肺部影像解剖结构分割数据集及应用

目的 从影像中快速精准地分割出肺部解剖结构可以清晰直观地分辨各解剖结构间的关系,提供有效、客观的辅助诊断信息,大大提高医生的阅片效率并降低医生的工作量。随着影像分割算法的发展,越来越多的方法应用于分割肺部影像中感兴趣的解剖结构区域,但目前尚缺乏包含多种肺部精细解剖结构的影像数据集。本文创建了一个带标签的肺部CT/CTA （computer tomography/computer tomography angiography）影像数据集,以促进肺部解剖结构分割算法的发展。方法 该数据集共标记了67组肺部CT/CTA影像,包括CT影像24组、CTA影像43组,共计切片图像26 157幅。每组CT/CTA有4个不同的目标区域类别,标记对应支气管、肺实质、肺叶、肺动脉和肺静脉。结果 本文利用该数据集,用于肺部CT解剖结构分割医学影像挑战赛——2020年第四届国际图像计算与数字医学研讨会,该挑战赛提供了一个肺血管、支气管和肺实质的评估平台,通过Dice系数、过分割率、欠分割率、医学和算法行业专家对分割和3维重建效果进行了评估,目的是比较各种算法分割肺部解剖结构的性能。结论 本文详细描述了包括支气管、肺实质、肺叶、肺动脉和肺静脉等解剖结构标签的肺部影像数据集和应用结果,为相关研究人员利用本数据集进行更深入的研究提供参考。     

Bounded irregular pyramid: a new structure for color image segmentation

This paper presents a new segmentation technique for color images. It relies on building an irregular pyramid into a regular one, presenting only nodes associated to homogeneous color regions. Hence, the size of the irregular pyramid is bounded. Segmentation is performed by rearranging the set of links among pyramid nodes. Unlike other hierarchical methods based on relinking procedures, our algorithm does not operate in an iterative way and it preserves region connectivity.     

结合半局部信息与结构张量的无监督纹理图像分割

针对纹理的半局部性质与方向性,提出一种基于活动轮廓的无监督双纹理图像分割方法。首先分析基于半局部信息的纹理特征表示方法,指出其不能有效区分纹理的方向特征。然后利用半局部信息结合非线性结构张量构造4通道纹理特征,采用混合高斯模型作为纹理特征的概率密度函数,模型的数值求解采用分裂Bregman方法。新方法充分考虑纹理结构的周期性与方向特性,实验结果表明,其能够处理复杂的双纹理图像分割任务,同时具有高效与无监督特性。     

3-D translational motion and structure from binocular image flows

Image flow fields from parallel stereo cameras are analyzed to determine the relative 3-D translational motion of the camera platform with respect to objects in view and to establish stereo correspondence of features in the left and right images. A two-step procedure is suggested. In the first step, translational motion parameters are determined from linear equations the coefficients of which consist of the sums of measured quantities in the two images. Separate equations are developed for cases when measurements of either the full optical flow or the normal flow are available. This computation does not require feature-to-feature correspondence. In addition, no assumption is made about the surfaces being viewed. In the second step of the calculation, with the knowledge of the estimated translational motion parameters, the binocular flow information is used to find features in one image that correspond to given features in the other image. Experimental results with synthetic and laboratory images indicate that the method provides accurate results even in the presence of noise     

Retinal vessel image segmentation algorithm based on encoder-decoder structure

Multimedia Tools and Applications - The accurate segmentation of retinal vessel image is significant for the early diagnosis of some diseases. A retinal vessel image segmentation algorithm based on...     

Color image segmentation: advances and prospects

Image segmentation is very essential and critical to image processing and pattern recognition. This survey provides a summary of color image segmentation techniques available now. Basically, color segmentation approaches are based on monochrome segmentation approaches operating in different color spaces. Therefore, we first discuss the major segmentation approaches for segmenting monochrome images: histogram thresholding, characteristic feature clustering, edge detection, region-based methods, fuzzy techniques, neural networks, etc.; then review some major color representation methods and their advantages/disadvantages; finally summarize the color image segmentation techniques using different color representations. The usage of color models for image segmentation is also discussed. Some novel approaches such as fuzzy method and physics-based method are investigated as well.     

图像分割的结构张量几何活动轮廓模型

基于水平集方法和结构张量,提出几何活动轮廓模型应用于图像分割,解决水平集方法轮廓初始化和弱边缘处易于边缘泄露问题.该方法利用张量图像的散度算子构造新的外力,引导水平集函数的自适应运动,使得其可以初始为常值函数,消失其演化对初始轮廓的需要;在偏微分方程中引入张量迹信息,减少噪声对其演化的影响,避免轮廓在弱边缘处泄露.实验结果表明,该方法对噪声图像鲁棒,能提取深度凹陷目标轮廓和红外图像中的弱目标.     

改进的一种图论分割方法在舌像分割中的应用

由于人舌体的特殊性质,从舌像中直接分割舌体时常存在过分割和过合并现象。针对舌像特点提出了一种结合图论分割和多分辨率分割的图像分割算法,用一种图论分割算法让舌像在两种分辨率下分别进行分割,根据两种分割的结果把它们进行交或者并处理,从而有效地分割出舌体。实验结果表明这种方法能够有效避免直接使用图论分割时出现分割过度或者欠分割的情况。     

Normalized cuts and image segmentation

We propose a novel approach for solving the perceptual grouping problem in vision. Rather than focusing on local features and their consistencies in the image data, our approach aims at extracting the global impression of an image. We treat image segmentation as a graph partitioning problem and propose a novel global criterion, the normalized cut, for segmenting the graph. The normalized cut criterion measures both the total dissimilarity between the different groups as well as the total similarity within the groups. We show that an efficient computational technique based on a generalized eigenvalue problem can be used to optimize this criterion. We applied this approach to segmenting static images, as well as motion sequences, and found the results to be very encouraging     

Global structure constrained local shape prior estimation for medical image segmentation

Organ shape plays an important role in clinical diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment evaluation. Shape modeling is a critical factor affecting the performance of deformable model based segmentation methods for organ shape extraction. In most existing works, shape modeling is completed in the original shape space, with the presence of outliers. In addition, the specificity of the patient was not taken into account. This paper proposes a novel target-oriented shape prior model to deal with these two problems in a unified framework. The proposed method measures the intrinsic similarity between the target shape and the training shapes on an embedded manifold by manifold learning techniques. With this approach, shapes in the training set can be selected according to their intrinsic similarity to the target image. With more accurate shape guidance, an optimized search is performed by a deformable model to minimize an energy functional for image segmentation, which is efficiently achieved by using dynamic programming. Our method has been validated on 2D prostate localization and 3D prostate segmentation in MRI scans. Compared to other existing methods, our proposed method exhibits better performance in both studies.     

低对比度手指静脉图像的分割

为了克服目前分割算法中低对比度手指静脉图像分割不精确的问题,采用局部动态阈值算法,依据静脉图像中灰度值在空间信息的相关性,设计了新的变权重判定函数,解决分割后产生的伪静脉问题。同时针对一般细化算法在静脉交叉点产生的冗余问题,提出了新的判断准则,有效地解决了像素冗余问题。实验表明,这些方法能有效地分割低对比度手指静脉图像。     

Blobworld: image segmentation using expectation-maximization and its application to image querying

Retrieving images from large and varied collections using image content as a key is a challenging and important problem. We present a new image representation that provides a transformation from the raw pixel data to a small set of image regions that are coherent in color and texture. This "Blobworld" representation is created by clustering pixels in a joint color-texture-position feature space. The segmentation algorithm is fully automatic and has been run on a collection of 10,000 natural images. We describe a system that uses the Blobworld representation to retrieve images from this collection. An important aspect of the system is that the user is allowed to view the internal representation of the submitted image and the query results. Similar systems do not offer the user this view into the workings of the system; consequently, query results from these systems can be inexplicable, despite the availability of knobs for adjusting the similarity metrics. By finding image regions that roughly correspond to objects, we allow querying at the level of objects rather than global image properties. We present results indicating that querying for images using Blobworld produces higher precision than does querying using color and texture histograms of the entire image in cases where the image contains distinctive objects.     

图像边缘分割算法的优化研究与仿真

研究图像边缘分割问题,提高分割的准确性.针对图像中物体像素与其边缘像素容易发生像素粘连,粘连部分由于发生像素灰度混合,造成像素差异极小,传统的基于灰度的边缘检测算法由于不能很好的区分粘连部分的灰度差异,不能完整检测图像边缘的问题.提出了一种离散余弦变换(DCT)和数学形态学边缘分割算法.通过对提取过的特征图像在同一尺度下用多个结构元素分别对图像进行边缘分割,经过合成得到多尺度多结构元素形态学检测的边缘图像,摆脱分割算法对像素灰度的依赖.仿真结果表明:方法具有较好的抗干扰性和定位准确性,分割的边缘更为完整准确,取得了令人满意的效果.     

The integration of image segmentation maps using region and edgeinformation

We present an algorithm that integrates multiple region segmentation maps and edge maps. It operates independently of image sources and specific region-segmentation or edge-detection techniques. User-specified weights and the arbitrary mixing of region/edge maps are allowed. The integration algorithm enables multiple edge detection/region segmentation modules to work in parallel as front ends. The solution procedure consists of three steps. A maximum likelihood estimator provides initial solutions to the positions of edge pixels from various inputs. An iterative procedure using only local information (without edge tracing) then minimizes the contour curvature. Finally, regions are merged to guarantee that each region is large and compact. The channel-resolution width controls the spatial scope of the initial estimation and contour smoothing to facilitate multiscale processing. Experimental results are demonstrated using data from different types of sensors and processing techniques. The results show an improvement over individual inputs and a strong resemblance to human-generated segmentation     

多标号图像分割及其应用

介绍了一种基于多标号的半自动化图像分割方法。在分割过程中,首先依据高斯权值函数,针对待处理图像建立一个加权图;然后在原始图像中分别标记出属于不同目标区域的像素点;之后,任意选择图像中没有被标号的像素点为作起点,依据所创建的加权图进行随机游走,计算出从当前出发点游走至各个标记像素的概率。通过这种方法,针对图像中未被标号的像素,可以获得一个概率分布图,其中每个概率分布表示未标号像素随机游走到各个标记像素的概率,取概率最大的标记像素作为其所属目标,则可得到一个高质量的分割图像。     

Context-based segmentation of image sequences

We describe an algorithm for context-based segmentation of visual data. New frames in an image sequence (video) are segmented based on the prior segmentation of earlier frames in the sequence. The segmentation is performed by adapting a probabilistic model learned on previous frames, according to the content of the new frame. We utilize the maximum a posteriori version of the EM algorithm to segment the new image. The Gaussian mixture distribution that is used to model the current frame is transformed into a conjugate-prior distribution for the parametric model describing the segmentation of the new frame. This semisupervised method improves the segmentation quality and consistency and enables a propagation of segments along the segmented images. The performance of the proposed approach is illustrated on both simulated and real image data.     

Iris image segmentation and sub-optimal images

Iris recognition is well developed and works well for optimal or near-optimal iris images. Dealing with sub-optimal images remains a challenge. Resolution, wavelength, occlusion and gaze are among the most important factors for sub-optimal images. In this paper, we explore the sensitivity of matching to these factors through analysis and numerical simulation, with particular emphasis on the segmentation portion of the processing chain.     

图像分割中的模糊聚类方法

模糊聚类算法是近年来图像分割技术领域的研究热点之一。在对模糊C均值聚类算法分析的基础上,结合目前在图像分割中的应用研究,对模糊C均值聚类算法的测度方式进行了比较分析,从单分辨率、多分辨率以及与其他算法结合3个方面,评述改进的模糊C均值聚类算法优缺点。最后,讨论模糊C均值聚类算法目前存在的问题及未来发展方向。     

串并行分割法在分形图像压缩的应用

分形理论是20世纪70年代美国Benoit B.Mandelbrot提出的,在图像压缩领域中得到了迅速的发展与应用,分形编码压缩的两大难点是如何进行图像分割和构造迭代。介于现阶段的分形压缩算法复杂,编码时间长的缺点,本文通过细化图像分割以减轻迭代时计算量的思想,采用串行边界分割与并行区域分割相合的一种改进方法。