小波网络耦合模型在地下水位动态预测中的应用

针对河套灌区地下水位预测问题,结合小波变换的时频局部特性和神经网络的逼近功能,构建了两种不同耦合方式下小波和BP神经网络相结合的小波网络模型,比较了不同耦合方式下小波网络模型与单纯神经网络模型的预测效果。两种耦合方式下的小波网络模型模拟结果均比单纯使用人工神经网络模型更接近实测值,对低频信号序列及高频信号序列分别进行神经网络模型预测后再进行重构的预测方式比直接将小波分解的多级信号与神经网络结合的预测方式具有更好的预测效果。     

基于小波分析的BP网络预测模型及其在年径流预测中的应用

鉴于小波变换序列中尺度系数系列和小波系数系列变化特征存在较大差异,提出了一种新的小波分析与BP网络结合方式,即建立两个BP网络分别对两类系数系列进行预测,再对各小波变换系数的预测值进行小波重构,获得原序列的预测值。将该模型应用于二滩电站入库年径流量预测,结果表明该模型预测精度高,可为水电站提供可靠的入库年径流预测结果。     

风电场风速预测模型研究

介绍了两种风电场风速预测模型,分别是BP神经网络模型和小波-BP神经网络组合模型。BP神经网络模型是风速预测中常用的模型之一,小波技术和BP神经网络结合,即为组合模型。小波技术将风速时间序列按时间和频率两个方向展开,体现了各成分对预测值贡献率的不同。将BP神经网络模型和小波-BP神经网络组合模型分别应用到我国朱日和风电场的逐时风速预测中,从预测结果对比得出组合模型更适合该风电场的逐时风速预测。     

基于小波分析与神经网络的光伏电站功率预测方法

针对光伏电站输出功率时间序列表征出来的周期性非平稳特性,提出一种基于多尺度小波分解和神经网络相结合的光伏功率预测方法。将光伏电站输出功率时间序列在不同尺度上进行小波分解,得到逼近信号和多层细节信号。利用神经网络逼近非线性函数的能力,选择理论计算太阳辐照强度和气象环境逼近信号作为逼近信号神经网络模型的输入,选择气象环境细节信号作为细节信号神经网络模型的输入。输出结果叠加合成得到原始光伏电站输出功率序列预测值。算例分析表明,该文提出的将光伏电站输出功率时间序列分解为周期性逼近信号和准平稳细节信号,并分别采用神经网络建立预测模型的方法保证算法的收敛性和预测精度。     

基于神经网络和小波分析的超短期风速预测

文章将神经网络和小波分析理论相结合,提出了一种基于神经网络和小波分析的超短期风速预测方法。利用神经网络的非线性学习能力和小波理论的多分辨分析能力实现对风电场的风速预测,为风功率预测提供理论依据。首先,通过搭建神经网络物理模型,用以预测风机轮毂处的风速信号;其次,将该风速信号进行小波多分辨分解,滤除高频分量,得到较为平稳的对风速预测起决定性作用的低频分量;最后,对基于神经网络和小波分析的组合预测方法进行了仿真,并与NWP风速模型和实测风速进行了对比。结果表明,提出的基于神经网络和小波分析组合预测方法更贴近实测风速,对超短期风速预测起到了良好的效果。     

地下河日流量预测模型

将门限自回归模型(TAR)和小波-BP神经网络组合模型应用于后寨河流域出口流量的预测中,建立了阶数分别为5、4、1三段的自回归模型.采用db3小波对地下河日流量序列进行分解作为BP神经网络的输入,建立小波-BP神经网络组合模型.从绝对误差和相对误差角度对比分析两种模型,得出小波-BP神经网络组合模型更适合本地下河日流量预测.针对两模型的不足提出了改进的建议.     

基于小波分析和灰色BP神经网络的滑坡位移预测

滑坡位移时间序列预测对滑坡灾害预警和防治具有重要意义。滑坡位移时间序列具有高度的非线性特征,含有大量噪音且采用常规非线性模型难以准确预测。对此,提出基于小波分析(WA)—灰色BP神经网络的滑坡位移预测模型。该模型先采用小波分析法将滑坡位移时间序列分解为不同频率分量的滑坡子位移,然后采用灰色BP神经网络对各滑坡子位移进行预测,在此基础上将预测得到的各子位移值相加,最终得到预测出的滑坡位移值。以GPS监测获得的郑家大沟滑坡#1监测点的位移时间序列为例,采用WA-灰色BP神经网络模型对其位移进行预测,并与WA-BP神经网络模型及未进行小波分析的单独灰色BP神经网络模型进行对比分析。结果表明,WA-灰色BP神经网络模型准确预测出郑家大沟滑坡#1监测点的位移值,且具有比WA-BP神经网络模型和单独灰色BP神经网络模型更高的预测精度。     

基于小波变换与Elman神经网络的短期风速组合预测

风速的准确预测对风电场发电系统的经济和安全运行有着重要的作用。为了克服风速随机性强的缺点,提高短期风速预测的精度,提出了一种将小波变换与Elman神经网络相结合的短期风速组合预测模型。该模型由小波预处理模块和神经网络预测模块组成。首先利用小波预处理模块将风速序列作多尺度分解,重构得到不同频段的子序列,然后利用Elman神经网络模块分别对其训练和预测。实际风速预测结果表明,与单一的Elman和ARMA法相比,该组合预测模型的预测精度有较大的改善,可以用于风电场短期风速的预测。     

基于小波包分解和Kohonen神经网络的气液两相流流型识别方法

针对传统流型识别方法主观性强和BP神经网络训练受病态样本影响较大的缺点,根据小波包变换能将信号按任意时频分辨率分解到不同频段的特性,提出一种新的气液两相流流型识别方法。该方法首先利用小波包分解对流型的动态压差波动信号进行分析、提取特征,然后将小波包能量特征与Kohonen神经网络结合进行流型识别。对水平管内空气一水两相流4种典型流型的识别结果表明：该方法能有效克服传统识别方法具有的主观性和BP网络的缺陷,具有很好的识别效果,从而为流型的在线识别提供一种新的有效的技术选择。     

混合小波包与纵横交叉算法的风电预测神经网络模型

针对常规Elman神经网络容易陷入局部最优、泛化能力不足等缺点,提出一种混合小波包变换和纵横交叉算法(CSO)优化神经网络的短期风电预测新方法。该混合方法首先利用小波包变换将风电功率时间序列分解成多个不同频率的子序列,然后采用CSO优化后的神经网络(CSO-ENN)对各分量进行提前24 h预测,最后叠加各子序列的预测值,得出实际预测结果。在实例分析中,利用某风电场实际运行数据进行仿真验证。结果表明:新模型的预测精度明显优于其他混合方法和风电场提供的日前预测结果。     

Wind speed forecasting based on the hybrid ensemble empirical mode decomposition and GA-BP neural network method

Wind speed is the major factor that affects the wind generation, and in turn the forecasting accuracy of wind speed is the key to wind power prediction. In this paper, a wind speed forecasting method based on improved empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and GA-BP neural network is proposed. EMD has been applied extensively for analyzing nonlinear stochastic signals. Ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) is an improved method of EMD, which can effectively handle the mode-mixing problem and decompose the original data into more stationary signals with different frequencies. Each signal is taken as an input data to the GA-BP neural network model. The final forecasted wind speed data is obtained by aggregating the predicted data of individual signals. Cases study of a wind farm in Inner Mongolia, China, shows that the proposed hybrid method is much more accurate than the traditional GA-BP forecasting approach and GA-BP with EMD and wavelet neural network method. By the sensitivity analysis of parameters, it can be seen that appropriate settings on parameters can improve the forecasting result. The simulation with MATLAB shows that the proposed method can improve the forecasting accuracy and computational efficiency, which make it suitable for on-line ultra-short term (10 min) and short term (1 h) wind speed forecasting.     

基于离散小波变换与时间序列的钱塘江潮位预测

针对钱塘江潮位呈现出的周期性、随机性和波动性,为实现对钱塘江潮位的有效预测,提出一种基于离散小波变换和时间序列的预测方法,即先利用离散小波变换将实测的钱塘江潮位序列进行分解与重构,将非平稳的序列转化为多层较平稳的序列;然后利用时间序列建模方法对分解后的各个序列分别建立时间序列模型,对各层进行动态预测;最后将各层预测值求和作为最终的预测结果。试验表明,所提方法预测的效果明显优于其他混合模型及单一模型,能够提供更加准确的潮位预测。     

丹江口水库径流预测方法与趋势分析

针对径流量时间序列非线性、非平稳性的特点,基于丹江口水库1933~2001年的入库水量资料,采用紧致型小波神经网络预测水文序列,将小波基与输入向量的内积进行加权计算和反复训练,发挥小波变换良好的时频局域化性质及神经网络的自学习功能,再通过1961~2001年降水量和入库水量的对比,分析了降水和径流的变化过程。结果表明,径流量有减少的趋势。     

Study of forecasting solar irradiance using neural networks with preprocessing sample data by wavelet analysis

Artificial neural network is a powerful tool in the forecast of solar irradiance. In order to gain higher forecasting accuracy, artificial neural network and wavelet analysis have been combined to develop a new method of the forecast of solar irradiance. In this paper, the data sequence of solar irradiance as samples is mapped into several time-frequency domains using wavelet transformation, and a recurrent back-propagation (BP) network is established for each domain. The solar irradiance forecasted equals the algebraic sum of the components, which were predicted correspondingly by the established networks, of all the time-frequency domains. A discount coefficient method is adopted in updating the weights and biases of the networks so that the late forecasts play more important roles. On the basis of the principle of combination of artificial neural networks and wavelet analysis, a model is completed for fore-casting solar irradiance. Based on the historical day-by-day records of solar irradiance in Shanghai an example of forecasting total irradiance is presented. The results of the example indicate that the method makes the forecasts much more accurate than the forecasts using the artificial neural networks without combination with wavelet analysis.     

Forecast of solar irradiance using recurrent neural networks combined with wavelet analysis

In this paper, artificial neural network is combined with wavelet analysis for the forecast of solar irradiance. This method is characteristic of the preprocessing of sample data using wavelet transformation for the forecast, i.e., the data sequence of solar irradiance as the sample is first mapped into several time-frequency domains, and then a recurrent BP network is established for each domain. The forecasted solar irradiance is exactly the algebraic sum of all the forecasted components obtained by the respective networks, which correspond respectively the time-frequency domains. Discount coefficients are applied to take account of different effect of different time-step on the accuracy of the ultimate forecast when updating the weights and biases of the networks in network training. On the basis of combination of recurrent BP networks and wavelet analysis, a model is developed for more accurate forecasts of solar irradiance. An example of the forecast of day-by-day solar irradiance is presented in the paper, the historical day-by-day records of solar irradiance in Shanghai constituting the data sample. The results of the example show that the accuracy of the method is more satisfactory than that of the methods reported before.     

Energy management of an FC/UC hybrid vehicular power system using a combined neural network-wavelet transform based strategy

An energy management strategy (EMS) is one of the most important issues for the efficiency and performance of a hybrid vehicular system. This paper deals with a neural network and wavelet transform based EMS proposed for a fuel cell/ultra-capacitor hybrid vehicular system. The proposed method combines the capability of wavelet transform to treat transient signals with the ability of auto-associative neural network supervisory mode control. The main originality of the paper is related with the application of neural network instead of another intelligent control method, fuzzy logic, which is presented in the recent publication of the authors, and the combination of neural network-wavelet transform approaches. Then, the effectiveness comparison of both methods considering one of the most important points in a vehicular system, fuel consumption (or hydrogen consumption), is realized. The mathematical and electrical models of the hybrid vehicular system are developed in detail and simulated using MATLAB^®, Simulink^® and SimPowerSystems^® environments.     

ARIMA-BP组合分析模型在某心墙堆石坝沉降量预测中的应用

针对大坝变形监测中存在的大量小样本时间序列所具有的强非线性特性,引入组合建模的思想,综合应用ARIMA时间序列模型和BP神经网络模型实现了小样本大坝变形监测数据序列的分析,即先利用ARIMA时间序列模型对大坝变形监测数据进行拟合和预测,然后依据时间序列残差建立BP神经网络模型对残差进行预测,最后将两者结合以获得大坝变形的预测。实例分析表明,ARIMA-BP组合模型较单一模型的预测精度高,预测值更接近实测值。