COSMO-SkyMed数据在常州市地表形变监测中的应用

小基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术(SBAS-InSAR)已成功应用于城市地表形变监测,并表现出极大的潜力和优势。X波段高分辨率雷达卫星在地表微小形变探测方面较C波段和L波段更为敏感。选取覆盖常州地区COSMO-SkyMed高分辨率SAR影像,采用SBAS-InSAR方法获得了地表形变时间序列,对比水准观测数据,分析了干涉测量结果的精度,根据历史地下水位监测数据,分析了地下水水位变化对地表形变的影响。结果表明:干涉测量结果与水准观测数据具有很好的一致性,沉降区域主要发生在武进区,最大沉降量超过-40mm,主城区出现了轻微的回弹现象,回弹达到+5mm;地下水水位持续上升与地面沉降减缓、地面回弹趋势一致,地下水水位变化仍然是常州市地表形变的主要影响因素。     

多模式雷达在矿区沉降监测中的应用研究

合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(DInSAR)技术在地表形变监测方面已得到广泛应用。介绍了将差分InSAR技术运用于矿区地表沉降监测,获得了河北峰峰煤矿地表Envisat/ASAR和ALOS/PALSAR的雷达形变干涉相位图,并对Envisat C波段和ALOS L波段的形变干涉相位图进行了相干特性和相位特性的分析。通过综合考虑C波段和L波段的优势与不足,将两者联合使用,实验表明利用多模式雷达数据对矿区地表沉降进行检测的可行性。同时,通过对雷达干涉相位图的分析,能够及时提供正在进行地下开采活动的矿区地理位置。     

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的煤矿开采沉陷监测与分析

地下煤炭资源大量开采导致的地表形变,引发严重的安全和环境隐患,雷达干涉测量技术是高精度、大范围地表形变监测的重要手段之一。以辽宁省沈阳市沈北新区蒲河煤矿为例,采用SBAS-InSAR技术探测2018—2019年矿区地表形变结果,获取了采煤引起地表形变的时空分布特征,结合采场所在区域的地质条件和变形诱发因素,利用数值模拟技术对观测形变结果进行模拟分析,进而讨论了蒲河煤矿地面沉降在时间和空间上的变形规律和机制。InSAR形变监测结果显示,开采区域内存在两处沉降漏斗,且数值模拟结果与InSAR形变观测值分布规律一致,反演结果接近实际情况,可为相关部门制定地面沉降防治措施提供科学依据。     

新型多基线DInSAR地表形变监测技术研究动态

合成孔径雷达干涉测量（InSAR）是一项广泛采用的雷达遥感测量技术,可以获取大区域、长时间、毫米级的地表形变监测,是SAR图像应用研究的热点。从InSAR技术监测地表形变时面临的问题出发,分析了近年来多基线DInSAR方法的新进展,论述了相干目标算法\,分布目标算法及SAR层析成像技术等在监测地表运动时的原理及技术应用,详细讨论了DInSAR地表形变监测由二维参数研究发展至三维、四维空间,由城区发展至广阔非城区地表监测的发展趋势。     

基于Sentinel-1A数据反演九寨沟地震地表形变场

针对四川省九寨沟2017年8月8日发生的7.0级地震引起的地表形变,使用欧空局2014年发射的Sentinel-1A卫星C波段雷达影像数据,采用两轨雷达差分干涉技术(D-InSAR)处理得到了研究区范围内同震形变场。干涉结果显示,此次地震造成了明显的地表形变,景区内最大抬升达到了12.6cm,最大沉降达9.8cm。研究结果表明:Sentinel-1A卫星的C波段雷达数据非常适用于对植被覆盖葱郁、地形复杂的区域进行D-InSAR形变监测。D-InSAR技术获取的地表形变信息可用于分析讨论地震受灾范围和地震机理。进一步明确了D-InSAR技术在大范围地表形变探测和地学研究范畴的重要地位。     

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的西宁地表形变监测

地表形变引发的地质灾害给自然环境和社会带来了巨大威胁,小基线集合成孔径雷达干涉测量（SBAS-InSAR）技术以其监测精度高、监测范围大和非接触等优势,成为地表形变监测的重要手段,为预防地质灾害发生、降低灾害损失,实现地表形变有效监测具有重要意义。利用SBAS-InSAR技术对青海省西宁市2018年1月7日至11月27日27景Sentinel-1A数据进行处理,得到西宁市地表平均形变速率分布图。与同期8个西宁南山GPS地面观测点比较,除一个点误差较大外,其余7个点均方根误差都在3 mm以内,证明了SBAS-InSAR监测结果的可靠性。SBAS-InSAR监测结果表明：山体滑坡是西宁市地表形变的主要形式,特别是沿互助北山和G6京藏高速公路一带滑坡运动尤为明显。实验首次获取了西宁市火车站东北滑坡灾害点定量形变数据,为分析该灾害点状况、保障西宁火车站安全运行提供有价值的参考。     

Satellite Radar Interferometry and its Application to Detection of Volcanic Deformation

本文介绍了利用合成孔径雷达干涉成像计算地表高程和高程变化的基本原理,陈述了影响相关干涉的因素。以阿拉斯加的一座火山为例,详细描述了干涉合成孔径雷达技术在监测火山形变上的应用。     

卫星雷达干涉测量及其在火山形变监测中的应用

本介绍了利用合成孔径雷达干涉成像计算地表高程和高程变化的基本原理，陈述了相关干涉的因素，以拉拉斯加的一座火山为例，详细描述了干涉合成孔径雷达技术在监测火山形变上的应用。     

基于D-InSAR技术的矿区地表形变监测研究

本文利用时序Envisat单视复数据(SLC),分别采用"2轨法"和"3轨法"雷达差分干涉测量,对河北邯郸峰峰煤矿地区地表沉降检测试验,检测矿区内地表沉降发生的位置及范围,结合实验分析了差分干涉测量技术在地表形变监测中存在的问题及其应用前景.     

利用Sentinel-1A合成孔径雷达干涉时间序列监测陇东地区地面沉降变形

基于覆盖陇东地区同一轨道的97景Sentinel-1A卫星影像,在ISCE和StaMPS数据处理平台上利用PS-InSAR技术进行叠加数据处理,获得研究区自2014年10月至2019年5月的年平均地表LOS向形变场,并对形变场结果进行二维网格滤波处理,获取沉降中心的变化特征。研究结果表明：陇东地区主要存在两类形变,一类是由构造活动引起的地表形变,主要分布在海原断裂与六盘山东麓断裂转换区附近,跨海原断裂年平均形变约为1 mm/a,而六盘山东麓断裂附近断层无明显变形,鄂尔多斯块体内部变形微弱;另一类则是由人类工业活动,如煤矿开采、地下水开采活动等导致的地表沉降,主要影响区域为华亭矿区和宁正矿区,均呈现漏斗状沉降形态,年均最大沉降分别约为8 mm/a和30 mm/a。     

Efficient mitigation of atmospheric phase effects in repeat-pass InSAR measurements

The problem of atmospheric phase effects is currently one of the most important limiting factors for widespread application of repeat-pass interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements. Due to the extraordinary complexity of the atmospheric inhomogeneity and turbulence, it is generally difficult to obtain satisfactory mitigation of the atmospheric phase effects in repeat-pass InSAR measurements. In recent years, several methods have been developed for mitigating the atmospheric phase effects. An effective approach is interferogram stacking, which is based on stacking independent interferograms. However, as many as 2n images are required to generate n interferograms and the atmospheric delay errors of the stacked interferogram decrease only with the square root of the number of interferograms in the conventional interferogram stacking method, which is not very efficient. In order to efficiently mitigate the atmospheric phase effects on the stacked interferogram in repeat-pass InSAR measurements, we propose a relay-interferogram stacking method. Compared with the conventional method, this method not only can efficiently mitigate atmospheric phase effects on the stacked interferogram, but also greatly decreases the number of required synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. The key element is that the first and the last SAR images are selected from the periods of similar meteorological conditions. In addition, we present an application of the approach to the study of ground subsidence in the area around Beijing, China.     

A robust regression-based linear model adjustment method for SAR interferogram stacking techniques

Differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (DInSAR) is recognized as an effective remote-sensing technique for a variety of ground deformation mapping applications. Centimetre-level measurement accuracy can be achieved with the DInSAR technique. However, two key limitations – temporal decorrelation and phase delay due to atmospheric inhomogeneities – might decrease the accuracy of deformation measurements. To overcome such problems, interferogram stacking techniques, which extend the DInSAR technique, have been developed in recent years. In most implementations of such techniques, a so-called ‘linear model adjustment’ step is required to obtain the relative linear deformation rate and digital elevation model error from the double-differenced phase observations along the stack. In this step, since a non-linear system has to be resolved, the traditional least squares method cannot be directly applied. In order to overcome this problem, several methods have been developed in recent years. In this article, a new method has been developed to deal with the problem of linear model adjustment. This method repeatedly uses robust regression to resolve the non-linear system and is much easier to implement compared with other methods. This method is applied to both simulated and real data, and the results demonstrate that it can be efficiently used for linear model adjustment.     

An iterative Goldstein SAR interferogram filter

This article presents a new modified Goldstein synthetic aperture radar (SAR) interferogram filter algorithm, named the iterative Goldstein filter. The main idea of this approach is to iteratively filter the SAR interferogram, by determining the filtering parameter alpha adaptively with respect to the pseudo-correlation value of the original and/or last filtered interferograms several times. The filter can be stopped automatically by pre-setting the threshold of mean value and the improvement of pseudo-correlation in given filter windows. Experimental results with both a simulated digital elevation model (DEM) interferogram and real SAR deformation interferogram show an improvement in the new algorithm results compared with those using the Goldstein filter, and its enhanced version, the Baran filter. In addition, from a pseudo-correlation map of the iteratively filtered interferogram, some valuable information can also be abstracted based on the signal residues.     

SAR interferometry in post-seismic ground deformation detection related to the 2001 Bhuj earthquake,India

The 2001 Bhuj earthquake, which occurred due to rupturing of a hidden reverse fault, caused large-scale ground deformation. The ground deformations in the Bhuj earthquake-affected region have been analysed using two interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data sets. The data sets belong to the years 2003–2004 and 2004–2005, covering an area east of Bhuj falling on near-flat terrain north of Kutch Mainland Fault (KMF). Two interferograms have been generated successfully displaying the interference fringes in the study area, enabling us to draw interesting observational inferences. The 2003–2004 interferogram image exhibits upliftment of about 8 cm (surface motion towards the satellite) around Kunjisar village and also upliftment of 25 and 5 cm in the other two areas north of Kunjisar, whereas the interferogram image belonging to the year 2004–2005 reveals subsidence of about 17 cm (surface motion away from the satellite) in Kunjisar area along with subsidence of about 28 and 5 cm in the two areas north and northwest of Kunjisar, respectively. Hence, between the years 2003 and 2005, two different episodes of upliftment and subsidence have been observed in the study area. The ground upliftment during 2003–2004 probably indicates that the last phase of ground deformation in the earthquake-affected region has been followed by the onset of subsidence during 2004–2005 as the rock volume involved in stress–strain processes began to experience a relaxation phase.     

剪切电子散斑干涉检测轮胎中的图像处理

本文介绍了一种适用于剪切电子散斑干涉检测轮胎缺陷的计算机图像处理方法，主要介绍了快速均值滤波法在去处散斑图像噪声中的应用。将此法运用于轮胎缺陷散斑干涉图的后续处理上，取得了较好的效果，具有较高的运行效率。研究表明，该技术在利用剪切电子散斑检测轮胎缺陷中具有一定的实际应用价值。     

Detecting land uplift associated with enhanced oil recovery using InSAR in the Karamay oil field,Xinjiang, China

Subsurface fluid injection is a well-established technology that is often used for enhanced oil recovery from oil fields. The injection process can often cause deformation due to changes in pore pressure, which can be measured using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). In this study, the Karamay oil field in Xinjiang served as an example and an attempt was made to detect subsurface fluid injection-induced ground surface deformation. First, possible deformation was assessed across the entire Karamay oil field during 2006–2010 by stacking multiple interferometric pairs. Then, the spatiotemporal evolution of deformation around well Hei103 was studied using the small baseline subset (SBAS) algorithm. The results suggest that localized deformation at the Karamay oil field was related to oil production. Additionally, subsurface fluid injection caused obvious surface uplift around the Hei103 well region.     

Interferogram phase evaluation through a differential equation technique

A technique for the evaluation of the unknown phase of a spatial carrier interferogram is proposed in this paper. This technique is based on the formulation of a differential equation for the unknown phase. The coefficients of this equation are known functions. They are formulated with the aid of a modified Fourier transform method and Hilbert transform where they are functions of the measured interferogram. This equation is made discrete and solved through the application of a pseudospectral method. An illustrative example is given in which this technique is applied. Results generated from the application of this technique are compared with exact phase values, and exemplary agreement between the exact and approximate phase values is demonstrated.     

Laminated composite structures by continuum-based shell elements with transverse deformation

In this paper a first-order shear/fourth-order transverse deformation theory of laminated composite shells is presented. A nonlinear continuum-based (degenerated 3D) finite element model with a strain/stress enhancement technique is developed in such a way that the nonzero surface traction boundary conditions and the interlaminar shear stress continuity conditions are all satisfied identically. Analytical integration through the shell thickness is performed. The resultants of the stress integrations are expressed in terms of the laminate stacking sequence. Consequently, the shell laminate characteristics in the normal direction can be evaluated precisely and the computational cost of the overall analysis is reduced. The numerical results are compared with analytical solutions and other finite element solutions to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theory and the computational procedure developed herein.     

基于加权联合导向矢量模型的InSAR干涉相位估计

基于干涉图的传统干涉相位估计方法,当由于图像配准误差而导致的干涉图质量较差时,就难以恢复出准确的真实干涉相位.本文提出了一种基于加权联合导向矢量模型的InSAR干涉相位估计方法.该方法构造最优联合观测矢量和加权联合导向矢量,同时利用相邻像素的相干信息,并采用波束形成技术,因此具有自适应图像配准和降低相位噪声的功能,因而可以在SAR图像配准精度很差(可以允许达到一个分辨单元)的条件下准确地估计相应像素间的干涉相位.仿真及实测数据的处理结果证明了此方法的有效性.     

Response of hybrid laminated composite plates under low-velocity impact

The response of hybrid laminated composite plates subjected to low velocity impact was investigated using shear deformation theory. As a result, the fractional energy loss of two hybrid composite plates with the same component ratio has different values according to the stacking sequence. A Graphite-Kevlar-Graphite plate has low energy loss and a Kevlar-Graphite-Kevlar plate much higher energy loss. Contact forces between the impactor and plates, center deflections of the plates and velocity changes of the impactor to time have different values according to the material properties of the impacted surface. Various composite plates with the same material in the impacted surface behaved with a similar response.