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1.
This work presents the study of the catalytic activity of aluminum oxide supported Co-Schiff Base complex derived from 4,4′-Methylenebis(2,6-diethylaniline)-3,5-ditertbutylsalicylaldimine-Co-Schiff Base complex in sodium borohydride hydrolysis. This catalyst is characterized with XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, and BET. The respective reaction kinetics have been calculated. With the catalyst condition, maximum reaction (initial) rate is 106540 and 147193,3 mL H2/gcat..min. at 30 °C and 50 °C. For this reaction apparent activation energy is 44,7792 kJ.mol−1 with 20–50 °C. The reaction order value (n) for this catalytic system is 0,31. Additionally when Al2O3 supported Co-Schiff Base complex compared with pure Co-Schiff Base complex, the experimental results show that the aluminum oxide support exhibits enhancing effect with 106540 and 64147 mL H2/gcat. min respectively in sodium borohydride hydrolysis to Hydrogen production.  相似文献   

2.
This paper reports the experimental results on using TiO2 based Cu(II)-Schiff Base complex catalyst for hydrolysis of NaBH4. In the presence of Cu-Schiff Base complex which we reported in advance [1] and with titanium dioxide supports a novel catalyst named TiO2 supported 4-4′-Methylenbis (2,6-diethyl)aniline-3,5-di-tert-buthylsalisylaldimine-Cu complex is prepared, successfully. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface Area Analysis (BET) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The as prepared catalyst was employed to generate hydrogen through hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4. Effects of different parameters (e.g. amount of Cu-Schiff Base complex in all catalyst, percentage of NaBH4, percentage of NaOH, amount of TiO2 supported Cu-Schiff Base complex catalyst and different temperatures) are also investigated. A high apparent activation energy (Ea), 25,196 kJ.mol-1 is calculated for hydrolysis of NaBH4 at 20–50 °C. Hydrogen generation rate was 14,020 mL H2/gcat.min and 22,071 mL H2/gcat.min in order of 30 °C and 50 °C.  相似文献   

3.
Herein, the CoB catalyst supported on the sepiolite clay treated with phosphoric acid was utilized to produce hydrogen from the NaBH4 hydrolysis. In order to analyse the performance of the phosphoric acid treated sepiolite clay supported-CoB catalyst, the NaBH4 concentration effect, phosphoric acid concentration effect, phosphoric acid impregnation time effect, CoB catalyst percentage effect, and temperature effect were studied. In addition, XRD, XPS, SEM, TEM, BET, and FTIR analysis were performed for characterization of Co–B catalyst supported on the acid-treated sepiolite. The completion time of this hydrolysis reaction with Co–B (20%) catalyst supported on the sepiolite treated by 5 M phosphoric acid was approximately 80 min, whereas the completion time of this hydrolysis reaction with acid-free sepiolite-supported Co–B (20%) catalyst was approximately 260 min. There is a five-fold increase in the maximum production rate. The maximum hydrogen production rates of this hydrolysis reaction at 30 and 60 °C were found as 1486 and 5025 ml min−1g−1catalyst, respectively. Activation energy was found as 21.4 kJ/mol. This result indicates that the acid treatment on sepiolite is quite successful. The re-usability of NaBH4 hydrolysis reaction by CoB catalyst supported on sepiolite treated phosphoric acid for successive five cycles of NaBH4 at 30 °C was investigated.  相似文献   

4.
The present study focused on the increasing of hydrogen evolution through hydrolysis of potassium borohydride in the presence of Ruthenium complex catalyst. It is the first time to use the Ru-Imine complex catalyst in KBH4 hydrolysis reaction to hydrogen evolution. The new Ru complex was synthesized from the tetradentate Imine ligand namely 4,4′-methylenebis (2,6-diethyl)aniline-3,5-di-tert-butylsalisylaldimine and Ru salt under the inert atmosphere. Ru-Imine complex was fully characterized by Elemental Analysis, Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, X-Ray Diffraction Analysis, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface Area Analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy. By the synthesized Ru-Imine complex catalyst, the potassium borohydride hydrolysis reaction resulted in a lower energy barrier with 20,826 kJ/mol activation energy (Ea) for nth order kinetic model and 18,045 kJ/mol for Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetic model. According to the results Ru-complex was highly active and stable catalyst in KBH4 hydrolysis reaction to hydrogen evolution with 45,466 mL H2/gcat.min and 76,815 mL H2/gcat.min hydrogen generation rates at 30 °C and 50 °C respectively. Moreover Ru-Imine complex catalyst displayed 100% stability even at fifth recycle.  相似文献   

5.
Influence of using as catalysis, Ni-Schiff Base complex which we previously synthesized [1] used to support with amberzyme oxirane resin (A.O.R.) polymer for increasing the catalytic activity in NaBH4 hydrolysis reaction, to hydrogen generation was studied. The prepared catalyst was characterized by using SEM, XRD, BET, FT-IR analyze technique. Polymer supported Ni-Schiff Base complex catalyzed NaBH4 hydrolysis reaction was investigated depending on concentration of NaBH4, concentration of NaOH, temperature, percentage of Ni complex in total polymer supported Ni-Schiff Base complex and amount of catalyst factors. The maximum hydrogen production rate from hydrolysis of sodium borohydride with nickel-based complex catalyst compared to the pure nickel catalyst is increased from 772 mL H2·g?1 cat.·min?1 to 2240 mL H2 g?1 cat.·min?1 [1], and with supported amberzyme oxirane resin polymer this nickel based complex catalyst was increased to 13000 mL H2·g?1 cat.·min?1 at 30 °C. The activation energy of complex catalyzed NaBH4 hydrolysis reaction was found as 25.377 kJ/mol. This work also includes kinetic information for the hydrolysis of NaBH4.  相似文献   

6.
Cerium oxide supported 5-Amino-2,4-dichlorophenol-3,5-ditertbutylsalisylaldimine-Nickel complex for the first time was used to produce H2 from hydrolysis of sodium borohydride. Cerium oxide supported Nickel complex catalyzed hydrolysis system was studied depend on temperature, concentration of sodium hydroxide, amount of Cerium oxide supported Ni complex catalyst, concentration of Ni complex and concentration of sodium borohydride. Cerium oxide supported Ni(II) complex display highly effective catalytic activity in sodium borohydride hydrolysis reaction. The obtained Cerium oxide supported Ni(II) complex catalyst was characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope, Transmission Electron Microscope, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface Area Analysis, X-Ray Diffraction Analysis techniques. The catalyst stability was tested, even the fifth recycle the catalytic activity was maintained at 100%. Additionally the proposed Cerium oxide supported-Ni (II) complex catalyzed sodium borohydride hydrolysis mechanism was determined carefully. The experimental results showed that Cerium oxide supported Ni (II) complex catalyst accelerate sodium borohydride hydrolysis with 43,392 and 19,630 mL H2 gcat?1 min?1 hydrogen production rates at 50 °C and 30 °C respectively and 20,587 kJ mol?1 activation energy.  相似文献   

7.
Hydrogen production via chemical processes has gained great attention in recent years. In this study, Co-based complex catalyst obtained by adsorption of Co metal to Amberlite IRC-748 resin and Diaion CR11 were tested for hydrogen production from alkaline NaBH4 via hydrolysis process. Their catalytic activity and microstructure were investigated. Process parameters affecting the catalytic activity, such as NaOH concentration, Co percentage and catalyst amount, as well as NaBH4 concentration and temperature were investigated. Furthermore, characteristics of these catalysts were carried out via SEM, XRD and FT-IR analysis. Hydrogen production rates equal to 211 and 221 ml min−1 gcat−1 could be obtained with Amberlite IRC-748 resin and Diaion CR11 Co based complex catalysts, respectively. The activation energies of the catalytic hydrolysis reaction of NaBH4 were calculated as 46.9 and 59.42 kJ mol−1 for Amberlite IRC-748 resin and Diaion CR11 based catalysts respectively kJ mol−1 from the system consisting of 3% Co, 10 wt% NaBH4 and 7 wt% NaOH as well as 50 mg catalyst dosage. It can be concluded that Co-based resins as catalysts for hydrogen production is an effective alternative to other catalysts having higher rate.  相似文献   

8.
In present paper, the preparation and catalytic activity of Eupergit C polymer (EC) modified Co complex was reported. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface Area Analysis (BET), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterization of catalyst. EC modified-Co complex was the first time examined as a catalyst in NaBH4 hydrolysis to H2 evolution. The kinetic calculations were determined by using two different kinetic methods. The low activation energy barriers were achieved as 21.673 kJ mol?1 for nth order model and as 21.061kJmol?1 for Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model at low temperatures. EC modified-Co complex catalyst exhibited high performance with H2 evolution rates of 3914 mL H2gcat?1min?1 and 9183 mLH2gcat?1min?1 at 30 °C–50 °C. Additionally, Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism was explained for EC modified Co complex catalyzed sodium borohydride hydrolysis reaction. The reusability experiments showed that EC modified-Co complex catalyst maintained excellent stability with 100% conversion and without significant lost after the 6th run.  相似文献   

9.
Herein, we report an efficient, environmentally friendly and stable catalyst development to hydrogen evolution from sodium borohydride hydrolysis. For this purpose, Ruthenium complex catalyst successfully fabricated via 5-Amino-2,4-dichlorophenol-3,5-ditertbutylsalisylaldimine ligand and RuCl3·H2O salt. Ru complex catalyst was identified with X-Ray Diffraction Analysis, Infrared Spectroscopy, Elemental Analysis, Transmission electron microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller Surface Area Analysis. According to the analysis results, it was confirmed that Ru complex catalyst was successfully synthesized. Ru complex was used as a catalyst in NaBH4 hydrolysis. The kinetic performance of Ru complex catalyst was evaluated at various reaction temperatures, various sodium borohydride concentration, catalyst concentration and sodium hydroxide concentration in hydrogen evolution. The apparent activation energy for the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride was determined as 25.8 kJ mol?1. With fully conversion, the promised well durability of Ru complex was achieved by the five consecutive cycles for hydrogen evolution in sodium borohydride hydrolysis The hydrogen evolution rates were 299,220 and 160,832 mL H2 gcat?1 min?1 in order of at 50 °C and 30 °C. Furthermore, the proposed mechanism of Ru complex catalyzed sodium borohydride hydrolysis was defined step by step. This study provides different insight into the rational design and utilization and catalytic effects of ruthenium complex in hydrogen evolution performance.  相似文献   

10.
The development of efficient and non-noble catalyst is of great significance to hydrogen generation techniques. Three surface-oxidized cobalt borides of Co–B–O@CoxB (x = 0.5, 1 and 2) have been synthesized that can functionalize as active catalysts in both alkaline water electrolysis and the hydrolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solution. It is discovered that oxidation layer and low boron content favor the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity of Co–B–O@CoxB in alkaline water electrolysis. And surface-oxidized cobalt boride with low boron content is more active toward hydrolysis of NaBH4 solution. An alkaline electrolyzer fabricated using the optimized electrodes of Co–B–O@CoB2/Ni as cathode and Co–B–O@Co2B/Ni as anode can deliver current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 1.54 V for overall water splitting with satisfactory stability. Meanwhile, Co–B–O@Co2B affords the highest hydrogen generation rate of 3.85 L min−1 g−1 for hydrolysis of NaBH4 at 25 °C.  相似文献   

11.
NaBH4 and KBH4 hydrolysis reactions (BH4 + 4H2O → B(OH)4 + 4H2), which can be utilized as a source of high purity hydrogen and be easily controlled catalytically, are exothermic processes. Precise determination of the evolved heat is of outmost importance for the design of the reactor for hydrogen generation. In this work we present an efficient calorimetric method for the direct measurement of the heats evolved during the catalyzed hydrolysis reaction. A modified Setaram Titrys microcalorimeter was used to determine the heat of hydrolysis in a system where water is added to pure solid NaBH4 or KBH4 as well as to solid NaBH4 or KBH4 mixed with a Co-based solid catalyst. The measured heats of NaBH4 hydrolysis reaction were: −236 kJ mol−1, −243 kJ mol−1, −235 kJ mol−1, and −236 kJ mol−1, without catalyst and in the presence of Co nanoparticles, CoO and Co3O4, respectively. In the case of the KBH4 hydrolysis reaction, the measured heats were: −220 kJ mol−1, −219 kJ mol−1, −230 kJ mol−1, and −228 kJ mol−1, without catalyst and with Co nanoparticles, CoO and Co3O4, respectively. Also, a comparison was made with an aqueous solution of CoCl2·6H2O used as catalyst in which case the measured heats were −222 kJ mol−1 and −196 kJ mol−1 for NaBH4 and KBH4 hydrolysis, respectively. The influence of solid NaOH or KOH additions on the heat of borohydride hydrolysis has been investigated as well.  相似文献   

12.
Pretreatment of the empty fruit brunch (EFB) from oil palm was investigated for H2 fermentation. The EFB was hydrolyzed at various temperatures, H2SO4 concentrations, and reaction times. Subsequently, the acid-hydrolysate underwent enzymatic saccharification under various temperature, pH, and enzymatic loading conditions. Response surface methodology derived the optimum sugar concentration (SC), hydrogen production rate (HPR), and hydrogen yield (HY) as 28.30 g L−1, 2601.24 mL H2 L−1d−1, and 275.75 mL H2 g−1 total sugar (TS), respectively, at 120 °C, 60 min of reaction, and 6 vol% H2SO4, with the combined severity factor of 1.75. Enzymatic hydrolysis enhanced the SC, HY, and HPR to 34.52 g L−1, 283.91 mL H2 g−1 TS, and 3266.86 mL H2 L−1d−1, respectively, at 45 °C, pH 5.0, and 1.17 mg enzyme mL−1. Dilute acid hydrolysis would be a viable pretreatment for biohydrogen production from EFB. Subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis can be performed if enhanced HPR is required.  相似文献   

13.
Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] cryogel beads were prepared under cryogenic conditions via free radical polymerization and used as a catalyst in the production hydrogen (H2) from NaBH4 by alcoholysis. The efficiency of the catalyst was investigated in the range of 0–40 °C by both methanolysis and ethylene glycolysis reactions, and its reuse was tested. Accordingly, it was observed that the methanolysis reaction was faster than the ethylene glycolysis reaction. When the hydrogen generation rate (HGR) values between 0 and 40 °C were compared, it was concluded that the methanolysis reaction rate increased from 1550 to 4800 mL.min−1g−1 and the ethylene glycolysis reaction rate increased from 923 to 3551 mL.min−1g−1. In the alcoholysis reaction catalyzed by PDMA cryogel beads, the activation energy was calculated as 19.34 and 22.77 kJ.mol−1 for the methanolysis and ethylene glycolysis reactions, respectively. After six repetitions, the catalyst activity was calculated over 50% for NaBH4 methanolysis and ethylene glycolysis.  相似文献   

14.
In recent years, catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride is considered to be a promising approach for hydrogen generation towards fuel cell devices, and highly efficient and noble-metal-free catalysts have attracted increasing attention. In our present work, Co3O4 nanocubes are synthesized by solvothermal method, and then vapor-phase phosphorization treatment is carried out for the preparation of novel Co−O−P composite nanocatalysts composed of multiple active centers including Co, CoO, and Co2P. For catalyst characterization, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectric spectroscopy (XPS) are conducted. Optimal conditions for catalyst preparation and application were investigated in detail. At room temperature (25 °C), maximum hydrogen generation rate (HGR) is measured to be 4.85 L min−1 g−1 using a 4 wt% NaBH4 − 8 wt% NaOH solution, which is much higher than that of conventional catalysts with single component reported in literature. It is found that HGR remarkably increases with the increasing of reaction temperature, and apparent activation energy for catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH4 is calculated to be 63 kJ mol−1. After reusing for five times, the Co−O−P composite nanocatalysts still retains 78% of the initial activity.  相似文献   

15.
A Co/HTNT catalyst is developed by immobilizing Co on the surface of titanate nanotubes. The microstructure and composition of the catalyst are investigated with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The developed Co/HTNT catalyst shows great performance in catalyzing NaBH4 hydrolysis. The hydrolysis of 25 mg NaBH4 catalyzed by 50 mg Co/HTNT in 10 g NaOH solution (12.5 wt%) provides a hydrogen production rate of 1.04 L min?1 gCo?1 at 30 °C, and the activation energy of the reaction is 29.68 kJ mol?1. The high catalytic activity and economical property make this catalyst a promising choice for on-site hydrogen production from NaBH4 hydrolysis.  相似文献   

16.
Cu-Schiff base complex which we previously synthesized (Kilinc et al., 2012) is supported on Al2O3. The prepared catalyst is characterized by using SEM, XRD, BET, and FT-IR methods. And Al2O3-supported complex is used as a catalyst in NaBH4 hydrolysis reaction for hydrogen generation. NaBH4 hydrolysis reactions are investigated depending on the concentration of NaBH4 and NaOH, temperature, percentage of Cu complex, and amount of catalyst. Maximum reaction rates are 44,453.33 and 57,410.00 mL H2/g.cat.min at 30°C and 50°C, respectively. The activation energy of NaBH4 hydrolysis reaction is found as 225,775 kJ.mol?1. All the experimental results and literature comparisons show that Al2O3-supported Cu-Schiff base complex is a very effective catalyst in NaBH4 hydrolysis for H2 generation.  相似文献   

17.
Dimethyl ether (DME) partial oxidation (PO) was studied over 1 wt% Rh/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 catalyst at temperatures 300–700 °C, O2:C molar ratio of 0.25 and GHSV 10000 h−1. The catalyst was active and stable under reaction conditions. Complete conversion of DME was reached at 500 °C, but equilibrium product distribution was observed only at T ≥ 650 °C. High concentration of CH4 and low contents of CO and H2 were observed at 500–625 °C 75 cm3 of composite catalyst 0.24 wt% Rh/Ce0.75Zr0.25O2/Al2O3/FeCrAl showed excellent catalytic performance in DME PO at O2:C molar ratio of 0.29 and inlet temperature 840 °C which corresponded to carbon-free region. 100% DME conversion was reached at GHSV of 45,000 h−1. The produced syngas contained (vol. %): 33.4 H2, 34.8 N2, 22.7 CO, 3.6 CO2 and 1.6 CH4. Composite catalyst demonstrated the specific syngas productivity (based on CO and H2) in DME PO of 42.8 m3·Lcat−1·h−1 (STP) and the syngas productivity of more than 3 m3·h−1 (STP) that was sufficient for 3 kWe SOFC feeding. PO of natural gas and liquified petroleum gas can be carried out over the same catalyst with similar productivity, realizing the concept of multifuel hydrogen generation. The syngas composition obtained via DME PO was shown to be sufficient for YSZ-based SOFC feeding.  相似文献   

18.
NiAgPd nanoparticles are successfully synthesized by in-situ reduction of Ni, Ag and Pd salts on the surface of carbon. Their catalytic activity was examined in ammonia borane (NH3BH3) hydrolysis to generate hydrogen gas. This nanomaterial exhibits a higher catalytic activity than those of monometallic and bimetallic counterparts and a stoichiometric amount of hydrogen was produced at a high generation rate. Hydrogen production rates were investigated in different concentrations of NH3BH3 solutions, including in the borates saturated solution, showing little influence of the concentrations on the reaction rates. The hydrogen production rate can reach 3.6–3.8 mol H2 molcat−1 min−1 at room temperature (21 °C). The activation energy and TOF value are 38.36 kJ/mol and 93.8 mol H2 molcat−1 min−1, respectively, comparable to those of Pt based catalysts. This nanomaterial catalyst also exhibits excellent chemical stability, and no significant morphology change was observed from TEM after the reaction. Using this catalyst for continuously hydrogen generation, the hydrogen production rate can be kept after generating 6.2 L hydrogen with over 10,000 turnovers and a TOF value of 90.3 mol H2 molcat−1 min−1.  相似文献   

19.
This study presents 4,4′-methylenebis(2,6-diethyl)aniline-3,5-ditertbutylsalisilaldimine-Zn complex synthesis and its using as a catalyst in sodium borohydride hydrolysis to H2 generation. Surface morphology and structural properties of Zn-complex were investigated with XRD, FTIR, SEM, and BET analysis. The effects of different substrate concentration, effects of solution temperature, and effects of catalyst amount were studied for the hydrogen generation rate. Additionally kinetic parameters were studied. The activation energy was 22.978 kJ/mol and H2 generation rates were calculated as 952.5 mmol H2/gcat.min and 614.4 mmol H2/gcat.min at 50 °C and 30 °C respectively for sodium borohydride hydrolysis reaction.  相似文献   

20.
Spirulina platensis is defined as the dried biomass of cyanobacteria in commercial use and is biomass with high carbon content. Spirulina platensis microalgae strain supported-CoB catalysts to produce hydrogen from sodium borohydride (NaBH4) were prepared for the first time. The Spirulina platensis microalgae strain was modified with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) to proton. Then, the supported catalyst was performed to produce hydrogen from NaBH4 hydrolysis. The optimum H3PO4 concentration, optimum Co amount, and optimum impregnation time of the H3PO4 with the microalgae strain were investigated. The maximum hydrogen production rate for the 30% CoB catalyst supported on microalgae strain treated with H3PO4 was found to be 3940 mL min−1g−1catalyst. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were performed for characterization of CoB catalyst supported on Spirulina microalgae strain. After four consecutive uses, the performance and conversion values of this catalyst were investigated. At the same time, the effect of temperature on the hydrogen production from this hydrolysis reaction was examined. The activation energy with the CoB catalyst supported on Spirulina microalgae strain was calculated as 35.25 kJ mol−1. According to the kinetic model of a power law, n value was found as 0.25 for kinetic studies.  相似文献   

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