高性能混凝土梁预应力长期损失的试验研究

对C60高性能混凝土梁预应力长期损失进行试验研究。通过对3根无粘结预应力混凝土梁在自然环境下的收缩徐变、挠度和有效预应力的长期观测与理论分析得出:挠度的长期增大主要取决于截面上混凝土的应力分布;挠度徐变系数大于按规范计算的徐变系数,若用徐变系数计算施工阶段梁的变形,则会低估变形;预应力长期损失测量值大于理论计算值。     

基于有限元模拟混凝土徐变对预应力组合箱梁的影响研究

以某桥梁工程为例,分析了长期荷载作用下混凝土收缩徐变对波形钢腹板预应力组合箱梁的影响.采用有限元软件Midas/FEA3.70进行建模,通过Midas/FEA中的时间依存材料来定义混凝土的收缩徐变系数,分析了长期荷载作用下混凝土收缩徐变对波形钢腹板预应力组合箱梁挠度和内力重分布的影响.得出以下结论:长期收缩徐变对挠度的...     

预应力混凝土梁徐变挠度影响因素分析与计算模式构建

准确计算预应力混凝土桥梁的徐变挠度对预控其长期挠度非常重要。对当前混凝土梁的几种徐变挠度计算方法进行对比分析,并以预应力混凝土梁徐变挠度系数与徐变系数关系为研究对象,分析了预应力度、预应力产生的轴力、预应力产生的等效弯矩、构件换算截面面积及构件截面抗弯模量等因素对徐变挠度系数与徐变系数间关系的影响及规律。结果表明:在已知徐变系数的情况下,梁的预应力度对徐变挠度系数的影响较大,而其他几种因素对该系数影响较小;进一步建立了便于工程应用的、考虑预应力度和混凝土徐变共同影响的预应力混凝土梁徐变挠度计算模式,为精确预控预应力桥梁结构的长期挠度奠定基础。     

体外预应力混凝土梁挠度分析

对国内外体外预应力混凝土梁挠度的计算方法进行了总结与分析 ,已有计算方法考虑预应力增量及二次影响仅限于短期挠度计算。进一步的分析表明 ,体外预应力受弯构件挠度计算还需要考虑材料的非线性、混凝土收缩和徐变、高温等因素及各因素之间的相互影响     

已建大跨径梁桥长期下挠的对策研究

以佛开高速公路上大跨径连续梁桥汾江大桥为背景,对其主梁长期下挠的问题进行了研究,对背景桥长期挠度相关内力进行了分析,探讨了混凝土收缩徐变对长期挠度的影响,指出对于长期挠度的影响,徐变和预应力损失的作用最为明显,收缩的影响较小。     

预应力混凝土受弯构件长期反拱和挠度的合理估算方法

回顾了对预应力混凝土构件长期反拱变化规律的研究及认识过程;提出了一个经验公式,大大简化了预应力混凝土构件长期反拱的精确计算工作。该经验公式既能适用于全预应力,也能适用于部分预应力混凝土构件长期反拱值的计算。同时,对预应力混凝土构件长期挠度的估算也提出了一个经验公式。长期反拱和挠度的两个经验公式都考虑了四个主要影响因素作为自变量(即钢筋的配筋率及其位置与混凝土的徐变和收缩)。用试验数据全面地进行了对比,给出长期反拱系数θp(t→∞)的终极值的可变范围为-3～+3.5,其通常变动范围是-0.5～+2.8,而不是固定的值+2.0。长期挠度也不能简单地简化为短期挠度的2倍。给出了实际工程的检测结果和计算例题并提出了对现行《混凝土结构设计规范》第8.2.5条和第8.2.6条的修改建议。     

混凝土收缩徐变对大跨度连续刚构桥长期挠度影响分析

文中结合工程实例,对三跨大跨度连续刚构桥挠度进行研究。通过分析不同相对湿度和混凝土收缩徐变情况下刚构桥挠度不同节点变化规律,明确混凝土收缩徐变因素对刚构桥挠度的影响规律。结果表明,相对湿度对刚构桥挠度影响较大,且湿度越低桥梁挠度值越大。混凝土徐变相比于混凝土收缩对刚构桥的徐变影响更为显著,考虑收缩徐变工况是不考虑工况的挠度值的两倍。因此,在刚构桥挠度稳定性分析中,必须考虑收缩徐变的影响。     

石灰岩质机制砂混凝土收缩徐变试验研究

进行了石灰岩质机制砂的主要材性及配合比试验,并在自然环境下,对石灰岩质机制砂混凝土梁进行了收缩、徐变试验,根据实测数据,拟合出机制砂的收缩、徐变时程关系表达式;并将其与国内外几种常用的收缩、徐变模式进行了对比分析。结果表明,配筋率对混凝土收缩应变和徐变挠度系数有一定程度的影响;ACI-209及本文拟合的公式与试验结果更为接近。     

非对称独塔斜拉桥收缩徐变研究

对天水藉河大桥运用Midas软件建立杆系有限元模型,分析此类高强混凝土不等跨独塔斜拉桥成桥时刻及成桥若干年后收缩徐变效应对主梁的挠度、梁体应力及预应力的影响,结果表明:在成桥时刻,由于施工过程中混凝土收缩徐变效应引起的主梁应力最大可占梁体总应力的25%;成桥10年后,由收缩徐变效应造成的预应力损失超过50 MPa。     

大跨预应力混凝土梁桥下挠的成因及措施

以某特大预应力混凝土梁桥为工程背景,着重从混凝土的收缩徐变、预应力损失、结构刚度等方面分析了各参数对挠度的影响,最后提出了控制结构长期下挠的相关防治措施,从而为同类型研究积累经验。     

钢筋混凝土梁长期荷载作用下非线性变形

钢筋混凝土梁在长期荷载作用下的非线性变形一直是研究者感兴趣的课题.本文阐述了如何分别考虑荷载、混凝土徐变与收缩对钢筋混凝土梁的变形影响,其中直接应用了作者导出的混凝土徐变和收缩相关系数的实用公式.     

考虑收缩徐变影响的两跨钢-混凝土连续组合梁长期性能预测方法

为量化混凝土翼板收缩徐变对多跨钢-混凝土连续组合梁长期性能的影响,提出相应的预测方法,基于现有两跨连续组合梁长期试验结果对典型的组合梁设计方法进行适用性评述; 在此基础上,基于龄期调整的有效模量法并考虑混凝土的收缩徐变、开裂及组合梁界面相对滑移的综合影响,提出两跨连续组合梁长期中支座弯矩与跨中挠度的计算公式,并采用长期试验结果验证预测方法的可靠性; 进一步对比不同混凝土翼板类型(收缩徐变分布模型)对组合梁长期性能的影响。结果表明:采用龄期调整的有效模量法模拟混凝土徐变特征,考虑收缩产生的附加弯矩,采用折减刚度考虑混凝土开裂与界面滑移的影响,提出的两跨连续组合梁长期性能计算公式,可有效预测组合梁长期中支座弯矩分布与跨中挠度,计算结果与试验结果最大相差25.3%; 混凝土的收缩变形对组合梁长期性能影响显著,当不考虑混凝土收缩变形时,组合梁中支座弯矩与跨中挠度仅分别为试验值的41.1%和60.6%; 组合梁长期性能设计时,应根据楼板类型采用不同的收缩徐变模型,针对钢筋混凝土楼板采用均匀收缩、均匀徐变模型,针对组合楼板采用非均匀收缩、非均匀徐变模型。     

Control of time-dependent effects in steel-concrete composite frames

Studies are presented for the control of time-dependent effects of creep and shrinkage in steel-concrete composite frames with pre-cast concrete slab for both shored and un-shored constructions. A developed hybrid procedure has been used for carrying out the studies. The procedure accounts for creep, shrinkage and progressive cracking in concrete slab panels. Two frames, a single storey and a five storey frame are considered. It is shown that, for both the types of constructions, shored and un-shored, the increase in bending moments and mid-span deflections can be controlled to a significant degree, without putting constraints on design parameters, by simply delaying the time of mobilization of composite action between the pre-cast concrete slab panels and the steel section. It is also found that though there is insignificant effect of type of construction on bending moments, the percentage change in mid-span deflection due to creep and shrinkage is significantly higher for shored construction.     

大跨预应力混凝土箱梁桥收缩徐变效应测试与分析

预应力混凝土箱梁桥以其良好的结构整体受力性能在现代大跨桥梁结构中得到广泛应用,但迄今所修建的混凝土箱梁桥中,运营阶段箱梁开裂及下挠过大的现象较为普遍,实际混凝土箱梁桥中混凝土收缩徐变作用及其效应认识的不足是其可能产生的原因之一。现行有关混凝土收缩徐变的计算公式多以试验室模型试验结果为依据确定,由于实际混凝土箱梁结构的尺寸较大同时又处于复杂的自然环境中,因此对实际结构进行长期测试以获得能够验证现行规范混凝土收缩徐蛮计算公式的实测数据显得尤为重要。结合某高速公路上两座大跨预应力混凝土箱梁桥的修建及运营,对处于自然环境中的箱梁桥在混凝土收缩徐变作用下的真实反应进行测试,并详细地分析各测试数据,在此基础上提出同时考虑混凝土温度、环境相对湿度、箱梁局部理论厚度等因素及其变化的混凝土收缩应变和徐变系数计算方法．并烙其应用于实际桥梁的收缩徐变效应分析中,得出一些具有实用价值的结论,为实际箱梁桥的收缩徐变计算提供参考。     

考虑施工过程和收缩徐变的框架结构简化分析

研究了混凝土的收缩徐变对框架结构受力的影响。首先根据线性徐变的迭加原理,推导了混凝土构件截面在多级荷载作用下的徐变估算公式,该式可以考虑加载龄期、加载速度、构件厚度以及环境相对湿度对徐变的影响;然后给出了考虑施工过程和收缩徐变影响的框架结构竖向位移和位移差的计算方法。用该方法对一高层框架进行收缩徐变分析,结果表明:该方法简单实用,可以在超高层建筑结构设计中估算收缩徐变时使用,收缩徐变对框架结构的受力影响较大,在工程设计和施工中不能忽略其影响。     

钢筋砼梁在长期荷载作用下的变形

本文对剪跨比为２．５的钢筋砼梁在长期荷载作用下的变形进行了试验研究。建立了长期弯曲变形和剪切变形计算公式，并由迭加原理得到了考虑剪切效应的钢筋砼梁在长期荷载作用下的挠度公式，计算值与试验结果吻合良好。本文公式同时考虑了砼徐变和收缩的影响，还可用来根据梁的试验结果而确定砼徐变系数和龄期调整系数值。     

A space-exact beam element for time-dependent analysis of composite members with discrete shear connection

This paper presents a space-exact, time-discretized solution for the time-dependent analysis of composite beams with partial interaction. The time effects considered in this model are creep and shrinkage of the concrete slab. The constitutive model adopted to describe the time effects is linear viscoelasticity with time-dependent coefficients to account for ageing. By using the time-discretized form of the constitutive relations, the equilibrium equations in terms of the displacements at a generic instant are analytically solved. Based on the analytical expressions (exact in space) of the displacements and the internal forces, the space-exact stiffness matrix is deduced for a generic composite beam element. This stiffness matrix can be used in a displacement-based procedure for the time-analysis of continuous composite steel-concrete beams with arbitrary support and loading conditions. The present formulation requires a minimum number of elements depending on the support and loading conditions. The proposed hybrid analytical-numerical method is used to investigate both the short-term and the long-term deflections of simply supported composite beams in order to assess the calculation method proposed in Eurocode EN 1994-1-1 [21]. The effects of creep, shrinkage and degree of shear connection on the deflection of simply supported composite beams are also analyzed. The long-term deflection calculated with the analytical model based on the rules given in EN 1994-1-1 [21] is compared against the one predicted by the proposed model. It is found that EN 1994-1-1 [21] slightly underestimate the long-term deflection. It was also observed that the contribution of shrinkage to the deflection is more significant than suggested in EN 1994-1-1 [21].     

Long-term deflection of cracked composite beams with nonlinear partial shear interaction — A study using neural networks

A new study of the short- and long-term deflections of simply-supported composite beams using finite element analysis and artificial neural networks (ANNs) is presented. In this study, two ANN models are developed and trained using the results of a finite element model developed by the authors in a companion paper. The finite element model accounted for the nonlinear load–slip relationship of shear connectors as well as the creep, shrinkage, and cracking of concrete slabs. The effects of creep and shrinkage of the concrete slab are considered only for non-cracked concrete. A large database representing a wide range of different design parameters was constructed for the purpose of training and verifying the two ANN models. It was found that the two ANN models were capable of predicting deflections of composite beams not used as part of the training process. The ANN models were then used to evaluate the effects of non-geometric design variables on the short- and long-term deflections of simply-supported composite beams. Finally, the short- and long-term deflections computed based on the approaches given in the AISC specification and Eurocode 4 were assessed using the results of the finite element model. It was found that the AISC approach underestimates short-term deflections and overestimate long-term deflections when compared with the results of the finite element method.     

收缩徐变对开裂后预应力混凝土箱梁桥结构的影响

收缩徐变可能会对结构产生诸多不利影响,如增大挠度、导致预应力损失、在超静定结构中产生次反力等。预应力混凝土箱梁桥收缩徐变影响研究是目前工程界的热点之一。但普遍的分析中并未考虑裂缝出现后结构部分部位刚度降低所引起的非线性特征,而实际工程中裂缝可能在使用阶段初期甚至施工阶段就已经出现。收缩徐变对结构的影响可能因裂缝的出现有较大程度的差异,故从挠度、应力、支反力等方面就收缩徐变对开裂后结构性能的影响展开研究。     

Die Methode der effektiven Spannungen zur einfachen Berechnung der Kriechverformung von Stahlbetonträgern

The method of effective stresses for simple calculation of creep deflections of reinforced concrete girders A method for simple calculations of deflections of reinforced concrete beams is taken on and enhanced. It is shown how the results of computer analysis on the basis of linear‐elastic material behaviour can replace the integration of the curvature distribution by hand to evaluate the deflection. For a systematic evaluation of deflections of reinforced concrete beams with regard to creep effects, parameters of major influence are identified and first evaluations are presented.