ (UK) resulted in a considerable planning and scheduling challenge. An improvement programme currently underway aims to re-engineer the way all technical work is defined and managed, thus enabling a significant improvement in project management performance     

项目规划与实施的全新模式——波茨坦广场与中关村西区项目规划和开发模式的比较研究

德国波茨坦广场是两德统一后1990年代德国政府规划建设的大型城市功能区项目,该项目的管理引入了独立的工程咨询公司总协调,在项目组织、环境保护、项目成本控制、交通及市政能源供给等方面积累了十分宝贵的经验,有许多做法值得我们借鉴。本文结合近年来在国内具有较大影响的中关村商务中心区的开发模式与波茨坦广场进行比较,从政府不同职能部门的协调、公共利益和开发商之间利益的平衡等方面进行探讨,对我国大型城市功能区的开发建设有一定的意义。     

建设项目设计变更情况浅议

一个建设项目,在其建设的施工阶段,常常发生工程设计变更,本文通过分析设计变更产生的主要原因,从五个方面提出了如何加强工程管理和控制设计变更.     

Expert systems in project management

An Alvey sponsored planning club has been investigating the possibility of using expert systems in project management. The club has specified a package and produced some preliminary results. It is thought that such a system should be able to help the manager judge when a project plan is valid, when it needs attention, and if it needs attention what recovery action to take.     

Managing collaborative space in multi-partner projects

Collaboration across company borders in multi-partner construction projects has proven to be challenging. An increasing number of projects aim to strengthen such collaboration by collocating project members from different companies in the same physical space. Yet we know little about the management practices required for taking advantage of such a collaborative space. To begin to remedy this shortcoming, we present an in-depth case study of a hospital construction project that applied a collaborative space and focus on the management practices influencing this space. With the help of affordance theory, we identified two types of management practices and show how they transform across project phases. These management practices included designing the physical elements of the collaborative space, and creating shared collaboration practices for the space. We contribute to the construction management literature by taking the first step in conceptualizing the connections between space, management and collaboration practices in the context of multi-partner projects. We suggest managers to consider carefully what kind of collaboration practices the space is expected to enhance and plan the physical and social space to support it.     

Exploring the role of formal bodies of knowledge in defining a profession – The case of project management

Since the mid 1970s, project management associations around the world have made serious attempts to conduct themselves as professional associations. Traditional professions distinguished themselves by emphasising standards such as service to the public and competence in their field, and by ensuring that their membership meets these standards. An important element of a profession is ownership of a body of knowledge that is distinctive to the professional group. Project management associations have spent considerable time and effort in developing Bodies of Knowledge (BOKs) and their associated certification programs, and indeed the popularity of these has been notable. Yet there are problems, some relating to the broader issue of whether the project management associations really are equipped to act as professional bodies, others related to the specific challenge of agreeing the ‘distinctive body of knowledge’ and to the value of certification.This paper draws on insights from the rethinking project management EPSRC project as well as several separate research programs to explore the development of project management as a profession and the role of the formal BOKs in this professionalization, and to suggest a research agenda for critiquing, contributing to, and maintaining both the formal BOKs and the more general body of knowledge relevant to the needs of the discipline.     

The integration of CPM and material management in project management

The problem of scheduling a project for which expensive, long-lead inventory items have to be ordered from outside vendors is addressed. A logic aimed at minimizing the cost of such projects is presented along with an illustrative example. The logic is based on adding a material management module to the CPM analysis, evaluating the feasibility of the CPM schedule, and rescheduling the project in case long-lead items make the schedule generated by CPM infeasible. An attempt to integrate CPM and material management in a large-scale construction project is reported and possible extensions of this research are suggested.     

International project management in the pharmaceutical industry

Project management in a multicompany, multinational, multidiscipline environment with relatively small resources is considered. The impact of that environment and the methods to cope with it are examined, the experiences of a selected number of methods being reported. An attempt is made at providing a pathway for the synthesis of creativity and engineering leading to a minimal time span for completion of a project. The cost of slippage is discussed; along with a company's lost opportunities, slippages are considered to be the most detrimental project failures.     

Knoledge-Based Systems and Fuzzy Sets in Risk Management

An integrated microcomputer-based knowledge system is developed for risk management in construction. The system (Expert-Risk) applies the concepts of fuzzy set theory to evaluate the overall risk of a project. It is also integrated with various rerlational data bases that provide the system with financial and cost data necessary for bankruptcy and risk analysis. Today's construction industry involves more dynamic and construction industry involves more dynamic and uncertain planning than ever before. without professional risk management, decision makers cannot systematically approach complex problemx. The system provides a more definitive perception of the overall risk of a construction project, and a more rational basis for contingency planning and evaluation. The system allows management to focus on those risk factors which have significant impact on planning.     

基于改进未确知测度法的光伏发电项目应急能力成熟度评估模型研究

为实现对光伏发电项目应急能力的系统分析和科学评估,基于未确知数学原理,结合施工作业特点,构建光伏发电项目应急能力成熟度评估模型。利用成熟度理论划分光伏发电项目应急能力成熟度等级,并建立评估指标体系;应用盲数和未确知测度理论改进未确知测度模型,融合熵权法建立量化的应急能力成熟度等级测度方法。结合某光伏发电项目评估其应急能力成熟度,结果表明改进方法适用性强、便于操作、贴近实际情况;利用评估指标成熟度雷达模型图,直观找出应急管理过程中的薄弱环节,实现应急精细化管理。     

Using an interactive schedule simulation platform to assess and improve contingency management strategies

An understanding of the dynamic interactions between resources and the management decisions that control them is critical to effectively manage contingencies during the execution phase of a project. Hence, the objective of this paper is to study each resource decision within the context of sequences of decisions. This allows the consideration of dynamic interactions between resources, and designs control responses that account for uncertain outcomes and that minimize contingencies. It is hypothesized that the success of achieving project objectives and priorities is dependent on understanding ways of developing coherent management decision sequences. For given project priorities and outcomes, such decision sequences are defined as strategies. This paper proposes and implements a simulation based method to assess and improve alternative decision strategies. The theoretical contribution of this research is that it develops foundational simulation based methods that support the study of construction decision-making as a dynamic control problem.     

轨道交通工程建设中的远程监控及风险管理

分析了城市轨道交通工程传统管理模式的弊端,介绍远程监控管理系统的组成扣功能,提出基于远程监控管理系统的地铁工程建设管理新模式,并通过工程实例证明该管理模式能提高建设管理水平,达到控制投资、保证质量、确保安全、缩短工期等目的,可为其他工程项目管理提供很好的借鉴。