预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁抗裂度计算

根据基本假设 ,推导了预应力钢 -混凝土连续组合梁的抗裂度计算公式及简化计算公式 ,这些公式形式上能与现行的混凝土结构抗裂度计算公式相协调 ,并经过计算统计 ,提出了简单实用的钢 -混凝土组合梁负弯矩区截面塑性系数表 ,其计算结果与 8片预应力钢 -混凝土连续组合试验梁的实测结果吻合较好。研究成果已应用于工程设计。     

钢-混凝土双面组合连续梁截面刚度试验研究

钢-混凝土组合梁是在钢结构和钢筋混凝土结构基础上发展起来的一种新型结构。当采用连续组合梁时,负弯矩区会出现钢梁受压、混凝土翼板受拉的不利情况,使混凝土桥面板因承受较大拉应力而开裂,引起钢筋及钢梁腐蚀等严重问题,影响结构的承载能力和耐久性。而双面组合梁(在传统的单面组合梁的内支座负弯矩区设置下翼缘钢筋混凝土板)能够很好地改善单面组合梁的这种不利受力状态。通过采用简化计算方法对双面组合梁截面刚度进行计算,与试验实测值进行了对比分析。     

钢-混凝土组合梁截面组合抗剪性能的试验研究

对4根密实截面钢-混凝土组合梁的组合抗剪性能进行了试验研究。试件全部采用简支,跨中两点对称单调静力加载,考虑抗剪连接程度及正负弯矩的影响。试验结果表明,组合梁负弯矩区的界面滑移规律与正弯矩区的不同,其大小对组合梁的抗剪承载能力影响较小。不论混凝土翼板是处于组合梁截面的受压区还是受拉区,其对组合梁截面的抗剪承载能力均有明显的贡献,目前规范仅计算钢梁腹板的抗剪作用偏于保守。按叠加法建立了计算组合梁抗剪承载能力的计算式,计算值与实测值吻合良好。     

压型钢板组合梁在负弯矩作用下的抗弯承载力分析

连续组合梁在内支座处的负弯矩区段会出现混凝土板受拉、钢梁受压的不利局面。为了解组合梁在负弯矩作用下的受力性能 ,并为有关连续组合梁的进一步研究提供依据 ,对压型钢板组合梁在负弯矩作用下的抗弯性能进行了试验研究。结果表明 ,按照简化塑性方法计算压型钢板组合梁截面在负弯矩作用下的抗弯承载力与试验结果吻合很好 ;在其他参数不变的情况下 ,纵向钢筋配筋量对梁的延性、滑移及裂缝等都有较大的影响 ;此外 ,压型钢板对组合梁抗弯承载力的提高作用有限 ,设计时可以忽略不计。     

钢-部分预应力混凝土连续组合梁内力重分布研究

本文报道了10榀钢-部分预应力混凝土连续组合梁和1榀钢-普通混凝土连续组合梁的极限承载力试验结果。试件为两跨连续梁,主要试验参数为负弯矩区部分预应力比PPR、综合力比Rp及栓钉连接程度。试验采用跨中单调一次加载。试验发现,在负弯矩区施加预应力的钢-部分预应力混凝土连续组合梁可产生较充分的内力重分布,其主要影响因素为截面相对受压区高度ξu和负弯矩区综合力比Rp。本文通过试验研究和理论分析,提出了钢-部分预应力混凝土连续组合梁满足承载力要求的弯矩调幅限值犤β犦的计算公式,其计算结果与试验结果吻合较好。     

受负弯矩和压缩作用的组合梁的性能和设计

调查了受负弯矩和轴向压缩共同作用下钢-混凝土组合梁结构的性能。在这项研究中,对6个承受负弯矩作用的足尺寸的组合梁同时进行压缩。轴向压缩的等级由低到高变化。根据试验,构建并标定一个非线性有限元模型来对试验结果进行验证。该模型能够对试验所用梁的非线性响应和最终破坏模式做出预测。所构建的有限元模型对一些常在实际中使用的组合梁可进行一系列参数分析。分析发现,当压缩荷载作用于组合截面时,组合梁的负弯矩承载能力明显降低,钢梁的局部屈曲更显著,影响了截面的延展性。基于截面平衡的刚塑性分析可以合理地预测组合截面的复合强度,因此可适当地使用于设计原理中。在负弯矩区钢梁腹板处使用纵向加劲肋可消除腹板屈曲,并增加组合截面的转动能力。根据试验结果和有限元分析提出一个可应用于工程实践中的简化设计模型。     

装配整体式预应力钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区开裂刚度研究

为量化连续组合梁负弯矩区由于混凝土板开裂而逐渐退出工作导致梁截面的抗弯刚度下降,对4根装配整体式预应力钢-混凝土组合梁、2根装配整体式钢-混凝土组合梁以及2根现浇预应力钢-混凝土组合梁进行静载试验,将试验得到的刚度值与折减刚度法以及采用美国《钢筋混凝土房屋建筑规范》中相关规定计算的刚度进行对比,结果表明:对于装配整体式预应力钢-混凝土组合梁以及现浇预应力钢-混凝土组合梁,由于预应力的存在提高了试件的开裂荷载,减小了混凝土在正常使用荷载作用下的开裂程度,从而导致开裂对其刚度的影响并不明显,采用仅考虑界面滑移的未开裂折减刚度计算值与试验值吻合较好;对于装配整体式钢-混凝土组合梁,美国《钢筋混凝土房屋建筑规范》中的相关规定考虑混凝土受拉刚化效应以及界面滑移效应的刚度计算值与试验结果吻合较好。     

钢箱-混凝土组合梁试验研究与承载能力计算

对钢箱-混凝土组合梁这一新的结构形式进行了试验研究,通过4个钢箱-混凝土组合梁和2个钢箱梁试件的试验,考察了试验梁破坏过程、弯矩-位移曲线、弯矩-应变曲线、截面应变分布等。试验结果表明,钢箱-混凝土组合梁具有较高的承载能力、刚度和良好的延性。考虑混凝土受钢箱约束的强度提高和钢箱顶板局部屈曲影响,提出了钢箱-混凝土组合梁抗弯承载能力计算公式,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

对预装体外钢筋的钢-混凝土组合梁弹塑性屈曲的数值分析

连续组合梁的极限承载力由侧向畸变屈曲、局部屈曲,或者由两者的相互作用决定,这一点与纯钢梁的扭转屈曲破坏模式完全不同。利用有限元模型对负弯矩区的组合梁进行了弹塑性有限元分析,其中考虑了初始几何缺陷和残余应力,最终发现有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合良好。另外,对负弯矩区的预装体外钢筋的组合梁进行了参数研究。分析了影响组合梁承载能力和屈曲弯矩抗力的因子,如初始几何缺陷、钢梁的残余应力、力比值、预应力范围、负力矩钢筋、板、翼缘和梁的宽厚比。利用有限元法对负弯矩作用下的25组共200根具有不同截面参数、初始几何缺陷、残余应力和不同力比值的组合梁进行了分析。将计算出的屈曲弯矩率与改进宽厚比的曲线与中国规范中钢柱设计曲线进行了对比。结果证实:对于改进了的宽厚比值,本文依据中国规范的设计曲线推导出来的设计方法可以用于对组合梁屈曲强度的评估。     

内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁受力性能试验研究

内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁综合了型钢混凝土梁和预应力梁的优点。为研究内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁的受力性能及弯矩重分布规律,完成了3根两跨内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁试验,并进行了非线性分析。研究结果表明：内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁荷载-跨中变形关系曲线近似呈二折线;以达到承载能力极限状态时支座控制截面弹性弯矩计算值与内置H型钢实际承担的弯矩之差为调幅对象,弯矩调幅幅度受含钢率影响不大,随型钢高度与梁截面高度比值增大而增大;连续组合梁中支座两侧等效塑性铰区长度不大于0.64倍梁有效高度,且随预应力度增大而减小;当相对塑性转角不大于0.817×10^-5时,弯矩调幅系数随相对塑性转角增大而增大,且不大于0.44。为内置H型钢预应力混凝土连续组合梁设计提供了参考。图10表11参10     

A comparative study of continuous steel-concrete composite beams prestressed with external tendons: Experimental investigation

A comparative study of prestressed continuous steel-concrete composite beams is carried out based on an experimental investigation. Four full-scale continuous composite beams were tested, among which two were two-span beams and two were three-span beams. One of the two-span beams was a conventional non-prestressed composite beam, and the other was a composite beam prestressed with external tendons in both the positive and negative moment regions. One of the three-span composite beams was non-prestressed, and the other was prestressed only in the negative moment regions with external high-strength tendons. The cracking behaviors, distortional lateral and local buckling as well as the load carrying capacity of the beams were investigated experimentally. Full plasticity was developed at the mid-span section of each beam; however, the maximum moments attained at the internal supports were governed by local buckling, which is related to the slenderness of the composite section. It is found that in hogging moment regions, the ultimate moment resistance of a composite beam prestressed with external tendons is governed by either distortional lateral buckling or local buckling, or an interactive mode composed of distortional lateral and local buckling. The results show that exerting prestressing on a continuous composite beam with external tendons increases the degree of the internal force and moment redistribution in the beam. A design proposal based on moment redistribution to evaluate the load carrying capacity of continuous composite beams with external tendons is proposed.     

Experimental study of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams with external tendons for negative moments

Four groups of prestressed steel-concrete composite beams with external tendons in negative moment regions were tested, and the cracking behaviours and the ultimate negative moment resistances of the composite beams were investigated experimentally. It is found that in hogging moment regions, on adding prestressing to the composite beams with external tendons, the cracking resistance of the beams can be effectively increased; however, the incremental internal tendon forces of the prestressed composite beams are rather small, and therefore can be neglected in the evaluation of the negative moment resistance of the beams. In hogging moment regions, the ultimate resistance of a composite beam prestressed with external tendons is governed by either distortional lateral buckling or local buckling, or an interactive mode composed of the two bucklings. For a beam with a compact section, the negative bending moment can reach the plastic moment when the steel section is fully plastic, and for a non-compact section, the negative bending moment is limited to the yield moment at which the compression steel flange initiates yield. The method for evaluating the buckling resistance of the composite beams is discussed, and a tentative design method based on BS5400: Part 3 is proposed to assess the buckling resistances of the prestressed composite beams.     

Numerical investigation of inelastic buckling of steel–concrete composite beams prestressed with external tendons

The ultimate resistance of a continuous composite beam is governed by either distortional lateral buckling or local buckling, or an interactive mode of the two which is sharply different from the torsional buckling mode in a bare steel beam. A finite element model is developed and based on the proposed FE model, inelastic finite element analysis of composite beams in negative bending is investigated, considering the initial geometric imperfection and the residual stress patterns and the FE results are found agree well with the test results. Parametrical analysis is carried out on the prestressed composite beams with external tendons in negative bending. Factors that influence load carrying performance and buckling moment resistance of prestressed composite beams are analyzed, such as initial geometric imperfection, residual stress in steel beams, force ratio, which is defined as the extent of prestressing force and negative reinforcement in the beams, as well as the slenderness ratios of web, flange, and beams. By varying cross-section parameters, 25 groups of composite beams under negative uniform bending with initial geometric imperfection, residual stress as well as different force ratios, 200 beams in total are studied by means of the FE method. The computed buckling moment ratios are drawn against the modified slenderness proposed by the authors and compared with the Chinese Codified steel column design curve. It is demonstrated that the tentative design method based on the Chinese Codified design curve can be used in assessment of buckling strength of composite beams in a term of the modified slenderness defined.     

负弯矩作用下钢-混凝土组合梁受力性能试验研究

通过8根跨度为3.0m和4.2m的钢-混凝土组合梁在负弯矩作用下的受力性能试验,研究了端部弯矩、跨度、H形钢的腹板高厚比、抗剪连接栓钉数量、设置横向加劲肋等因素对组合梁失稳破坏模式、受弯承载力及转动能力的影响。试验结果表明：对两端部作用数值相等的负弯矩工况,组合梁发生畸变失稳,其受弯承载力小于组合梁全截面塑性弯矩,转动能力偏小,而对其他接近实际结构的负弯矩工况,组合梁发生局部失稳或局部与畸变耦合失稳,其受弯承载力大于组合梁全截面塑性弯矩,转动能力较大;随着腹板高厚比减小或者在腹板上设置横向加劲肋,组合梁的受弯承载力和转动能力都有明显提高。     

体外预应力钢-混凝土组合梁负弯矩区的承载力研究

通过体外预应力组合梁的承载力试验,研究了负弯矩作用下体外预应力组合梁的开裂和极限承载力。研究结果表明:对负弯矩区组合梁施加体外预应力后,可有效提高截面的开裂弯矩。负弯矩作用下体外预应力组合梁的预应力增量很小,可忽略。一般情况下,对负弯矩截面施加体外预应力,不会提高截面的屈服承载弯矩。负弯矩作用下体外预应力组合梁的极限承载力受失稳控制。把预应力作用作为等效荷载,探讨组合梁失稳承载力的计算方法,采用BS5400:Part3方法计算了预应力组合梁的失稳临界弯矩。     

Load carrying capacity of composite beams prestressed with external tendons under positive moment

Tests have been carried out to study the ultimate moment and incremental tendon stress of steel-concrete composite beams prestressed with external tendons under positive moment. It appears that adding prestressing by external tendons of the composite beams can significantly increase the yield load and the ultimate resistance of the beams. The deflection at the serviceability state is also reduced. However, a substantial incremental stress will develop in the tendons at the ultimate state. On the basis of the compatibility of the tendons and the composite beam at the anchorage section, and equilibrium of the internal force, the neutral axis equation of the composite beam section at the ultimate state is derived. The simplified expressions for the ultimate incremental tendon stress related to the ultimate span/deflection value for four typical external tendon cases are developed. The results compare well with the test results and the finite element analysis. A simplified method for predicting the ultimate incremental tendon force and the load carrying capacity of the composite beams prestressed with external tendons is proposed.     

连续梁中无粘结预应力筋极限应力增量

无粘结筋极限应力增量的合理计算,是较准确计算无粘结预应力混凝土梁正截面承载力和极限荷载的基础。采用弯矩-曲率非线性分析法编制了可考察预应力混凝土梁中无粘结筋极限应力增量的计算程序,通过与16根两跨预应力混凝土连续梁中无粘结筋极限应力实测值的比较,验证了该方法的精确性。最后基于仿真分析结果,得到了预应力筋配筋指标、非预应力筋配筋指标、跨高比、加载形式等参数对承载能力极限状态下连续梁中无粘结筋应力增长的影响规律;建立了无粘结部分预应力混凝土连续梁中无粘结筋极限应力增量的计算公式。     

预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁的变形分析

对预应力钢-混凝土连续组合梁在正常使用极限状态下的变形计算进行分析。分析考虑钢与混凝土之间的滑移效应,建立简化计算模型,并在此基础上,提出混凝土支座开裂区长度以及预应力筋内力增量的计算公式,给出两跨预应力连续组合梁跨中挠度的计算图表。分析结果表明,两跨预应力连续组合梁变形计算公式计算正常使用极限状态预应力筋的内力值精度较高,不考虑预应力筋内力增量的变形计算值较试验值偏大,考虑预应力筋内力增量的变形计算值精度有明显提高,与试验结果吻合较好,可供工程设计参考。最后在两跨预应力连续组合梁变形计算公式的基础上提出预应力连续组合梁变形计算的通用方法。     

工字钢-混凝土组合梁弹性约束畸变屈曲研究

约束畸变屈曲是不同于侧向屈曲和畸变屈曲的一类特殊的屈曲形式,通常发生在组合梁负弯矩区。基于弹性地基压杆方法对组合梁弹性约束畸变屈曲进行了研究。将Svensson压杆模型进行改进,考虑了腹板参与部分,并推导了两种基于改进压杆模型的变轴力稳定计算表达式。借助于有限元方法,分析了现有变轴力弹性地基压杆方法用于组合梁约束畸变屈曲的求解精度,研究结果表明：弹性地基压杆方法对组合梁作用纯弯矩及三角形负弯矩情况符合良好,但对非线性弯矩分布情况精度较差。对约束畸变屈曲引入等效弯矩假设,并对其适用性进行了分析,提出了约束畸变屈曲等效弯矩假设临界长度简化公式,进而通过三步简化实现了连续组合梁弹性约束畸变屈曲计算。图16表7参17     

钢-混凝土组合梁抗裂性能的试验研究

为研究钢-混凝土连续组合梁的受力性能,特别是体外预应力对抗裂性能和刚度的影响,完成3根反向加载的简支组合梁和3根2跨连续组合梁的静力加载试验,其中包括2根在钢梁和混凝土板内折线布筋的体外预应力组合梁。试验表明:非预应力组合梁在负弯矩作用下的开裂荷载较低,连续梁在较低荷载下就会由于混凝土开裂而发生明显的内力重分布,且横向钢筋间距对裂缝间距具有一定影响;折线布筋的体外预应力组合梁开裂荷载增大,裂缝间距和裂缝宽度明显减小,且相同荷载下的挠度下降,说明体外预应力可有效改善组合梁的综合受力性能。此外,预应力作用对组合梁的滑移分布有较明显影响。