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扁谷盗属是一类世界性重要的储藏物害虫。目前由于抗药性、可用技术广谱性和成本较高等问题,使得该类虫害的防治受到严重的挑战。针对杀虫剂抗药性问题,我们积极采取了各种措施包括多样化杀虫剂方式,杀虫剂组合如保幼激素类似物(JHA)与其他药剂复配。保幼激素类似物(JHA),如s-烯虫酯,具有很好的安全性和对多种仓储害虫有效性的特点。了解影响可替代技术效果的关键因素才能进行有效的防治管理。此外,了解害虫所有发育阶段的耐药性表达非常重要,因为药剂应用环境中所有虫态都存在。我们测定了扁谷盗属不同虫态及其F1种群对s-烯虫酯的耐受性。从发育阶段来看,成虫耐受性最高,其次是卵,然后是幼虫,其耐受性与F1代中的蛹大致相同。通过比较不同虫种的结果表明,最敏感的是长角扁谷盗,而耐受性最高的是土耳其扁谷盗。当浓度达到30mg/L及以上,锈赤扁谷盗和长角扁谷盗孵化率均小于50%,而土耳其扁谷盗需达到80mg/L时孵化率才低于50%。在幼虫期,仅需施用5 ppm s-烯虫酯,三个扁谷盗虫种死亡率都超过50%。在试验期间,s-烯虫酯并未完全抑制扁谷盗后代的产生,但即使在0.5 ppm浓度下,也会导致所有扁谷盗属的成虫显著减少。本研究这些结论可以得出,s-烯虫酯对这三个虫种非常有效,可作为储粮害虫综合防治的潜在手段。 相似文献
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储粮害虫绿色生态防控是我国粮食绿色仓储提升行动的重要任务之一,捕食螨防治储粮害虫是一种利用生态因子抑制储粮害虫的生物防治技术。马六甲肉食螨通过取食害虫和害螨的卵及低龄幼虫达到控制有害生物种群的目的。具有分布广、数量多、捕食虫谱广和捕食量大等优点,是我国粮库中的优势捕食螨。本文简述了储粮害虫捕食螨的防控技术,并结合团队近几年的研究,分析了马六甲肉食螨防控储粮害虫优势与进展,以及马六甲肉食螨人工扩繁技术和粮库防控释放技术,实仓应用情况。该技术成本低廉、操作便捷,而且无污染、无抗性,为绿色、生态、安全的储粮害虫综合防控和化学药剂减量提供参考。 相似文献
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玉米象(Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky)是世界性的储粮害虫,每年都造成严重的粮食损失。磷化氢是防治储粮害虫的主要熏蒸剂之一,由于长期使用,害虫对其已经产生了严重的抗药性。因此,急需寻求新的储粮害虫防治策略,一些挥发性小分子酯类化合物具有作为熏蒸剂的潜能。因此,本研究系统的评价30种酯类化合物对玉米象的熏杀活性。结果表明乙酸肉桂酯、甲酸香叶酯和乙酸烯炳酯对玉米象的熏杀活性最高,其LC50分别为0.32、1.82和1.92 μl/L。因此,乙酸肉桂酯、甲酸香叶酯和乙酸烯丙酯可以作为防治玉米象的潜在药剂。 相似文献
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在江西省内选择5个地市作为代表地区,对粮库、加工厂、饲料厂、农户等调查点的储粮昆虫进行调查。调查发现江西省有60种储粮昆虫,其中鞘翅目昆虫最多,达42种,占70%。拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum Herbst和谷蠹Rhizopertha dominica Fabricius是江西省重要储粮害虫,总发生频率均为69.6%;12种主要储粮害虫在江西省的总发生频率约大于10%。江西省粮库内的储粮昆虫种类数量为5.4种/调查点。加工厂、饲料厂和农户中储粮昆虫种类数量达11.8种/调查点。江西省地区储粮害虫天敌种类丰富,主要有寄生蜂类、嗜虫蝽类、拟蝎类和捕食螨类,具有生物防治储粮害虫的天然优势。在江西省还首次发现并确定微扁谷盗Cryptolestes pusilloides(Steel et Howe)。 相似文献
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长期以来,防护剂作为储粮害虫防治中一种重要的杀虫剂类型,以其低毒、长效、广谱和无需特殊的应用条件而被广泛应用。我国,尤其是我省应用马拉硫磷作为储粮防护剂近30年,尽管在国库、农户和社会储粮中收到了较好的效益,但由于长期、单一地使用,储粮害虫对马拉硫磷的抗性在过去20年中已迅速增长,导致使用剂量增加、防护效果下降。因此,积极开发、应用新型储粮防护剂,以解决储粮害虫对马拉硫磷的抗性问题并逐步取代之,使防护剂在储粮害虫防治中继续发挥其重要作用非常必要。 相似文献
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The effect of topical application of the insect juvenile hormone analogues methoprene (isopropyl-11-methoxy-3,7-11-trimethyl dodeca-2,4-dienoate) and hydroprene (ethyl-3,7,11-trimethyl dodeca-2,4-dienoate) on last instar larvae and newly-formed pupae of Sitotroga cerealella was examined. Topical application of methoprene at 10 μg/pupa to maize grains containing pupae resulted in 94% adult emergence whereas the same treatment applied to pupae removed from the grains reduced adult emergence to 45%. At 100 μg methoprene/pupa, adult emergence was 91% when grains containing pupae were treated and 32% when pupae were treated after removal from grains. Hydroprene (10 μg/pupa) was more effective than methoprene against insects both inside grains and after removal from grains, giving adult emergence of 48% and 8% respectively. At 100 μg/pupa, hydroprene completely prevented adult emergence when applied to insects removed from the grain. After treatment of the pupal stage with 10 or 100 μg methoprene per insect, adult males produced the same numbers of spermatophores as untreated males and the treatment did not affect either the number or fertility of eggs deposited by adult females. 相似文献
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The insect juvenile hormone analogues methoprene and fenoxycarb have been tested against larval stages of the lesser mealworm, Alphitobius diaperinus. Methoprene completely prevented the formation of adult insects at a concentration of 5.0 ppm in food medium. The same effect was achieved with only 0.05 ppm fenoxycarb. There was no evidence that sub-lethal levels of methoprene decreased the fecundity of insects that successfully completed adult development. The results of these laboratory tests are discussed in relation to the potential use of these compounds for control of A. diaperinus in intensive poultry production units. 相似文献
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生物农药多杀菌素及其结构类似物的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在日益重视环保的今天,生物农药因其易降解、低残留、低污染、高安全性以及病虫害不易产生抗性等优点已成为世界各国农药学家研究的热点,将引领农药开发新趋势。多杀菌素及其结构类似物作为新型绿色生物农药,其特殊的化学结构决定了独特的作用机理,同时具有生物农药的安全性和化学农药的速效性。在防治农林害虫、储粮害虫、卫生害虫以及牲畜寄生虫上发挥重要作用。通过比较多杀菌素及其结构类似物的理化特性,总结其理化诱变、分子改造、产品研发与应用以及抗性研究等方面的进展,分析生物农药推广的现状和存在问题,提出解决思路,并对其发展前景进行展望。 相似文献
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G.J. Daglish 《Journal of Stored Products Research》1998,34(4):263-268
Laboratory experiments were carried out to establish whether there were synergistic or antagonistic interactions in combination treatments of certain grain protectants. Six protectants were applied alone, or in combination, against Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) in stored maize and wheat, and Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in stored wheat. There were four organophosphorus (OP) insecticides (fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos-methyl, pirimiphos-methyl and methacrifos), one juvenile hormone analogue (methoprene) and one synergised pyrethroid (deltamethrin+piperonyl butoxide); and combination treatments consisted of either methoprene or synergised deltamethrin plus an OP insecticide. Based on the levels of control of adult progeny and periods of protection, there were no interactions between protectants. The results show that there is no need to alter field application rates to compensate for antagonism or to take advantage of synergism. They also support the view that application rates for combination treatments can be estimated from experiments on individual protectants using target species or strains. 相似文献