响应面优化微波-压热法制备马蹄抗性淀粉的工艺研究

为探究微波-压热法制备马蹄抗性淀粉的最优工艺条件,该文以马蹄淀粉为原料,分别考察淀粉乳浓度、老化时间、微波时间、老化温度4个单因素对马蹄抗性淀粉得率的影响。选取淀粉乳浓度、老化时间、微波时间进行响应面工艺优化,并测定抗性淀粉与原淀粉的理化性质和结构特征。结果表明：马蹄抗性淀粉的最佳制备工艺为淀粉乳浓度23%、微波时间74 s、121℃下压热40 min,4℃下老化12 h。在该条件下,抗性淀粉得率为16.85%,模型预测值为16.89%,其相对误差＜0.5%,验证响应面模型与实际情况得到了良好拟合,说明通过响应面方法得到的优化工艺非常可靠。理化性质测定发现马蹄抗性淀粉的溶解度、膨润度、冻融性显著高于原淀粉,而其持水性却低于原淀粉。     

柠檬酸甘薯淀粉酯制备工艺优化及性质研究

以甘薯淀粉为原料,优化制备高取代度柠檬酸淀粉酯的条件并对其性质进行研究。以柠檬酸淀粉酯取代度为指标,对影响取代度的因素进行研究,通过响应面优化制备工艺。得到最优工艺条件为pH1.5、反应温度148.21℃、反应时间6.45h、柠檬酸与淀粉干基质量比为0.59,在此条件下可制得取代度高达0.30的柠檬酸甘薯淀粉酯;柠檬酸甘薯淀粉酯具有很好的抗酶解性,抗性淀粉含量随取代度的增加而增加,当取代度达0.13时,抗性淀粉含量达92%;对比原淀粉,柠檬酸甘薯淀粉酯平均聚合度降低,白度先增高后降低。     

豌豆抗性淀粉制备工艺优化及理化性质研究

采用压热-普鲁兰酶酶解豌豆淀粉制备豌豆抗性淀粉,并测定豌豆抗性淀粉理化性质。以3,5-二硝基水杨酸测得抗性淀粉产率为参考指标,在单因素试验基础上进行响应面试验优化豌豆抗性淀粉制备工艺,并测定最佳条件下豌豆抗性淀粉的理化性质。结果表明,最佳制备工艺条件为：酶解pH 5.4、酶添加量17.3 U/mL、酶解温度53 ℃、老化时间23 h。在此优化条件下,豌豆抗性淀粉产率为27.51%。理化性质分析结果表明,与豌豆淀粉相比,豌豆抗性淀粉贮藏稳定性（透光率：1.48%～2.31%）、溶解度（0.064～0.524）均有所增大,冻融稳定性（析水率：0.549～0.679）、膨润度、平均聚合度（吸光度峰：波长612.0 nm～583.5 nm）均有所降低。     

响应面法优化微波辅助酶解制备木薯抗性淀粉的工艺研究

本研究采取微波糊化辅助,普鲁兰酶酶解方法制备木薯抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)。以木薯RS得率为衡量指标,开展单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面试验。验证优化试验结果证实:当木薯淀粉乳浓度值为14.5%,脱支时间为2.0 h,普鲁兰酶添加量为125.5 U/g时,可获得最大木薯RS得率值(38.31%),实测值与回归方程理论值相对偏差<1%。试验表明,采用Box-Behnken响应面法获得的优化加工工艺精确性高。根据红外谱图官能基团变化,证明制备木薯RS过程中发生了化学变化。木薯淀粉和木薯RS理化指标测定结果显示:木薯RS与木薯淀粉相比,其持水性增强,膨胀度降低,溶解度升高,直链淀粉含量增大,而冻融稳定性方面,木薯淀粉反而比木薯RS好。     

玉米植酸改性淀粉的工艺研究

为了研究植酸改性淀粉的最佳制备工艺条件,以植酸钠为改性剂,对玉米淀粉进行酯化改性。通过单因素试验,以取代度为指标,探讨p H值、反应时间、反应温度、植酸钠的用量和淀粉乳浓度等因素对植酸淀粉酯取代度大小的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,筛选出对植酸淀粉酯取代度影响显著的3个因素,并利用响应面分析法对这些因素进行优化。试验结果表明,植酸淀粉酯的最佳制备工艺条件为:植酸钠用量为2.1%,p H值7.2,淀粉乳质量分数为31.7%,50℃下反应5 h,此条件下改性淀粉的取代度为0.005 8。对植酸淀粉酯进行理化性质检验,其冻融稳定性、透明度、黏度、溶解度及膨润力相较原淀粉均有明显的提高。     

压热辅助酶解法制备马蹄抗性淀粉的工艺优化及理化特性研究

为探究压热辅助酶解法制备马蹄抗性淀粉的最优工艺及特性，以马蹄淀粉为原料，设计淀粉乳浓度、酶添加量、酶处理时间3个单因素，并以制备后样品中的抗性淀粉得率为响应值对工艺条件进行优化，同时对样品进行扫描电镜(Scanning electron microscope,SEM)观察并测定直链淀粉和支链淀粉含量等理化特性。结果表明，淀粉乳浓度25.56%、酶添加量15.87 ASPU/g(干基)、酶处理时间35.75 h为最优的制备工艺，在此工艺下得到的抗性淀粉得率最高为16.32%，与预测值16.1093%相近，证明响应面模型与实际情况拟合良好。理化特性研究发现：抗性淀粉中的直链淀粉含量为31.78%，显著高于原淀粉，是原淀粉的242.9%；碘吸收特性曲线发现，原淀粉的最大吸收峰在600～650 nm之间，抗性淀粉的最大吸收峰在550～600 nm之间，抗性淀粉的λmax相对原淀粉出现了左移，表明抗性淀粉中直链淀粉与支链淀粉比例发生了改变；红外光谱分析发现，抗性淀粉的R1047/1022值和R1022/995值均高于原淀粉，表明抗性淀粉具有更高的结晶度。研究结果可为压热辅助酶解制备马蹄抗性淀粉的...     

响应面法优化板栗抗性淀粉制备工艺

为了提高板栗抗性淀粉含量,并获得抗性淀粉制备方法的最适工艺参数,本研究优化了压热—普鲁兰酶法制备板栗抗性淀粉的工艺,在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法研究淀粉悬浮液质量分数、普鲁兰酶添加量、酶解时间和冷凝时间对抗性淀粉得率的影响,建立各因素与抗性淀粉得率关系的数学回归模型。最终根据实际工艺操作确定最佳的制备工艺条件为淀粉悬浮液质量分数11.00%,酶添加量9 PUN/g、酶解时间10 h、冷凝时间15 h。在该制备条件下,测得抗性淀粉得率为64.90%,基本符合理论预测值(65.70%)。试验证明,响应面法能够提高板栗抗性淀粉的制备率。     

交联法制备玉米抗性淀粉的工艺优化及理化性质分析

以玉米淀粉为原料,采用交联法制备抗性淀粉,通过单因素实验和中心组合法优化了玉米抗性淀粉制备工艺参数,并对制备出来的交联淀粉与酯化淀粉和原淀粉进行透明度、溶解度、膨胀度和冻融稳定性等性质的比较。结果表明,交联法得到最优改性反应条件如下:反应时间是3.5 h、交联剂浓度是11.5%、底物浓度是0.71 g/mL、反应温度是60 ℃。试验模型与实际拟合度良好, 制得的抗性淀粉含量为60.76%,通过红外光谱证实了交联反应的发生,交联后抗性淀粉溶解度升高,膨润度和冻融稳定性下降,并在扫描电镜观察下淀粉颗粒的形状和大小与原淀粉没有显著差异,为玉米抗性淀粉的工业化生产提供了参考。     

银杏柠檬酸淀粉酯的制备及加工特性研究

银杏种仁的主要营养成分是淀粉。以银杏淀粉为原料,柠檬酸为酯化剂制备银杏柠檬酸淀粉酯,考察柠檬酸添加量、pH、反应温度、反应时间对柠檬酸淀粉酯取代度(DS)的影响,通过正交试验确定了银杏柠檬酸淀粉酯的最佳制备工艺,并分析比较了银杏淀粉和银杏柠檬酸淀粉酯的透明度、膨胀率、溶解度、持水率等加工特性。结果表明:柠檬酸添加量和pH对DS的影响显著(p0.05),反应温度对DS的影响不显著(p0.05)。银杏柠檬酸淀粉酯的最佳制备工艺为:柠檬酸添加量8 mL,pH 2.0,反应温度132℃,反应时间6.0 h。在此条件下制备得到的银杏柠檬酸淀粉酯平均取代度DS为0.355。银杏柠檬酸淀粉酯的透光率、溶解度、持水率和膨胀率分别比银杏淀粉提高了51.35%、35.66%、120.37%、16.10%。这些加工特性的提高,适应了食品工业的要求,提高了淀粉的加工性能。     

微波法制备硬脂酸木薯淀粉酯

目的建立微波辅助技术制备硬脂酸木薯淀粉酯,并对其理化性质进行表征。方法以木薯淀粉为原料,以硬脂酸为酯化剂,以盐酸为催化剂,通过均匀设计实验并经SPSS 10.0软件优化微波法制备硬脂酸木薯淀粉酯的最佳工艺参数。结果硬脂酸木薯淀粉酯的最佳工艺条件如下:淀粉50 g(干基),微波功率450 W,微波辐射时间1.5 min,盐酸加入量6.0 mL,硬脂酸0.5 g,得到的产品取代度为0.01685。结论本研究建立了一种无污染、反应快、能耗低的硬脂酸木薯淀粉酯制备方法,得到的产品取代度较高,溶解度、乳化性和乳化稳定性均优于原淀粉。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press