Nondestructive Testing of Mechanical Properties of Rolled Steel (Review): 1. Tests of Strength and Plastic Properties

This review considers the creation and development of a nondestructive technique based on coercive-force measurements used to determine strength and plastic properties of industrial rolling products made from Russian-produced low-carbon and low-alloy steels. The operating principle for a coercimeter equipped with a field electromagnet is described briefly. Regression lines of mechanical properties versus coercimeter readings are presented for 20Κ- and 09Γ2-steel sheets produced by Nizhni Tagil Iron and Steel Works. Different methods for considering sheet thickness and tube dimensions are discussed.__________Translated from Defektoskopiya, Vol. 41, No. 5, 2005, pp. 39–52.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Bida.     

云检测之初步实践

结合云计算技术的进展和无损检测技术领域的实际情况,就云检测集成技术在无损检测领域的开拓与应用做了一些有益的探索和实践。无损云检测的实现原理是：将传感器采集的数据收集于云端进行分析、存储、处理、评估、预测以及信息反馈,在云端汇集了多种无损检测技术的一系列软硬件资源,由无损检测的相关标准和规范构建云计算服务平台,供客户端共享。客户端在检测进程中可进行远程控制和信息共享,享受云检测带来的便捷服务和高效率。介绍一个初步建立的小型模拟无损云检测系统平台。它以X3电磁检测雏形客户终端/U3超声检测雏形客户终端以及分别建立于厦门、北京两地的云端服务节点/中心所组成。以该无损云检测系统平台为例,讨论无损云检测的优越性、技术要点和进一步的发展方向。     

Nondestructive Method for Testing Stress-Strain Properties of Oil Pipes

The results of study and statistical processing of the magnetic properties, namely, the coercive force and the relaxation magnetization, as well as the strength, plastic, and tensile properties of the 32G2S, 36G2S, and 38KhNM steels, used in fabricating oil pipes, as functions of the heating temperatures in quenching and tempering are given. Relations between the stress-strain and magnetic properties are estimated using the multiple correlation method. The introduction of the multiparameter nondestructive method for testing finished oil pipes at the Sinarsk Pipe Factory is described with reference to a plane-carbon steel of the D strength group and the 38KhNM low-alloyed steel of the E strength group.     

Methods for Nondestructive Testing and Diagnostics of Durability of Articles Made of Polymer Composite Materials

Results of theoretical and experimental studies of the nondestructive testing of the strength properties of polymer composite materials (fiberglass) and articles produced thereof (cylindrical shells) are considered. Most attention has been paid to the ultrasonic propagation-time and acousticemission methods as well as an ultrasonic method based on measuring the velocities of longitudinal and transverse elastic waves in the tangential and axial directions of a cylindrical shell. Analytical and correlation equations have been derived that establish connection between destructive and nondestructive testing.     

The Structure and the Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of Steel M74 and the Possibility of Nondestructive Testing of Heat-Treatment-Hardened Rails

Dependences of the coercive force, the relaxation magnetization, the hardness, and the strength and plastic properties of steel M74, intended for manufacturing railroad rails, on its tempering temperature were studied. Hardened specimens have the martensite structure as well as the sorbite structure of different dispersity. Analogous dependences of critical fields, which correspond to the displacement of 180° and 90° domain walls during the magnetization reversal, and of the induced magnetic-anisotropy field were also analyzed. An MC-ИФМ magnetic structure analyzer was shown to be suitable for the nondestructive testing of the mechanical properties of finished rails. The correlation model is two-parameter; i.e., analyzer readings are used that were recorded after successive magnetization reversals of inspected sections of rails to magnetic fields corresponding to two different currents in the electromagnetic coils.     

On Proceedings of XVI Russian Scientific and Technical Conference. Progress in Ultrasonic Testing

The XVI Russian Scientific and Technical Conference devoted to nondestructive testing has taken place September 9–12, 2002 in St. Petersburg. The participants of the conference obtained the program, abstracts of the papers [1], and a compact disk with presentation of the reports. This paper reviews the most interesting studies on ultrasonic testing presented in this conference. The reports devoted to vibrational diagnostics and acoustic emission are not reviewed. Certain reports are absent on the compact disk. In what follows, this is noted and the summary of the papers is given.     

飞机铝板腐蚀的热无损检测及数据处理方法

用红外热像无损检测技术对飞机铝合金板背面的腐蚀进行无损评估,分析试验系统的腐蚀探测能力,检验理论分析和一些数据处理方法的有效性.检测对象包括参考试件和存在自然腐蚀的真实飞机结构件.在检测参考试件上的以机制底孔加化学腐蚀处理而制作的替代腐蚀缺陷时,时间域傅里叶变换法可获得最高的信噪比(SNR),在1.8 mm铝板上直径大于10 mm的各个缺陷区,腐蚀探测极限的估计值约为10%.对带有自然腐蚀的飞机铝合金件的检测表明,原始热像或简单处理算法,如时间平均,就能提供很高的SNR值.而一些先进处理算法,如脉冲相位法(PPT)、主分量分析(PCA)、多项式拟合和相关分析,在检测飞机铝板的自然腐蚀时其有效性值得怀疑.用三维传热数值计算对飞机铝试件的热无损检测进行了理论分析,所得到的理论温度分布及其变化过程与实测值相近.对一维腐蚀表征方法在航空铝板检测中的有效性进行了检验,证明该方法是有效的.     

The mechanism of aging of reference articles for penetrant nondestructive testing: Part I. Effects of materials for nondestructive testing on aging of articles

Different versions of reference articles and specific features of their use for testing the working capacity of materials for penetrant nondestructive testing are described. The reasons and specific features of degradation of reference articles over time are considered. Gradual contamination of crack holes by traces of the materials for nondestructive testing and by products of metal corrosion and oxidation are the main reason for deterioration of the quality of articles. Specific features of the accumulation of contaminants, oxides, and oxidation products in crack holes, as well as the content of these substances, are presented.Translated from Defektoskopiya, Vol. 41, No. 1, 2005, pp. 60–66.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Glazkov.     

Modern State of Nondestructive Testing of Mechanical Properties and Stamping Ability of Steel Sheets in a Manufacturing Technological Flow

The modern state of methods and instruments of nondestructive testing of mechanical properties and stamping ability in a manufacturing technological flow is systematized and analyzed. The underlying principles of designing and features of operation of these instruments, as well as their basic advantages and limitations and ways of reducing the effect of interfering factors, are considered.     

钎焊叶轮的无损检测

对可用于钎焊叶轮钎缝质量的无损检测方法进行了分析,提出了适宜的检测方法,并对实际检测过程中遇到难以进行C扫描成像的特殊形状的钎焊叶轮提出了可行的解决方案.     

用于脉冲涡流检测的新型数据处理方法

脉冲涡流检测是一种广泛应用的无损检测技术,是近年来的研究热点。本文对脉冲涡流检测的一种新型数据处理方法进行研究,为增强脉冲涡流检测技术的智能化水平提供理论依据。首先以感应信号分析为基础,分析了二阶系统拟合方法应用于脉冲涡流检测数据处理的合理性;然后对广义回归神经网络用于模式识别的优势进行分析,并应用该方法对脉冲涡流感应的模型参数进行分类,从而对被测导体进行材质鉴别及量化特征的识别分析;最后,通过实验验证了该"二阶系统拟合-基于GRNN的模式识别"方法的有效性并分析存在的问题,同时也指出了有待进一步深化研究的方向。     

Theoretical Aspects of Applying Lamb Waves in Nondestructive Testing of Anisotropic Media

Theoretical aspects of applying Lamb waves to nondestructive testing of layered anisotropic media are considered. Propagation of Lamb waves is analyzed using a six-dimensional complex Cauchy formalism that allows one to obtain a closed-form equation for determining the dispersion of Lamb waves in media with arbitrary elastic anisotropy. The possibility for applying the higher modes of Lamb waves to nondestructive testing is noted.     

热轧410S不锈钢板材钨极氩弧焊焊接接头的组织与性能

通过对热轧410S不锈钢板材手工钨极氩弧焊(TIG)焊接接头的组织观察、无损检测、力学性能和耐晶间腐蚀性能试验,以及铁素体含量和显微硬度的测定,研究了热轧410S不锈钢板材TIG焊接接头的组织与性能。结果表明:采用TIG方法焊接410S不锈钢接头的抗拉强度不低于母材的,而且塑性良好;焊接接头的宏观形貌呈铸造粗大组织,并具有明显的外延生长特性;焊缝组织主要为柱状晶奥氏体+沿柱状晶分布的δ铁素体,δ铁素体体积分数为15%~20%;热影响区的马氏体在焊接热的作用下发生了M→γ→M相变,原处于晶界条带中细小的颗粒状马氏体被黑色的团块状马氏体所替代;该焊接接头的晶间腐蚀倾向按热影响区、母材、焊缝顺序依次降低。     

A method for proximate testing of railroad wheels

A new method for nondestructive testing of railroad wheels using natural vibrations that are excited by a hammer impact is proposed. The method is based on the effect of the generation of the dominant frequencies of natural vibrations in the presence of cracks. A physical substantiation of the method and the results of experimental studies are presented. The place of the proposed method in the general system of nondestructive testing of railroad wheels is determined. In addition, methods for nondestructive testing based on using natural vibration frequencies are briefly reviewed.     

装备中的无损检测技术

介绍无损检测技术在装备检测中的作用，现代无损检测技术的发展，几种无损检测方法在具体装备中的应用和适用领域。     

液压冲击机械测试原理与方法及试验研究

液压冲击机械是一类特殊的机械设备，其性能参数的数据采集和测试系统的设计一直是各国学者的研究热点。分析了液压冲击机械的几种工作性能参数的测试原理和测试方法，根据某一典型液压冲击机械液压控制系统原理，设计了一种典型的液压冲击机械工作性能参数的测试系统，介绍了该测控系统的软硬件组成，并通过测试试验研究了该系统的工作参数变化规律。     

无损检测技术在复合材料检测中的应用

介绍了复合材料在制造和使用过程中产生的缺陷和损伤的形式,讨论和分析了复合材料检测中各种无损检测技术的特点及适用范围,并对其优、缺点进行了比较和评价。     

钢丝绳芯传输胶带的电磁无损检测方法与装置研究

基于电磁无损检测理论,分析了钢丝绳传输胶带（以下简称胶带）检测的本质,比较了几种电磁检测方法的优劣。然后确定了以漏磁检测为基础的胶带检测实验方法,同时设计了可以对胶带的无损检测进行多因素、多角度变量研究的实验检测装置,文章还具体介绍了装置的关键部件。最后对胶带的电磁检测发展前景进行了讨论。     

反求工程在曲面工件超声无损检测中的应用研究

阐述了反求工程在曲面工件超声波检测中的重要作用 ,并对曲面工件超声波检测中反求工程的特点和关键技术进行分析和研究 ,在此基础上提出了面向实物的超声波测量、曲面重建、超声波无损检测一体化方案 ,为实现曲面工件的快速无损检测开辟了新的途径