Experimental evaluation of water mist with metal chloride additives for suppressing CH4/air cup-burner flames

In order to investigate the fire suppression effectiveness of water mist with metal chloride additives, ultrafine water mists of these salts with diameters about 10μm were introduced into CH4 /air non-premixed flame in the cup burner. Results showed that these droplets hard to make itself to the flame front under the cup burner flow conditions functioned as a carrier of the vaporized solid particles or its decomposed materials. The metal chloride improved fire suppression efficacy of water mist which were affected by the type and concentration of metal chloride. On a mass basis, there is a fire suppression effectiveness relationship of MgCl2 相似文献   

Effects of nitrogen addition on vented hydrogen–air deflagration in a vertical duct

In this paper, experiments were performed to investigate the coupling effects of venting and nitrogen addition ratio (χ) on flame behavior and pressure evolution during hydrogen–air deflagration within and outside a 1-m-high vertical duct with a vent on its top. Experimental results reveal that χ has significant effects on the pressure–time histories in the duct. Helmholtz oscillations of the internal overpressure were observed in all tests, and acoustic type oscillations appears in the tests only for χ = 25% and 30%. For a certain χ, the maximum overpressure (Pmax) increased with the distance to the vent, i.e., the highest overall explosion overpressure was attained near the duct bottom; however, the difference in Pmax between various measuring points decreases with an increase in χ. In all tests, a pressure peak in the duct was observed shortly after external explosion. The maximum internal and external overpressure decreased as χ was increased.     

细水雾抑制熄灭固体火的机理

利用三维激光粒子动态分析仪对细水雾喷嘴的雾场特性进行了测量,选择两种典型固体可燃物作为燃料,研究细水雾抑制熄灭固体火的过程,重点考察细水雾扑灭固体火的灭火机理.实验结果表明,细水雾扑灭固体火主要依赖细水雾对燃料表面的冷却吸热.相同灭火条件下,表面碳化型固体比非碳化型固体可燃物更容易被细水雾扑灭,但是前者在明火熄灭后,表面及内部残余炭仍能够维持较长的氧化燃烧,因此需要用更多的冷却时间来阻止复燃.细水雾通量对固体灭火时间的影响满足边际效用递减规律,并存在一个最佳值,即可利用最小细水雾通量获得最大灭火效率.     

Combustion enhancement and inhibition of hydrogen-doped methane flame by HFC-227ea

Hydrogen enriched with compressed natural gas is an efficient and environment-friendly gaseous fuel. However, the safety issues of mixture and the method to control or weaken their combustion are highly concerned. To explore the inhibition effect of halogenated fire suppressants on the mixture, the effect of HFC-227ea on the laminar premixed methane/air flames, with different fractions of H₂, have been studied. Burning velocities have been measured with constant-volume combustion chamber and kinetically modelled a recently assembled kinetic mechanism. The fractions of H₂ influence the enhancement and inhibition effect of HFC-227ea, and it is less effective with the lean mixture. In stoichiometric condition, HFC-227ea showed good inhibition effect on the mixture flames. The HFC-227ea increased the burning velocities of CH₄-0% H₂-air and CH₄-10% H₂-air flames at leanest condition, whereas the increased burning velocity arising from HFC-227ea not occurred as the addition of H₂ above 20%. Experimental results coincided well with numerical results, however the agreement was poor for the leanest flames at low agent loading. Lastly, kinetic mechanism analysis was used to interpret the combustion enhancement and inhibition effect of hydrogen-doped methane flame by HFC-227ea.     

受限空间中细水雾灭火的准稳态模型

通过受限空间中大量细水雾灭火实验，总结出预测细水雾系统灭火效果的准稳态模型。该模型是针对细水雾扑灭有障碍火的情况而发展的，火焰的熄灭主要是由于燃料燃烧耗氧和细水雾汽化稀释造成氧气浓度的降低而导致的，忽略了细水雾与火焰的直接作用，模型基于能量守衡，要求输入以下参数：火源功率、受限空间的几何结构、通风口面积和细水雾施加流量，通过模型预测出稳态时受限空间的温度和氧气浓度，进而可以确定临界火源的尺度(功率大小)，同时能准确预测较大功率范围火的熄灭时间。     

船舶机舱水雾灭火相似模型分析与设计

以某型3000吨级船舶机舱为原型,根据对船舶机舱火灾蔓延规律的相似理论分析,建立了小尺度船舶火灾模拟实验舱的相似物理模型;确定了船舶机舱细水雾模拟的相似准则关系,并建立了模拟机舱细水雾灭火系统相似物理模型;依据IMO相关细水雾灭火系统有效性评估的实验场景设置和相似模型设计,采用FDS（4.0）对模拟实验舱内细水雾灭火系统进行了数值模拟的实验研究.实验结果表明,在忽略热辐射作用的条件下,对细水雾灭火系统采用相似理论分析,并建立的相似缩比模型可以较好的模拟原型舱室细水雾灭火过程与规律.     

Explosion venting of hydrogen-air mixtures from a duct to a vented vessel

Experiments were conducted on the vented explosion of hydrogen–air mixtures from a 150-cm-long duct to a cylindrical vessel with a vent at the center of its side wall to investigate the effects of vent burst pressure and an obstacle in duct on the process of explosion venting. Turbulent pressure oscillation owing to a pressure wave moving back and forth in a duct and vessel was observed for unvented explosions. For explosion venting from duct to vessel, flame acceleration in duct much increases the explosion overpressure in vessel. The maximum explosion in duct is always higher than that in vessel, and both of them increase with an increase in the vent cover thickness. An obstacle installed in duct significantly affected the explosion overpressure, which first increased and then decreased with an increase in the blockage ratio. Three pressure peaks were distinguished in the external pressure-time histories, which were resulted form different pressure waves formed outside the vessel.     

含NaCl添加剂细水雾对不同燃料池火灭火性能的实验研究

为了提高普通细水雾的灭火有效性，克服不足之处，研究了含NaCl灭火添加剂的细水雾与油池火相互作用的过程。重点研究了不同质量分数、不同工作压力、不同燃料条件下，细水雾的灭火有效性。研究结果表明，向细水雾中加入NaCl，显影响其灭火性能。细水雾的灭火对间与加入的NaCl质量分数间呈现出“W”形的关系曲线；细水雾喷头工作压力和燃料性质也影响细水雾的灭火性能：工作压力越高，平均熄灭时间越短；在相同的实验条件下，含NaCl添加剂的细水雾熄灭煤油火的时间小于酒精火的时间。含添加剂细水雾的灭火有效性，存在着细水雾与灭火添加剂的最优质量分数配比关系。     

Explosion characteristics of hydrogen–nitrogen–air mixtures at elevated pressures and temperatures

An experimental study on the combustion characteristics of nitrogen diluted hydrogen was conducted in a constant volume combustion vessel over a wide range of equivalence ratios and dilution ratios at elevated pressures and temperatures. The explosion characteristics such as the explosion pressure, the combustion duration, the maximum rate of pressure rise, the deflagration index and the normalized mass burning rate were derived. The result shows that a short combustion duration and higher normalized mass burning rate were presented with the increase of equivalence ratio. With the increase of initial temperature, the explosion pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise and the deflagration index were decreased, and a shorter combustion duration and higher normalized mass burning rate were presented. With the increase of initial pressure, the explosion pressure, the maximum rate of pressure rise and the deflagration index increase, a shorter combustion duration and higher normalized mass burning rate were presented. Nitrogen dilution significantly reduces the normalized mass burning rate and the deflagration index and thus the potential of explosion hazards.