粉末压制过程运动仿真的研究

粉末压制过程的计算机模拟技术是用于指导和优化粉末冶金压制工艺和模具设计的关键技术,已成为粉末冶金工业发展的研究热点,简述了粉末压制过程计算机模拟系统中的运动仿真模真原理,结构以及主要功能,并提出了相应的设计方法。     

粉末冶金温压成形技术的研究现状

粉末冶金温压成形,在得到较高致密度零件的同时,可以较铸造和锻造显著的降低原料成本,缩短零件的研制周期,具有重要的研究价值。本文概述了国内外温压成形技术的应用、发展现状及温压成形工艺的关键技术,指出了粉末冶金温压成形技术的发展方向。     

粉末高速压制技术的发展现状

粉末高速压制成形（HVC）技术在2001年由瑞典H6ganasAB公司提出,并在瑞典Hydropulsor公司生产的HVC设备上实现了速度≤10m·s^-1的压制成形。高速压制成形原理是通过应力波在粉体中的传播使粉末致密,该技术具有压制生坯密度高、密度分布均匀、产品综合性能优异的特点,可以通过连续多次压制实现小设备压制大零件等,所以备受青睐。多个国家的研究者开展了相应的研究工作,材料涉及铁、铜、钛及其合金、磁性材料、陶瓷材料等。高速压制的粉末致密化机理不同于传统压制,今后还有待进一步深入开展研究。     

钛合金粉末温压成形行为

研究了钛合金粉末的温压成形行为。结果发现，在同一压制压力下，钛合金粉末的生坯密度均在140℃左右达到最大值，高于或低于这一温度，生坯密度反而降低。在压制压力为500MPa下，温压成形的脱模力比室温成形的脱模力降低27．7％。同时，温压成形较室温成形改善了钛合金件的显微组织。     

二次温压对铜粉和镍粉反应的影响

研究了铜和镍混合粉经冷压和一次冷压、二次温压两种压制方法成型后的烧结体的显微组织以及密度和硬度。结果发现，在铜粉和镍粉反应过程中，二次温压对烧结体显微组织、密度和硬度有重要的影响。二次温压较冷压有利于Cu-Ni单相固溶体的形成，可以提高铜粉和镍粉烧结体的密度和硬度。     

粉末冶金压制成形数值模拟研究进展

压制工序的技术水平对于粉末冶金产品的品质有着决定性的影响,而通过数值模拟改进压制技术工艺是一种十分有效的方法,目前这一方法已经得到了极大的关注.本文总结了国内外众多学者近年来应用有限元技术对金属粉末压制成形进行数值模拟研究的历史进程、粉末压制的建模方法、模拟中的难点、模拟时软件的选取等,并在此基础上提出了目前这一领域发展的展望.     

Investigation of Die Stress Profiles During Powder Compaction Using Instrumented Die

The die stress profiles during compaction of commercially pure titanium (Ti) and commercial lubricated iron (Fe) powders were experimentally investigated using an instrumented die. The die was designed to simulate double-action pressing, and a detailed stress profile was measured along the height of the die using multiple custom-made strain gage pins. The stress history shows that residual stress remained in the die in the radial direction after the axial compaction stress was removed from the powder. Also, the stress profile at the maximum axial stress and the residual stress profile were observed to be symmetric across the height of the compact for both powders, but both have a unique shape for each powder. For both the stress profile at the maximum axial stress and the residual stress profile, the unlubricated Ti powder produced a much higher radial stress at the center of the compact with a steep pressure gradient on both top and bottom of the compact, while the lubricated Fe powder produced a rather uniform radial stress distribution along the height of the compact. This article was presented at Materials Science & Technology 2007, Automotive and Ground Vehicles symposium held September 16–20, 2007, in Detroit, MI.     

基于有限元模拟的钼粉末温压成形分析

为了研究钼粉末温压成形过程,用有限元分析软件建立了钼粉末温压成形的有限元模型,对三维圆柱等截面粉柱温压成形过程进行了有限元数值模拟,从模拟结果得到了最终坯体内部密度和应力等参量的分布情况以及钼粉末颗粒轴向和径向流动规律.实验验证了所建立有限元模型的可靠性,并分析了部分工艺和材料性能参数对钼粉末成形的影响.结果表明:在钼粉末的温压成形过程中,压坯顶部半端面、轴截面和侧壁的相对密度分布等值线和其应力分布等值线非常接近.     

用于粉冶温压的分级电阻式加热系统及控制研制

介绍了分级电阻式粉末冶金温压加热系统总体方案，在结构上采用加热器和恒温器两级电阻式加热管加热。加热模块的控制选用TMA-7412Z型智能双数显调节仪，压机模块采用普通粉末压机的控制方式，送料模块及整个温压系统的控制采用PLC。给出了配有浮动阴模的温压系统PLC接线图及信号时序图。在此基础上，开发出HGWY—Ⅱ型粉末冶金温压精密成形系统。     

压扭工艺改善钼粉末温压成形的模拟分析

运用MSC．Marc有限元仿真软件,采用基于更新拉格朗日方法的热-机耦合分析方法,模拟了钼粉温压和温压扭成形过程,获得了2种工艺条件下的粉坯相对密度分布规律,验证了有限元模型的可靠性。结果表明：压扭工艺可以减小粉坯端面边缘处相对密度分布梯度,增大侧壁附近粉末变形量,并显著提高平均相对密度及相对密度分布的均匀性。     

High Velocity Compaction of Aluminum Powders

High velocity compaction process of atomized Al powders was studied. The green density, the maximal force and the withdraw force of specimen were investigated. The green density of atomized aluminum powder was obtained to be 2.68 g/cm3 and its relative density is about 99%. The maximal force increased proximately linearly with the compaction energy. The withdraw force was observed ranging between 30 and 70 kN. The radial spring back was less than 0.1%.     

Compaction of TiAlMn Alloy Powder by Explosion and Sintering

Direct explosive compaction and sintering of a mixture of Ti-30Al-2Mn(wt%)and Ti-38Al-2Mn(wt%)intermetallic compound powders were carried out.Microstructure and phase characteristics of the alloyswere analysed by TEM,SEM,X-ray diffractometry and optical microscopy.The results showed that the rel-ative density of the samples which were explosive-compacted and sintered reached 99.90%,and fine grainstructure was obtained.Through the explosive-compacting and then sintering at 1373 K in argon atmos-phere,mutual diffusion between Ti-30Al-2Mn particles and Ti-38Al-2Mn particles took place and TiAlphase was formed in the alloy.TiAl based alloys prepared by high-energy ball-milling powders had much fi-ner grain size than those prepared by general ball-milling powdeis.     

Effect of Powder Type and Compaction Pressure on the Density,Hardness and Oxidation Resistance of Sintered and Steam-treated Steels

Two types of Hoganas iron powders—sponge (NC), and highly compressible (SC) were investigated. These specimens were compacted with a pressure of 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 MPa, before sintering in a production belt-type furnace. Steam treatment of the specimens was at 570 °C for 30 min. The sintered density and as-sintered hardness increase with increasing compaction pressure, and are significantly influenced by the powder structural characteristics. During steam treatment the type of powder and compaction pressure have an important influence on the extent of pore closure and weight gain. The maximum hardness was obtained for the components compacted at a pressure of 500 MPa for both groups of iron powders. Surface pore closure and oxidation resistance of the steam-treated components are improved with increasing compaction pressure.     

电磁成形技术在粉末成形中的应用

介绍了电磁成形技术、粉末挤压成形方法以及电磁成形技术在粉末成形中的应用.用电磁成形技术压制粉末材料是获得高密度、高性能粉末冶金制品的一种有效方法,是低成本制造高密度陶瓷零件的新途径.     

爆炸压实W-Cu粉末的数值模拟与实验验证

通过数值模拟研究了W-Cu混合粉末的爆炸压实过程。研究不同爆速对压实坯致密度的影响,分析了在爆速5000 m/s条件下粉体内冲击波的传播过程及粉体在冲击波作用下的变形规律,并分析了粉体中心的马赫反射现象。选取粉体侧壁单元的位移曲线来显示加载、卸载过程,对侧壁单元的位移曲线进行分析,以此作为粉体的压实程度来估算压实坯致密度。结果显示当爆速为5300 m/s时,压实坯可达到一个较大的致密度。将研究结果应用于W-Cu混合粉末的爆炸压实实验,实验与数值计算结果显示了较好的吻合性。     

Dynamic Compaction of Pure Copper Powder Using Pulsed Magnetic Force

The compaction of pure Cu powder was carried out through a series of experiments using dynamic magnetic pulse compaction, and the effects of process parameters, such as discharge energy and compacting direction, on the homogeneity and the compaction density of compacted specimens were presented and discussed. The results indicated that the compaction density of specimens increased with the augment of discharge voltage and time. During unidirectional compaction, there was a density gradient along the loading direction in the compacted specimen, and the minimum compaction density was localized to the center of the bottom of the specimen. The larger the aspect ratio of a powder body, the higher the compaction density of the compacted specimen. And high conductivity drivers were beneficial to the increase of the compaction density. The iterative and the double direction compaction were efficient means to manufacture the homogeneous and high-density powder parts.     

Research and Simulation of Influence of Three-Axial Compaction on Powder Metallurgic Products Properties

The warm powder compaction process is simulated by the finite element analysis software, MSCJMARC. The thermal mechanically coupled analysis method is applied on the basis of the updated Lagrangian Method, to simulate the warm powder compaction process. The warm powder compaction process is simulated, and the influence of friction condition and pressing styles are researched on the density of powder green and the mechanics behavior at certain temperature. The results indicate that for cylindrical compacts, with the improvement of the friction condition, the uniformity of distribution of green relative density is largely improved, the pressing force and stress decrease, and the nonconforming pressing processes influence the distribution of green density to some degree. The status of stress distribution of the process that punches firstly press and die finally press is different from the other three processes, and presents the figure of ＇flume ＇.     

基于金属粉末支撑的堆焊成形铺粉系统研究

设计了一种基于金属粉末支撑的GMAW堆焊成形方法,针对自行研制的金属堆焊成形设备,介绍了其铺粉原理和系统组成。开发了该设备的硬件系统和软件系统,对铺粉系统的控制方式以及软件系统的分层算法进行了分析,然后对设备的铺粉精度进行了试验验证,为基于金属粉末支撑的堆焊成形工艺研究提供了依据。     

TiO2的表面改性及其粉体流动性能评价方法的建立

目的 建立基于粉体流动性能和颜料性能的TiO₂综合性能评判方法,指导表面改性工艺的优化,获得兼具优异的流动性能与颜料性能的钛白粉产品。方法 以氯化法金红石型TiO₂为基料,依次进行Zr/Al无机包覆和有机包覆,研究包覆关键参数对TiO₂产品的流动性与颜料性能的影响。采用粉体流变仪进行TiO₂粉体的压缩性、壁摩擦、剪切作用测试,得到Hausner比、壁摩擦角、内摩擦角等表征流动性的特征指标参数;采用X射线荧光衍射仪测定钛白粉的无机元素含量;利用X射线衍射分析仪测定钛白粉基料的晶型;采用激光粒度仪测定粉体的粒度及粒度分布;通过扫描电子显微镜对粉体的表面形貌进行分析;通过光泽、消色力、遮盖率等指标评价钛白粉的颜料性能。以主成分分析法综合上述特征参数评判TiO₂综合性能。结果 对于Zr/Al无机包覆,当铝的添加量为2.0%～3.0%时,粉体具有较优的颜料性能和流动性能。对于有机包覆,当TMP添加量为0.4%或TME添加量为0.2%时,所得产品在保持良好颜料性能的同时具有较优的流动...