固体酸催化合成MQ硅树脂及其性能研究

以MM(六甲基二硅氧烷)和TPOS(正硅酸丙酯)为原料、固体酸为催化剂,采用水解-缩聚法制备了含甲基的MQ硅树脂。考察了m(M)∶m(Q)比例、反应时间和反应温度等对MQ硅树脂产率的影响。研究结果表明:以固体酸作为催化剂能成功制得MQ硅树脂;当m(M)∶m(Q)=0.60∶1、反应时间为3 h和反应温度为85℃时,合成的MQ硅树脂在N_2和空气气氛中的热稳定性较高,并且该MQ硅树脂对硅橡胶的力学补强作用较佳,具有潜在的应用价值。     

MQ硅树脂增强型RTV硅橡胶的研制

以自制MQ硅树脂为填料,采用原位增强方式制得MQ硅树脂增强型室温硫化(RTV)硅橡胶,通过红外光谱对材料补强前后的结构进行了表征;测试了材料的热性能及力学性能;研究了MQ硅树脂用量对增强型RTV硅橡胶透光率的影响。结果表明:实验所用MQ硅树脂的粒径主要集中在166 nm,能较好地分散在体系中发挥补强效果,还能与聚二甲基硅氧烷发生缩合反应进一步提高力学性能。当MQ硅树脂用量为30%时,MQ硅树脂增强型RTV硅橡胶的最大分解速率时的温度为552℃,拉伸强度为1.51 MPa,拉断伸长率为728.1%,邵尔A硬度为25度,850 nm处透光率为52%。     

MQ硅树脂/聚乳酸交联共聚物的制备及其性能研究

以丙交酯为原料、1,4-丁二醇为引发剂,开环聚合制备了羟基末端聚乳酸(OH-OLLA);然后以异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅氧烷封端聚乳酸,得到硅氧烷官能化的齐聚乳酸Si-OLLA;最后将聚乳酸Si-OLLA和甲基MQ硅树脂(Me-MQ)共聚交联,得到Si-OLLA/MQ薄膜。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振硅谱(29Si-NMR)对交联共聚物的结构进行了表征。通过热重分析法(TG)和示差扫描量热法(DSC)分析了交联共聚物薄膜的热性能。通过拉伸实验测试了交联共聚物薄膜的力学性能。当MQ硅树脂的含量为5%时,交联共聚物薄膜的拉伸强度为32.2 MPa,断裂延伸率为185.2%,极大的提高了聚乳酸材料的拉伸韧性。     

LED用双组分有机硅封装材料的制备与性能研究

以不含苯基的甲基乙烯基硅油(PMVS)和支链型低含氢硅油(PMHS)为主要原料,添加了甲基乙烯基硅树脂(MQ)、稀释剂及硅烷偶联剂(KH-570)等,在铂金水催化剂作用下合成了双组分有机硅封装材料。研究结果表明:由最佳工艺制备的LED封装材料具有较好的热稳定性,并且其在可见光区700 nm处的透光率超过95%;当n(Si—H)∶n(Si—Vi)=1.25∶1、w(MQ)=15%(相对于封装材料质量而言)时,该LED封装材料的综合性能相对最佳。     

MQ硅树脂/聚乳酸交联共聚物的制备及其性能研究

以丙交酯为原料、1,4-丁二醇为引发剂,开环聚合制备了羟基末端聚乳酸(OH-OLLA);然后以异氰酸丙基三乙氧基硅氧烷封端聚乳酸,得到硅氧烷官能化的齐聚乳酸Si-OLLA;最后将聚乳酸Si-OLLA和甲基MQ硅树脂(Me-MQ)共聚交联,得到Si-OLLA/MQ薄膜。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁共振硅谱(29Si-NMR)对交联共聚物的结构进行了表征。通过热重分析法(TG)和示差扫描量热法(DSC)分析了交联共聚物薄膜的热性能。通过拉伸实验测试了交联共聚物薄膜的力学性能。当MQ硅树脂的含量为5%时,交联共聚物薄膜的拉伸强度为32.2 MPa,断裂延伸率为185.2%,极大的提高了聚乳酸材料的拉伸韧性。     

乙烯基MQ硅树脂的热性能研究

利用1H-NMR和29Si-NMR表征以及热失重方法相结合研究了水玻璃法乙烯基MQ硅树脂的结构;利用TGA测试方法,研究了乙烯基MQ硅树脂的热分解稳定性,并利用Kissinger、Flynn-Wall-Ozawa和Coats-Redfern热分析方法求得乙烯基MQ硅树脂最大失重区的热分解动力学方程,其热分解动力学方程为:dα/dt=5.2×10~8(1-α)[-ln(1-α)]~(3/4)exp(-2.16×10~4/T)。     

MQ硅树脂/纳米TiO_2复合改性环氧树脂的结构与性能

以环氧树脂(EP)为基体树脂,以MQ硅树脂和纳米TiO_2(nano-TiO_2)同时作为EP的增韧改性剂,由此制备了nano-TiO_2/MQ硅树脂/EP复合材料。研究结果表明:MQ硅树脂已成功接枝在EP分子链上;当m(MQ硅树脂):m(nano-TiO_2):m(EP)=15:3:100时,nano-TiO_2/MQ硅树脂/EP复合体系的耐热性能明显提高,拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了66.6%和68.1%,其断面呈韧性断裂特征。     

氟化有机硅(MQ)树脂/丙烯酸酯聚合物的性能研究

以溶胶-凝胶的方法制备氟化MQ硅树脂,通过原位聚合法和共混法将氟化MQ硅树脂引入丙烯酸酯中,制备出氟化MQ硅树脂/丙烯酸酯聚合物,研究结果表明:丙烯酸酯聚合物引入氟化MQ硅树脂后,疏水性能、力学性能及耐热性均有不同程度的提高,2种方法制备的氟化MQ硅树脂/丙烯酸酯聚合物性能略有差异。     

脱水缩聚对由硅酸钠制备的MQ硅树脂羟基含量的影响

采用硅酸钠有机化法制备MQ硅树脂,经过脱水缩聚降低其羟基含量,并用容量法定量分析.研究了催化剂用量、脱水缩聚时间及温度对MQ硅树脂羟基含量的影响.脱水缩聚能够明显降低MQ硅树脂的羟基含量,并可控制其质量分数为1％～2％.脱水缩聚最佳工艺条件:时间为4h,催化剂为2 g KOH配制成质量分数为50％的溶液,温度为90～100℃.     

合成工艺对MQ硅树脂摩尔质量及其分布的影响

以正硅酸乙酯、六甲基二硅氧烷为主要原料合成MQ硅树脂,考察了共聚反应时间及温度、自聚反应时间及温度、硫酸及异丙醇的用量对MQ硅树脂摩尔质量的影响。结果表明:随着共聚时间的延长,MQ硅树脂摩尔质量小幅升高;随着共聚温度的升高,MQ硅树脂摩尔质量变化不大;随着自聚时间的延长,MQ硅树脂摩尔质量先升后降,并在后期再次升高;随着自聚温度的升高,MQ硅树脂摩尔质量逐渐升高;随着硫酸用量的增加,MQ硅树脂摩尔质量先降后升;随着异丙醇用量的增加,正硅酸乙酯水解速率提高,MQ硅树脂摩尔质量先升后降,摩尔质量分布系数由14. 63降至1. 97。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。