A new polyphase sequence with perfect even and good odd cross-correlation functions for DS/CDMA systems

A class of polyphase signature sequences for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) systems is proposed. The proposed class has zero periodic (=even) cross-correlation (CC) function and approximate maximum magnitude N//spl pi/ of odd cross-correlation (OCC), where N is the length of sequences. Although the maximum magnitude is relatively large, it is observed that the maximum magnitude has little effect on the performance of the DS/CDMA system, since its frequency is very low. The performance of the proposed sequence in DS/CDMA systems is investigated and shown to be better than that of other sequences for an asynchronous additive white Gaussian noise channel environment with and without Rayleigh multipath fading.     

Performance of SCHT Sequences in Asynchronous CDMA System

In this letter, the performance of a new set of spreading sequences for a direct sequence (DS) code division multiple access (CDMA) system is examined. These new sequences are derived from sequency-ordered complex Hadamard transform (SCHT). Various correlation properties are presented and the performance of the new sequence is analyzed by comparing it with the other well-known existing spreading sequences, such as UCHT, WHT, Gold, small set of Kasami and m-sequences. According to the simulation results, it is shown that the SCHT sequences provide smaller mean square cross correlation values and offer better average bit error rate for an asynchronous CDMA system over the multipath fading channel.     

Throughput Analysis of a Decentralized RLAN Based on Asynchronous DS/CDMA Using Random Periodic Spreading Sequences

Packet throughput figures are obtained for a decentralized radio local area network (RLAN) which is based on asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA). Packets arrive at the receiver nodes with different power levels. Techniques are developed to derive the probability of packet success for a system employing random periodic spreading sequences. It can be shown, that this system performs far better than a network using random spreading sequences. Based on the packet error probability, throughput figures of slotted DS/CDMA-ALOHA are presented for various scenarios. The effect of applying forward error correction (FEC) is investigated. For finite user environments, additional sources of errors have to be considered. These have a major impact and reduce the overall system performance. Finally, the throughput figures of a system applying the binary exponential backoff algorithm to avoid unstable behavior is investigated. The performance figures of the various systems described in this paper show that DS/CDMA forms a valuable choice for future RLANs.     

Asynchronous QR-RLS-CMOE Blind Multiuser Detection

DS/CDMA communication systems are widelyused because of their obvious advantages, such as softcapacity, soft handover, higher spectral efficiency andthe ability to mitigate the effects of multi-path fading.However, the multiple access interference (MAI) andnear-far problem in DS/CDMA limit the furtherapplications of this technique. The structure of the conventional single-userdetector (CD), which neglects the presence of MAI, issimple, but its performance is limited, and the receiversuf…     

Distributed sample acquisition-based fast cell search in inter-cellasynchronous DS/CDMA systems

We introduce a fast fell-search scheme based on the distributed sample acquisition (DSA) technique for inter-cell asynchronous DS/CDMA systems. The proposed DSA scheme enables the long-code acquisition extremely fast even without employing any passive matched filter which used to dominate synchronization circuit complexity in asynchronous DS/CDMA systems. In the DSA-based asynchronous DS/CDMA system, each base station spreads its DQPSK-modulated long-code generator information with an assigned short-period igniter sequence, and broadcasts it as a common pilot signal. A mobile station first identifies and acquires the igniter sequence of the cell group currently located, then detects the conveyed long-code generator information by despreading the acquired igniter sequence, thereby identifying and synchronizing the long-code of the current cell. The mean acquisition time of this proposed DSA-based inter-cell asynchronous DS/CDMA system, evaluated under the assumption that each of 512 cell-specific long-codes is a 10-ms segment (38400-chips for the chip rates of 3.84 Mchips/s) of complex Gold codes of period 2¹⁸-1 and the igniter sequence (or, group code) set is composed of 7 complex orthogonal Gold codes of period 256, turned out even shorter than that of the inter-cell synchronous DS/CDMA systems employing the conventional serial search method. Furthermore, simulation results showed that the DSA scheme employing a passive matched filter is much superior in terms of acquisition time and robustness, to the 3GPP W-CDMA synchronization scheme having comparable complexity     

用于CDMA的四相混沌扩频序列

本文由混沌映射产生用于直扩码分多址（ＤＳ／ＣＤＭＡ）系统的四相扩频序列，证明了周期为Ｎ的此类扩频序列的四种广义奇相关均服从均方值为Ｎ的瑞利分布。混沌四相序列的相关峰值较混沌二相序列有显著的下降，多址性能与传统四相扩频序列相同。     

一种新型的适用于CDMA扩频系统的混沌序列

在各种混沌映射的基础上,为了改善混沌序列被截短带来的影响,提出了一种级联型的混沌映射。研究和仿真证明,该方法产生的混沌序列在伪随机性、相关性、平衡性、误码率方面的性能优良,很适合用于DS/CDMA扩频通信中。     

一类零相关区序列偶集的研究

在准同步CDMA系统中,使用零相关区(ZCZ)序列能够避免共信道冲突和多址干扰。通过应用序列偶理论,基于交织技术和一类最优ZCZ序列集中的移位序列,成功构造出了具有良好自相关和互相关性能的ZCZ序列偶集,不但可以生成不同的零相关区,而且使得序列偶集中的所有序列都循环移位不等价。仿真结果表明,它的性能优良,适于作准同步CDMA系统的扩频序列。     

Coupling cancellation based multiuser detector for asynchronousDS/CDMA

A three-shot multiuser detector is proposed for the reverse link of asynchronous DS/CDMA systems. By taking advantage of the preceding (already reconstructed) bit and the matched filter output for the following two bits, the coupling between temporally adjacent bits (TABs, which always exists for asynchronous systems) is cancelled in a three step fashion. The obtained detector has several useful advantages over existing schemes     

Efficient evaluation of the error probabilities of spread-spectrummultiple-access communications

We consider the performance of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) communications. In particular, we illustrate the use of a semianalytical approach which is combined with importance sampling for the efficient evaluation of the average bit-error rates (BERs) of asynchronous direct-sequence (DS) based CDMA systems employing binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation along with specific signature sequences for a variety of system parameters     

A subcarrier multiplexed CDM optical local area network, theory andexperiment

A hybrid scheme is proposed for the purpose of suppressing the effects of external modulation and/or laser nonlinearities in subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) fiber optic communications systems. Hybrid CDMA/FDMA combines two schemes in such a way that the resulting hybrid network is robust against interference and is much more spectrally efficient than a CDMA system. Several possible architectures are introduced for the hybrid CDMA/FDMA subcarrier fiber optic local area network (LAN). The networks utilize CDMA and SCM, an asynchronous multiple access scheme. Direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access (DS/SSMA), the most common form of CDMA is employed. It is shown that by using the code sequence sets for which the shift-and-add property holds, intermodulation products (IMPs) and harmonics have a similar interference-like effect as nonmatching sequences do. Owing to the fact that the shift-and-add property holds for conventional spreading sequences, suppression of nonlinear distortions is examined. An average error probability performance evaluation of the selected configuration is presented for a transceiver pair. In analysis of the system, the authors assume the interference term arising from other users is Gaussian distributed. The results are compared to that obtained by exact evaluation of interference distribution using Gauss quadrature rule integration method. The authors compare the performance of this scheme for two different code sequence lengths. They also present some preliminary experimental results on the proposed LAN implementation as well as its measured transmission performance     

Logistic混沌序列性能分析及应用仿真

首先通过和m序列的比较，分析了Logistic-Map混沌序列的部分自相关特性和互相关特性，作了相应的实验数据分析，并通过Logistic—Map混沌序列在直扩系统中的应用仿真表明了混沌序列具有较理想的相关特性，是DS／CDMA系统中扩频码的优选码型。     

Cumulant-based inverse filter criteria for MIMO blinddeconvolution: properties, algorithms, and application to DS/CDMAsystems in multipath

Tugnait (1995) and Chi and Chen proposed multi-input multi-output inverse filter criteria (MIMO-IFC) using higher order statistics for blind deconvolution of MIMO linear time-invariant systems. This paper proposes three properties on the performance of the MIMO linear equalizer associated with MIMO-IFC for any signal-to-noise ratio, including (P1) perfect phase equalization property, (P2) a relation to MIMO minimum mean square error (MIMO-MMSE) equalizer, and (P3) a connection with the one obtained by MIMO super-exponential algorithm (MIMO-SEA) that usually converges fast but does not guarantee convergence for finite data. Based on (P2), a fast algorithm for computing the theoretically optimum MIMO equalizer is proposed. Moreover, based on (P3), a fast MIMO-IFC based algorithm with performance similar to that of the MIMO-SEA and with guaranteed convergence is proposed as well as its application to suppression of multiple access interference and intersymbol interference (ISI) for multiuser asynchronous DS/CDMA systems in multipath. Finally, some simulation results are presented to support the analytic results and the proposed algorithms     

Logistic映射扩频序列的相关分布

本文由Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ映射产生用于直扩码分多址（ＤＳ／ＣＤＭＡ）系统的扩频序列,证明了周期为Ｎ的此类扩频序列的偶相关和奇相关均服从均值为０、方差为Ｎ的高斯分布,采用混沌扩频序列的ＣＤＭＡ系统的容量怀传统扩频序列相同。     

异步DS-CDMA系统中相对时延对多用户检测的性能影响: 分析与评估

多用户检测技术是DS-CDMA系统中的关键技术之一。在反向链路的基站接收机一端,接收信号是各用户异步发射信号经传输信道后的叠加,许多多用户检测器的输入是对系统中各用户用特征波形匹配滤波后以符号速率采样的信号。然而,异步用户间不同的相对时延将引起不等的部分互相关系数,从而也导致不一样的多用户检测性能。该文分析了平均部分互相关系数的解析表达式并给出了计算方法,采用进化算法求解最大以及最小部分互相关系数存在的相对时延条件,提出了异步系统中多用户检测在平均、最大以及最小部分互相关系数条件下的性能分析与评估方法,对分析和比较多用户检测接收机整体性能具有很大意义。     

Algebraic Constructions of Optimal Frequency-Hopping Sequences

Frequency-hopping (FH) spread spectrum and direct-sequence spread spectrum are two main spread-coding technologies. Frequency-hopping sequences are needed in FH code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems. In this correspondence, three classes of optimal frequency-hopping sequences are constructed with algebraic methods. The three classes are based on perfect nonlinear functions, power functions, and norm functions, respectively. Both individual optimal frequency-hopping sequences and optimal families of frequency-hopping sequences are presented.     

Capacity of DS/CDMA communication systems with optimum spectraloverlap

We consider frequency overlapped DS/CDMA (FO/CDMA) communication systems where a number of DS/CDMA systems share frequency bands with adjacent systems. We analyze the multiple-access interference from adjacent systems with arbitrary amount of frequency overlap and compare the capacity of FO/CDMA with that of single wideband CDMA (WCDMA). The optimum amount of overlap increases with the number of overlapped systems. However the maximum capacity is obtained when the optimum number of systems are overlapped by half null-to-null bandwidth. It is shown that the FO/CDMA yields higher capacity in the case of relaxed bit error rate requirement and low decay rate of multipath intensity profile. Otherwise, WCDMA is superior     

Bit error rate of incompletely synchronised correlator inasynchronous DS/CDMA system using SS Markovian codes

The distribution of self-interferences of an incompletely synchronised correlator within a fraction of a chip in an asynchronous DS/CDMA system using spreading sequences (SS) codes generated by Markov chains is considered. The resulting expressions for BER lead to a conclusion that SS codes with Markovity look promising     

Orthogonal on-off BPSK: a convenient signaling scheme for near-farresistant detection in DS/CDMA

This paper proposes a convenient signaling scheme-orthogonal on-off BPSK (O³BPSK)-for near-far (NF) resistant detection in asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS/CDMA) systems (uplink). The temporally adjacent bits from different users in the received signals are decoupled by using the on-off signaling, and the original data rate is maintained with no increase in transmission rate by adopting an orthogonal structure. The detector at the receiver is a one-shot linear decorrelating detector, which depends upon neither hard decision nor specific channel coding. The application of O³ strategy to the differentially encoded BPSK (D-BPSK) sequences is also presented. Finally, some computer simulations are shown to confirm the theoretical analysis     

Performance of binary and quaternary direct-sequencespread-spectrum multiple-access systems with random signature sequences

The performance of synchronous and asynchronous, binary and quaternary (with and without offset) direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS/SSMA) communication systems using random signature sequences and arbitrary chip waveforms is investigated. The average probability of error at the output of the correlation receiver is evaluated using a characteristic-function approach for these systems. Numerical results are presented that illustrate performance comparisons between systems using random and deterministic signature sequences, synchronous and asynchronous systems, systems with rectangular or sinewave chip waveforms, and binary and quaternary systems with the same data rates and bandwidth. In all cases, the accuracy of the Gaussian approximation is also examined