机油中Cu元素来源探究

本文针对柴油机油中Cu元素超标现象,进行研究性试验,分析机油中Cu元素的主要来源。试验结果表明:焊料中的Cu能够与机油发生置换作用,使机油中的Cu含量升高。显微形貌显示这种作用产生的Cu并不同于含Cu摩擦副的磨损,且对机油理化指标影响不大。结合路试试验结果发现前两个换油期内,Cu元素的增长速率变缓,随着焊料表面的钝化作用,Cu元素的增长趋势会趋于正常。     

纳米Cu夹层ZnO透明导电膜

用射频磁控溅射ZnO陶瓷靶、直流磁控溅射Cu靶的方法在不同基底温度下制备了Cu纳米夹层结构ZnO透明导电膜。用X射线衍射仪、紫外-可见分光光度计、四探针电阻测量仪和原子力显微镜等测试手段对薄膜样品进行表征。室温制备的Cu夹层ZnO薄膜,随着Cu层厚度的增加,ZnO层结晶性变差,可见光区域光学透过率减小,透射曲线蓝移,电阻率先迅速下降后缓慢下降。基底温度对薄膜表面形貌和粗糙度影响显著,随着基底温度的增加,薄膜在可见光区域光学透过率增加,电阻率随基底温度增加而增加。     

Enhanced solar hydrogen generation using Cu–Cu2O integrated polypyrrole nanofibers as heterostructured catalysts

Nanostructured conducting polymeric materials are beneficial for electron conduction and mass transport, showing high photocatalytic performance under visible light. Herein, we report a colloidal synthesis of copper and copper oxides (Cu₂O) modified polypyrrole nanofibers (PPy) heterostructures, which demonstrates significantly high photocatalytic H₂ generation under visible light. The presence of Cu nanoparticles (NPs) of 50 nm and cubic shaped Cu₂O nanoparticles of size 200 nm endows the heterostructures with a large specific surface area as well as good dispersion of nanoparticles on PPy nanofibers allows the migration of electron during catalysis. Cu₂O/PPy exhibits excellent H₂ production (67 mmol h⁻¹) which is 12 times higher than pure PPy (5.7 mmol h⁻¹). The high catalytic activity of Cu₂O/PPy heterostructure provides a fervent alternative to noble metal-based catalysts for the hydrogen generation and water splitting.     

Cu—SMA新型温控阀性能研究

本文介绍了一种淡水冷却系统新型的温控阀门。它的核心部件是以铜基双向形状记忆合金制成的弹簧。集感温与驱动于一体。它的动作温度可由合金成份控制、制作工艺、弹簧几何尺寸以及辅助弹簧配置来满足设计要求。文中详细介绍了阀门的作用、原理、结构、性质、台架试验以及海上测试情况。运行实践证明，温控阀有极好温度敏感性，使舰艇启动暖机时间大大缩短，提高了快速反应能力。在不同负荷下均能有效控制水温在较高水平，使耗油量下降，润滑得以改善。由于以金属弹簧替代了易泄漏乙醚介质和易老化的波纹管结构，使阀的使用寿命加长，并且维修十分简便（只需要换弹簧）。它的研制成功，为舰队提高机动性，为船舶节能、降低工运营成本，提高经济性提供了一条有效的途径。     

AlSn20Cu1轴承合金的金相组织

一、前言 在我国,AlSn20Cu1轴承减摩合金自1963年开始研制,1970年鉴定并正式投产至今。这种轴承合金的双金属带材的生产已经具有一定的生产能力,并已普遍地应用于内燃机的主轴承与连杆轴承中。AlSn20Cu1轴承合金的多年生产和使用实践表明,它有许多成功之处,但也存在着一些问题。其中有些问题是由于对这种轴承材料的性能与技术资料掌握不够充分,因而,在生产与技术改进、以及在应用中尚未能运用自如。例如,这一材料的金相组织资料十分缺乏就是一个较为突出的问题。近年来,戚墅堰机车车辆工艺研究所等单位在这方面进行了较为系统的研究工作。     

AlSn6Cu轴瓦三元电镀工艺的研制

1 前言 AISn6Cu称为铝基低锡合金材料,以这种材料制作的滑动轴承具有较高的承载能力(44N/mm~2),良好的耐腐蚀性和抗穴蚀的能力。表面镀覆一层pb-Sn(8％～12％)-Cu(1％～3％)三元合金后,更具备较高的疲劳强度,较好的抗咬合性,顺应性及嵌藏性,因此它是一些高转速,中型柴油机的首选轴瓦配件之一,同时它含锅量仅为6％,大批量生产后可节约大量贵重的锡,降低了材料的成本,具有较大的发展前途。     

Cu/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂SCR催化性能

采用液态离子交换法制备了不同Cu含量的Cu/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂.对其理化特性和在NH3-选择性催化还原反应中催化性能的评价结果表明:Cu元素主要以Cu+离子的形式富集于分子筛的浅层及表面,且分散性较好.Cu质量分数低于6.39%时,NO低温转化率随Cu含量的增加而增加;而在Cu质量分数超过6.39%后,随Cu含量的增加,高温NO转化率开始衰减的温度降低.反应气流速在150,000,h-1以内时,反应气流速对Cu/ZSM-5催化剂的活性温度窗口影响不大.     

Cu2O半导体陶瓷釉的研究

叙述了半导体陶瓷在电点火系统半导体电嘴中的作用，以及半导体陶瓷釉的优点。通过对Ｃｕ２Ｏ半导体陶瓷釉的研究，探讨了它的配方组成，工艺方法及影响因素。经过性能测试和发动机台架试验、飞机试飞，认为是一种适合于半导体电嘴用的性能良好的半导体陶瓷釉。     

Comparative analysis of Cu/blood and Cu–CuO/blood nanofluids on a peristaltic flow governed by an asymmetric channel

Contraction and expansion play a crucial role in biomedical applications, such as heart pumping, ovum in the feminine fallopian vessel, blood fluid transport, and so forth. Inspired by these features, the present effort concentrates on the consequences of a thermal slip in the peristalsis of Cu/blood and Cu–CuO/blood nanofluids in asymmetric flow formation. Hence, the microrotation influence of blood flow is considered here. Heat transported through the channel due to perpendicular flow buoyancy effects is also studied. The special effects of thermal radiation, nanoparticle shape, and heat source/sink parameters on the flow are studied in the proposed model. The MATLAB BVP4c condition is utilized to achieve the numerical solutions of the transformed system of nonlinear coupled differential equations. The most important outcome of the present analysis is an enhancement in the evaluation study of the Cu/blood and Cu–CuO/blood nanofluids on the axial velocity, axial spin velocity, pressure gradient, and temperature distributions in the asymmetric channel. Also, another important outcome is observed that the Cu–CuO blood nanofluid strongly has dominated the Cu/blood nanofluid in axial spin velocity.     

椰壳活性炭担载Cu脱硫剂烟气脱硫试验研究

建立了固定床烟气脱硫反应器,采用椰壳活性炭（AC）担载Cu制备脱硫剂CuO/AC,研究了煅烧温度、Cu担载量、脱硫反应温度及烟气成分对脱硫剂脱硫性能的影响.结果表明：CuO/AC脱硫剂煅烧温度为250℃时较适宜;Cu担载量为5%~7.5%、脱硫反应温度为200~250℃、烟气中有适量的O2时,CuO/AC脱硫剂具有较好的脱硫能力;再生温度为300℃时得到的再生脱硫剂的脱硫效果最好,但脱硫能力与新的脱硫剂相比有所下降.     

硒化Cu,In双层膜制备CuInSe2薄膜

采用超声波电沉积方法在钼衬底上制备了Cu,In双层膜,随后硒化得到了CuInSe2薄膜.采用扫描电镜( SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了薄膜的表面形貌、化学成分和相组成.结果表明:利用超声波电沉积可以得到颗粒细小、均匀致密的Cu层和In层;采用不同的工艺参数可以调节双层膜的Cu/In比率;双层膜在130C下,退火6h后进行硒化,可得到符合化学计量比的CuInSe2薄膜.     

Multiphase reactor scale-up for Cu–Cl thermochemical hydrogen production

This paper examines selected design issues associated with reactor scale-up in the thermochemical copper–chlorine (Cu–Cl) cycle of hydrogen production. The thermochemical cycle decomposes water into oxygen and hydrogen, through intermediate copper and chlorine compounds. In this paper, emphasis is focused on the hydrogen, oxygen and hydrolysis reactors. A sedimentation cell for copper separation and HCl gas absorption tower are discussed for the thermochemical hydrogen reactor. A molten salt reactor is investigated for decomposition of an intermediate compound, copper oxychloride (CuO·Cl₂), into oxygen gas and molten cuprous chloride. Scale-up design issues are examined for handling three phases within the molten salt reactor, i.e., solid copper oxychloride particles, liquid (melting salt) and exiting gas (oxygen). Also, different variations of hydrolysis reactions are compared, including 5, 3 and 2-step Cu–Cl cycles that utilize reactive spray drying, instead of separate drying and hydrolysis processes. The spray drying involves evaporation of aqueous feed by mixing the spray and drying streams. Results are presented for the required capacities of feed materials for the multiphase reactors, steam and heat requirements, and other key design parameters for reactor scale-up to a pilot-scale capacity.     

Surface segregation of Pd–Cu alloy in various gas atmospheres

Pd–Cu alloys have been investigated as promising candidates for hydrogen separation membranes. Surface segregation influences the long-term performance of these membranes since their catalytic effect is mainly controlled by the surface composition. In the present research, surface segregation of Pd-40 at.% Cu alloy in vacuum and various gas atmospheres (H₂, CO and CO₂) was investigated with both XPS and LEISS probing different depths below the surface. Adsorption of H₂ and CO on the surface has a significant impact and the surface segregation trend can be reversed as compared to segregation in vacuum, however, CO₂ has almost no influence on the segregation behaviour. A thermodynamic model is also presented to explain these phenomena and to understand surface segregation behaviour of binary alloys in various gas atmospheres. The results can be considered as basic guidelines to design novel alloys for hydrogen separation membranes and predict their long-term performance under actual working conditions.     

糠醛加氢制糠醇负载型Cu系催化剂的研究进展

要糠醇是一种重要的精细化学品,广泛应用于合成纤维、橡胶和农药等行业。糠醛加氢是工业上制备糠醇的主要方法,主要采用Cu系催化剂。综述了糠醛液相加氢负载型Cu系催化剂和气相加氢负载型Cu系催化剂的研究进展。从技术而言,工业糠醛催化剂以Cu/Si O2为主,碱土金属氧化物对于提高催化剂的选择性有利,尚未找到在技术经济上比Si O2更合适的载体用于工业催化剂的制备。该系催化剂的优点是催化剂不含Cr,其选择性与含Cr催化剂相比还有一定差距,通过在反应中添加碱土金属氧化物,虽然选择性有所提高,但该类催化剂仍需通过添加微量助剂来提高催化剂的选择性。此外,工业催化剂的Cu含量较高,导致催化剂的成本较高,还需要通过提高Cu的分散性,进一步降低催化剂的Cu含量。糠醛中的微量杂质对催化剂的性能有一定影响。     

火焰合成Cu基催化剂在甲烷催化燃烧中的烧结行为

在高温催化燃烧中烧结对催化剂的活性影响巨大,而火焰合成的纳米催化剂的烧结行为鲜有研究.通过火焰喷雾热解合成了以TiO2、ZrO2、Si O2为载体的一系列Cu基负载型纳米催化剂,并将所合成的纳米颗粒用于低浓度CH4催化燃烧以评价其性能.对比反应前后催化剂的BET、XRD及TEM表征,研究了不同催化剂材料在高温催化过程中晶相转变与烧结之间的竞争关系,并发现了CuO-ZrO2的表面扩散主导以及Cu O-TiO2的晶界扩散主导的烧结机制.从催化燃烧测试分析发现,CuO-ZrO2在600℃对甲烷的催化转化率达到了90%,Cu O-TiO2由于其抗烧结性能较差在800℃才达到88%转化率,而Cu O-Si O2反应性最差,在600℃只有30%转化率.结果表明,ZrO2负载型Cu基纳米催化剂活性较高兼具抗烧结性能.     

Cr—Mo—Cu—Ni合金铸铁气缸套热处理工艺

0 前 言 Cr-Mo-Cu-Ni合金铸铁92系列气缸套是我厂外贸出口产品之一。产品要求有很高的耐磨性和足够的机械性能,需要进行整体淬火处理和端部退火处理。由于材质中所含合金元素较高,因此必须对这种材质的热处理工艺进行研究。     

Cu(Ⅱ)在缸套Cr元素分析中影响浅析

铬（Cr）是钢铁生产中应用广泛的元素之一。在钢铁中加入Cr，可提高钢的强度、硬度和耐磨性，使钢铁具有抗腐蚀性和抗氧化性。     

Schneider公司的测温模件用于Cu50铜热电阻温度测量

热敏电阻是水电厂温度测量中应用最为广泛的一种工业测量元件,而Schneider公司的测温模件不具备直接测量所有热敏电阻温度的功能.文中介绍了热敏电阻测量原理和软件校正测温方法,结合Cu50热敏电阻的工程实际情况,阐述了Schneider公司的测温模件测量其他热敏电阻工程实现方法及其工程应用情况.     

不同ZnO/Cu2O异质结电池的光伏性能

采用电化学沉积法,分别制备薄膜/薄膜型(薄膜型)和薄膜/纳米线型(复合型)Cu2O/ZnO异质结太阳电池,并通过光吸收谱和电流-电压谱测试两类太阳电池的性能。研究发现,与薄膜型异质结太阳电池相比,复合型电池具有更高的电池转换效率。通过对两种不同太阳电池的结构表明,增大PN结面积和改善异质结界面性质是提升该类异质结太阳电池性能的重要途径。