A5微孔分子筛负载V2O5催化氧化对硝基甲苯

将A₅微孔分子筛浸渍于偏钒酸铵溶液,过滤,120 ℃干燥2 h,550 ℃焙烧6 h,制备了含有V₂O₅的A5微孔分子筛催化剂。采用X射线衍射、N₂吸附-脱附和扫描电镜等进行表征,并将其用于以H₂O₂为氧化剂、乙酸酐为溶剂的对硝基甲苯催化氧化生成对硝基苯甲醇的反应。在反应温度40 ℃和反应时间4 h条件下,以质量分数35%的H₂O₂为氧化剂和V₂O₅质量分数8.5%的V₂O₅/A₅为催化剂,能够获得较好的对硝基甲苯转化率（35.54%）和较高的对硝基苯甲醇选择性(67.16%)。反应结束后,在母液中通过电感耦合等离子体原子光谱仪没有检测到V₂O₅。V₂O₅/A₅催化剂连续使用3次,对硝基甲苯转化率为34.21%,对硝基苯甲醇选择性为63.39%,催化剂活性无明显降低。     

V2O5-MoO3/TiO2 催化剂的NOx选择性催化还原及SO2氧化活性

采用浸渍法以TiO₂为载体制备V₂O₅-MoO₃/TiO₂ 选择性催化还原催化剂,研究V₂O₅和MoO₃负载量对于催化剂选择性催化还原反应及SO₂氧化活性的影响,并考察氧含量、氨氮物质的量比和反应空速对3%V₂O₅-6%MoO₃/TiO₂催化剂选择性催化还原脱硝活性的影响。结果表明,随着催化剂中V₂O₅负载质量分数增加,V₂O₅-MoO₃/TiO₂ 催化剂的选择性催化还原活性和SO₂氧化活性均呈上升趋势。MoO₃的负载对催化剂的SO₂氧化活性有明显抑制作用。MoO₃负载质量分数超过9%,制备的催化剂既保持较高的低温选择性催化还原活性,又使选择性催化还原反应中的SO₂转化率小于1%。     

溶胶-凝胶原位合成宽活性温度V2O5/TiO2脱硝催化剂

利用溶胶-凝胶技术原位合成一系列不同V₂O₅担载量的V₂O₅/TiO₂催化剂,通过BET、XRD、NH₃-TPD及紫外-可见光等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明：制备的催化剂均具有介孔结构,V₂O₅在TiO₂表面高度分散,且存在3种典型的酸性位。通过选择性催化还原反应对V₂O₅/TiO₂催化剂进行活性评价,结果显示随着V₂O₅含量的增加,NO转化率大于75%的温度窗口向低温方向偏移,含10% （质量分数）V₂O₅的催化剂的NO转化率为80%的温度窗口最宽为200～450℃,240℃时20 h连续实验表现出稳定的抗硫抗水性能。结合紫外-可见光谱分析,揭示了钒掺杂所形成的单聚和低聚钒酸盐为催化剂的活性组分。     

不锈钢板负载V2O5-WO3-TiO2催化剂制备及其催化还原脱硝性能

以溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO₂粉末为载体,偏钒酸铵和水合钨酸铵溶液为浸渍液,采用分步浸渍法制备了V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂催化剂,以聚乙烯醇-硅溶胶为黏合剂,采用涂覆法将催化剂粘合于经硫酸和钛酸丁酯溶胶处理过的不锈钢板板材表面,获得不锈钢板负载的V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂催化剂。采用XRD、FT-IR和SEM等表征手段对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,V₂O₅-WO₃-TiO₂催化剂可均匀负载于不锈钢板表面。采用氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物法研究了催化剂的脱硝性能,结果表明,在空速8 000 L·（kg·h）^-1和反应温度360 ℃的条件下,NOx脱除率超过92%,且制备的催化剂具有良好的稳定性和耐硫性。     

制备条件对脱硝脱二噁英V2O5-CeO2/TiO2催化剂协同性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍的方法制备V₂O₅-CeO₂/TiO₂催化剂,考查了V₂O₅/CeO₂比、负载顺序、焙烧温度、反应空速对催化剂协同脱硝脱二噁英性能的影响。结果表明,所制备的催化剂活性组分在载体表面分散均匀。采用共同浸渍法制备,V₂O₅/CeO₂质量比为1∶3,焙烧温度为550℃的催化剂协同脱硝脱二氯苯性能最佳,在200℃反应温度下脱硝率为93%,二氯苯的脱除率达到90%。     

钒铌氧化物催化剂催化氧化乙二醛制乙醛酸

对钒铌氧化物催化氧化乙二醛制乙醛酸进行研究,考察V₂O₅、Nb₂O₅及其混合物和工艺条件如乙二醛浓度、催化剂加入量、反应温度及反应时间对反应的影响。结果表明,HNO₃+NaNO₂+Nb₂O₅体系中,在乙二醛质量分数20%、催化剂用量1 g、反应温度318 K和反应时间2 h条件下,乙二醛转化率为82%,乙醛酸选择性为79%。以SiO₂为载体,采用共沉淀法制备Nb₂O₅/SiO₂催化剂,采用N₂等温吸附-脱附和XRD对催化剂进行表征,考察Nb₂O₅负载量和催化剂用量对催化氧化乙二醛合成乙醛酸的影响,并对催化剂稳定性进行研究。结果表明,Nb2O5能提高硝酸催化氧化乙二醛体系中乙二醛转化率和乙醛酸选择性,Nb₂O₅/SiO₂比纯Nb₂O₅的催化效果更好。HNO₃+NaNO₂+Nb₂O₅/SiO₂体系中,在催化剂用量5 g、活性组分Nb₂O₅负载质量分数18%和反应时间2 h条件下,乙二醛转化率为85%,乙醛酸选择性为87%,Nb₂O₅/SiO₂的稳定性和重复使用效果均良好。     

Si-TiO2负载V2O5催化甲醇一步氧化法制二甲氧基甲烷的研究

通过溶剂热法制备不同Si掺杂量的Si-TiO₂载体,采用等体积浸渍法制得Si-TiO₂/-V₂O₅催化剂,利用XRD、H₂-TPR、NH₃-TPD、UV-Vis对催化剂的性质进行表征,研究了Si掺杂改性对催化剂钒氧物种分散性和氧化还原性、催化剂表面酸性以及反应性能的影响。结果表明,硅掺杂改性后改善了催化剂表面钒氧物种的分散性,提高了催化剂的氧化还原能力,使催化剂具有更加适宜的酸性,提升了甲醇氧化制二甲氧基甲烷（DMM）的反应性能。Si掺杂量为3%的3Si-TiO₂/V₂O₅催化剂表现出良好的反应性能,此时甲醇转化率为58.5%,DMM的选择性高达99.1%。     

疏水性MnCo2O4材料的制备及其高效催化偶氮苯合成的研究

氮氮键化合物广泛存在于天然产物、精细化学品和光功能材料的结构中，因此氮氮偶联是精细有机合成中重要的反应。本文利用溶剂热法制备了系列MnCo₂O₄催化剂。润湿性研究表明，调变Mn/Co显著改变MnCo₂O₄催化剂的亲疏水性。在温和的反应条件下，研究了MnCo₂O₄催化剂的催化性能。结果表明，疏水性MnCo₂O₄催化剂对苯胺氧化偶联制偶氮苯呈现优异的催化性能，且催化剂经多次循环使用后仍具有较高的催化活性。由此可见，疏水性MnCo₂O₄在偶氮苯合成领域具有良好的工业化应用前景。     

Co/γ-Al2O3催化乙酰丙酸加氢合成γ-戊内酯的研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备一系列Co负载量不同的Co/Al₂O₃催化剂,用于乙酰丙酸液相催化加氢制γ-戊内酯反应。采用X射线衍射仪和透射电镜对Co/Al₂O₃催化剂进行表征,考察Co负载量、反应温度、反应压力和催化剂用量等对乙酰丙酸液相催化加氢反应的影响。结果表明,在Co负载质量分数15%、反应温度140 ℃、反应压力4.0 MPa和催化剂用量为反应物总质量的20%条件下,以甲醇为溶剂,反应6 h,乙酰丙酸转化率100%,γ-戊内酯选择性80.4%。催化剂重复使用6次仍具有较好的催化性能。     

H3PW6Mo6O40/TiO2-SiO2催化合成丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以H₃PW₆Mo₆O₄₀/TiO₂-SiO₂为催化剂,以合成丁酮1,2-丙二醇为原料催化合成丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮。讨论丁酮、1,2-丙二醇物质的量比,催化剂用量,带水剂环己烷用量和反应时间对收率的影响。实验结果表明,H₃PW₆Mo₆O₄₀/TiO₂-SiO₂对丁酮1’2-丙二醇缩酮反应具有良好的催化效果。在n（丁酮）:n（1,2-丙二醇）=1:1.4,催化荆的用量占反应物料总质量的1.2%,环己烷用量为9mL,反应时问为60min的优化条件下,丁酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的产品收率可达84.3%。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997