活性炭基脱硫剂吸附脱除汽油中含硫化合物的研究

以活性炭为载体,采用等体积浸渍负载非贵金属制备了汽油吸附脱硫剂,利用固定床动态吸附法对脱硫剂的吸附性能进行了评价。分别考察了脱硫剂制备条件及固定床动态实验条件对活性炭基脱硫剂吸附脱硫性能的影响。结果表明,活性金属含量为3．0％,焙烧温度为350℃,焙烧时间为1．0～2．0h,吸附温度为120℃,吸附空速为3．0h^-1时,脱硫剂的脱硫率最高,可达55．60％。活性炭载体经硝酸处理后,负载活性组分脱硫剂的脱硫性能得到了较大改善,该脱硫剂更有利于FCC汽油中苯并噻吩类化合物的脱除。     

改性凹凸棒用于FCC汽油的吸附脱硫

采用改性凹凸棒黏土为载体,混合法制备了TiO2-凹凸棒黏土复合型脱硫剂(TiO2-GATB),用于FCC汽油吸附脱硫,考察了脱硫剂活性组分种类、活性组分含量、活化温度、活化时间,脱硫剂用量、脱硫温度、脱硫时间对脱硫率的影响;并利用红外光谱(FT-IR)、光电子能谱(XPS)等手段进行表征和分析。结果表明,采用600℃活化4h制备的负载5%(质量分数)TiO2的凹凸棒黏土脱硫剂(5%TiO2-GATB),在脱硫温度40℃、脱硫时间1h的条件下,40 mL FCC汽油加5 g脱硫剂的脱硫效果最佳;经二次脱硫,FCC汽油中的硫质量分数由1100 μg/g降至141 μg/g,脱硫率达87.18 %。在该复合材料中,TiO2 颗粒间不发生团聚,与凹凸棒黏土结合牢固。     

改性褐煤半焦用于柴油选择性吸附脱硫研究

 以经济廉价的煤制气副产褐煤半焦活化后作为载体，采用等体积浸渍法制备了金属氧化物半焦脱硫剂，用于柴油吸附脱硫。考察了半焦载体不同活化方法和不同金属氧化物含量对半焦脱硫剂脱硫性能的影响，以及吸附温度和空速等脱硫工艺条件对脱硫效果的影响。结果表明，经过不同方法活化后的半焦制备的脱硫剂的脱硫能力明显优于未经处理的半焦制备的脱硫剂脱硫剂、负载金属氧化物后脱硫能力也有所提高，CuO负载量1%效果最佳，ZnO负载量0.5%为最佳；从60～120℃，随着温度的升高，脱硫剂的脱硫能力逐渐增强，超过120℃后，脱硫剂的脱硫能力下降；脱硫剂的脱硫性能随着空速的增加逐渐下降。     

FCC汽油静态吸附脱硫的研究

采用浸渍法制备了用于 FCC 汽油深度脱硫的吸附剂。分别用双氧水、高锰酸钾、浓硝酸和浓硫酸对活性炭进行改性,以改性后的活性炭为吸附剂,对南充炼油厂 FCC 汽油进行吸附脱硫实验研究。在所考察的吸附剂中,250 8℃下浓硫酸改性的活性炭吸附脱硫效果最好。在吸附温度120℃、吸附时间2 h、剂油比值0.1的最佳条件下,该吸附剂对 FCC 汽油的静态吸附脱硫率可达79.51%。     

吸附脱除催化裂化柴油中硫化物

以硝酸活化后的活性炭负载CuO为脱硫剂,在固定床反应器中,对催化裂化柴油进行吸附脱硫.采用正交设计法,考察了硝酸质量分数、活化温度、焙烧温度、CuO负载量(CuO占活性炭的质量,下同)、床层温度等因素对脱硫性能的影响.结果表明,各因素对脱硫性能影响依下列顺序递减:硝酸质量分数,焙烧温度,活化温度,CuO负载量,床层温度.硝酸活化的最佳工艺条件为:硝酸质量分数65%,焙烧温度450℃,活化温度80℃,CuO负载量3%,床层温度120℃.在最佳工艺条件下,脱硫剂经热循环再生3次,采用未再生和再生脱硫剂后,试样脱硫率均随脱硫时间及再生次数增加而降低,但下降速度较为缓慢,且二者脱硫后产品收率和油品总收率分别大于84%,92%.     

活性炭基吸附剂脱除FCC柴油中硫的研究

用等体积浸渍法制备了过渡金属活性炭基脱硫剂，采用动态吸附法对脱硫剂的脱硫性能进行评价。结果表明，负载过渡金属的活性炭基吸附剂对FCC柴油中的硫有较好的脱除效果。当活性组分负载量为4．0％、脱硫温度为80℃、空速为2．0h^-1油剂比为1．0时，脱硫剂的脱硫率可达46．89％；活性炭经硝酸预处理后负载活性组分，其脱硫性能明显提高，脱硫率最高可达59．73%；活性炭基吸附剂主要脱除了柴油中加氢脱硫难以脱除的二苯并噻吩及其衍生物。     

采用凹凸棒脱硫剂脱除 RFCC 汽油中的硫化物

以改性凹凸棒黏土为载体、过渡金属 Fe 系和 Ag 系化合物为活性组分,浸渍法制备了 RFCC 汽油脱硫剂,采用正交实验考察了制备脱硫剂和对 RFCC 汽油吸附脱硫的最佳工艺条件,并采用气相色谱-原子发射光谱 (GC-AED)联用技术分析脱硫前后 RFCC 汽油中硫化合物的组成。结果表明,以3%硝酸酸化凹凸棒黏土为载体,浸渍11%Fe 系化合物和1%Ag 系化合物, 在400℃下焙烧1.5 h,可制备得到凹凸棒黏土脱硫剂,在常温、常压的条件下,对 RFCC 汽油吸附脱硫,可使 RFCC 汽油中硫的质量分数由804 μg/g 降至154μg/g,脱硫率达到80.85%,其中硫醇和硫醚的脱除率达到100%,噻吩脱除率达到36.45%。     

扩孔氧化铝载体的制备及工艺优化

分别采用传统工艺和改进工艺,以高分子材料为扩孔剂和分散剂,对氢氧化铝粉进行扩孔改性制备了氧化铝载体。以此为基础,得到了催化裂化(FCC)汽油加氢脱硫催化剂,并在反应温度为250℃,反应压力为1.6 MPa,体积空速为3.0 h~(-1),氢气/原料油(质量比)为300/1的条件下,对催化剂的反应性能进行了评价。结果表明:采用传统工艺,在扩孔剂C-1(食品级)加入质量分数为30%,焙烧温度为650℃,焙烧时间为4 h的条件下,可制备平均孔径、吸水率和强度依次为6.54 nm,104.3%,118 N/cm的扩孔氧化铝载体;由其制备的催化剂与未加扩孔剂氧化铝载体制备的相比,FCC汽油的脱硫率提高了0.7个百分点,选择性因子提高了2.57个单位。采用改进工艺,当扩孔剂C-1(食品级)和分散剂丁二烯-马来酸酐共聚物加入质量分数分别为30%,1.5%时,可制备孔结构较好的扩孔改性氧化铝载体。     

凹凸棒黏土脱硫剂脱除3-甲基噻吩的实验研究

选用经分散剂六偏磷酸钠提纯、硝酸处理的凹凸棒黏土为载体,采用浸渍法负载Fe系和Ag系化合物,制备凹凸棒黏土脱硫剂,用于含3-甲基噻吩的模拟汽油的脱硫。通过正交实验进行脱硫剂制备条件的优化。结果表明,在Fe系化合物质量分数5%、Ag系化合物质量分数0.5%、400℃焙烧4.5 h的条件下制备的凹凸棒黏土脱硫剂,在常温常压条件下,使模拟汽油硫质量分数从500 μg/g降至约191 μg/g,脱硫率达到61.8%。     

活性炭基脱硫剂吸附脱除天然气中H_2S的研究

以活性炭为载体,采用浸渍法制备了以CuO为活性组分的活性炭基的天然气脱硫剂CuO/AC,考察了脱硫剂的制备条件对脱硫效果的影响,并对脱硫剂性能进行了评价。研究结果表明,适宜的脱硫剂制备条件为,当活性组分含量5.0%,焙烧温度350℃,焙烧时间1.0h～2.0h时,脱硫效果最好,穿透硫容可达20.80%。在气体空速为600h-1～800h-1,温度20℃,压力常压条件下,本研究的吸附剂的脱硫性能好于国外的RGM。     

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.