不同喷涂工艺制备的Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层表面自由能与冲蚀磨损性能研究

采用接触角测量仪和冲蚀磨损试验机等设备,研究超声速等离子喷涂与普通大气等离子喷涂两种技术制备的Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层的表面自由能和冲蚀磨损性能,并对涂层的显微硬度、孔隙率及成分进行检测分析。研究结果表明,普通大气等离子喷涂技术制备的涂层,其表面和内部结构疏松,孔隙率及显微硬度分别为6.653%和836.93 HV0.1。而超声速等离子喷涂技术制备的涂层,孔隙率及显微硬度分别为3.467%和1 078.68 HV0.1,相比普通大气等离子喷涂而言,超声速等离子喷涂制备的涂层整体性能较为优异。通过对两种涂层的结构和表面自由能分析发现,超声速等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层由于结构致密、表面自由能较低而具有较为出色的冲蚀磨损性能。     

Vibration monitoring in sliding wear of plasma sprayed ceramics

Dry frictional contact between two surfaces, one made of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings of Al₂O₃ and Al₂O₃---TiO₂ combination and the other made of steel, is analyzed. The experiments were conducted using a pin-on-disc set-up in the load range of 5–35 N and for sliding distances up to 14 km. The interactions between friction, wear and vibrations due to influence of normal load, sliding speed and system dynamics are investigated in the present paper. Two vibration parameters of pin in the load direction (vertical) are monitored, namely the r.m.s. acceleration and the kurtosis, which seem to be influenced considerably by the wear process and indicate correlation with wear mechanisms taking place such as stick-slip and grain pull-out, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy of worn surfaces. The study shows that a range of frequency is to be utilized for vibration monitoring to include natural frequencis of the system consisting of pin in contact with disc. This could be estimated by a standard impulse hammer test. The pin acceleration decreases with increase in load and sliding distance, but with respect to sliding speed, the vibration level intially decreases but increases beyond the sliding speed of 1.5 m s⁻¹. Among the three ceramic coatings, TiO₂ is found to be most wear resistant, exhibiting the lowest friction coefficient and a low vibration level. Variation in kurtosis with run-in wear indicates smoothing of Al₂O₃ due to grain pull out.     

Tribological behaviour of steel‐alumina sliding pairs under boundary lubrication conditions

The tribological behaviour of oil‐lubricated steel‐alumina sliding pairs was investigated using a ball‐on‐disc tribometer at room temperature. Commercial bearing balls of 10 mm diameter were mated to 99.7% Al₂O₃ discs, and additive‐free mineral oil was fed into the contact area. The sliding speed and the applied normal load were varied, and the initial surface roughness of the Al₂O₃ disc was altered using different polishing and grinding procedures. The results showed that the surface roughness of the ceramic discs dominated the tribological behaviour under the given experimental conditions. The sliding speed as well as the normal load showed less effect on the friction behaviour, but the amount of wear depended strongly on the normal load. From the results it was concluded that improvement of the surface roughness and optimised surface machining of the ceramic material can be essential for improving the tribological performance for boundary‐lubricated steel‐ceramic sliding pairs.     

Al2O3陶瓷阀芯耐磨性的研究

从陶瓷零件副的实际应用出发,采用失重法研究了Al2O3陶瓷的磨损情况,根据磨损结果,分析了陶瓷材料的磨损表面,磨损机理,表明陶瓷的磨损率较低,具有广阔的应用前景。     

不同温度下MoSi2的高温磨损行为研究

采用XP-5型高温摩擦磨损试验机考察了MoSi2/Al2O3配对副在700～1100℃间的摩擦学性能.利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪观察与分析了MoSi2的磨损表面与相组成.结果表明:MoSi2/Al2O3摩擦副低于900℃时摩擦因数随温度升高而增加,MoSi2的磨损率较低,氧化与粘着磨损是MoSi2的主要磨损形式;高于900℃时摩擦因数略有下降,但基本维持在0.6～0.8之间, MoSi2的磨损率却显著增加,这是由于塑脆转变特性的影响,MoSi2磨损表面还发生磨粒磨损、变形与断裂,粘着和氧化磨损加剧;偶件Al2O3的磨损形式为粘着磨损.     

纳米Al2O3弥散强化复合涂层的制备及耐磨性研究

将纳米Al2O3与Ni基自熔性合金F102的复合粉末用氧乙炔焰热喷焊工艺制各复合涂层,研究了纳米Al2O3的加入呈对组织和耐磨性的影响。结果表明,当纳米A12O3质量分数为0．25％时,涂层的耐磨性最好,与25％WC复合涂层的耐磨性相当。     

Al_2O_3陶瓷与Q235钢的活性钎焊

采用二元Cu-Ti活性钎料连接氧化铝陶瓷与Q235钢,研究了反应温度、保温时间等钎焊工艺对接头组织与接头强度的影响,分析了接头的微观组织和界面产物。试验结果表明,界面分为3层结构,即液态钎料填充陶瓷微孔形成的反应层、合金钎料层、钢侧扩散层。XRD分析结果表明,界面产物为Cu3Ti3O、TiFe、TiFe2和Cu基固溶体。钎焊温度1050℃,保温时间30min时,接头抗剪强度达到99.3MPa。     

Friction and wear properties of UHMWPE/Al2O3 ceramic under different lubricating conditions

Friction and wear behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sliding against Al₂O₃ ceramic under dry sliding, and lubrication of fresh plasma, distilled water and physiological saline were investigated with a self-made pin-on-disk apparatus at 37±1°C. The worn surfaces were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the friction behavior of UHMWPE is very sensitive to its water absorption state. The wear rate of UHMWPE under dry sliding is the highest and under plasma lubrication is the lowest. The wear mechanisms are different under dry friction and various lubricating conditions.     

热处理对等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层结合强度的影响

在Q235钢基体上等离子喷涂NiCrAl粘结层和Al2O3-13%TiO2工作层,并在300～900℃对涂层进行大气、真空及氩气环境下的热处理,借助OM、SEM、XRD以及电子万能试验机等研究了加热温度、保温时间以及热处理气氛对涂层显微结构和结合强度的影响。结果表明:气氛对涂层结合强度的影响较小,保温时间的影响较大,加热温度的影响最显著;适当的热处理可以减小微裂纹尺寸,提高涂层的结合强度;经500℃保温6 h真空热处理的涂层与原始涂层相比,可以使其结合强度提高62.5%,达到31.2 MPa。     

Al2O3-13%TiO2/铁基非晶合金复合涂层的室温摩擦磨损行为

利用等离子喷涂技术制备含质量分数15% Al₂O₃-13%TiO₂陶瓷相的Fe₄₅Cr₁₆Mo₁₆C₁₈B₅铁基非晶合金复合涂层并进行销盘式摩擦磨损试验,通过与铁基非晶合金涂层进行对比,研究了复合涂层在不同载荷(20,30,50 N)和销轴转速(300,500,800 r·min^-1)下的摩擦磨损行为,分析了其磨损机制。结果表明:当销轴转速为300 r·min^-1时,不同载荷下复合涂层的磨损率较铁基非晶合金涂层降低近50%,复合涂层的磨损机制随着载荷的增大由磨粒磨损转变为疲劳磨损;当载荷为30 N时,复合涂层的磨痕深度与磨损率随销轴转速的增加先增大后减小,均在转速为500 r·min^-1达到最大,在销轴转速为500 r·min^-1和800 r·min^-1时复合涂层均表现为黏着磨损。     

热喷涂纳米结构Al2O3／TiO2涂层断裂韧性的统计性质

采用压痕裂纹法测定了等离子喷涂纳米结构Al2O3／TiO2涂层的断裂韧性及其统计离散度。研究表明,采用不同载荷获得的压痕韧性呈现出较大的离散性,其分布符合韦伯分布类型。通过分析指出,随着载荷的增大压痕韧性的数值趋于集中,而导致压痕韧性产生较大波动性的根本原因在于涂层之中显微结构的不均匀性。     

聚四氟乙烯纳米复合材料的制备及其力学和摩擦学性能

以添加表面活性剂的水为溶剂,采用溶剂混合法制备纳米 Al2 O3填充聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）复合材料,研究其力学性能和摩擦学性能,并与乙醇中分别制备纳米 Al2 O3填充 PTFE 复合材料进行比较。结果表明：在相同 Al2 O3填充比例下,水中制备的复合材料的拉伸强度和硬度要低于乙醇中制备的复合材料,而断裂伸长率却要高于乙醇中制备的复合材料。在200 N 和干摩擦条件下,当纳米 Al2 O3质量分数为1％～5％时,水中制备的复合材料的磨耗量要低于乙醇中制备的复合材料,并较纯 PTFE 磨耗量下降了1～2个数量级;且水中制备的复合材料的摩擦因数也要低于乙醇中制备的复合材料。复合材料磨痕处 SEM显示复合材料的磨损机制为黏着磨损和磨粒磨损。     

La2O3添加量对激光熔覆铁基合金涂层显微组织和耐磨性能的影响

采用激光熔覆技术在35CrMoV钢表面制备添加La₂O₃质量分数分别为0,0.7%,1.4%,2.0%的铁基合金熔覆层,研究了La₂O₃含量对其显微组织、物相组成、显微硬度、耐摩擦磨损性能和抗冲击磨料磨损性能的影响。结果表明：未添加La₂O₃的熔覆层主要物相为FeCr固溶体和少量Cr₂₃ C₆,添加La₂O₃后熔覆层中还出现了LaNi₃,当La₂O₃质量分数为1.4%时熔覆层与基体界面平整,冶金结合良好,组织细小且均匀;随着La₂O₃质量分数增加,熔覆层显微硬度先增大后减小,耐摩擦磨损性能和抗冲击磨料磨损性能先提高后降低,当La₂O₃质量分数为1.4%,耐磨性能最好,此时熔覆层的摩擦磨损机制由未添加La₂O₃时的严重黏着磨损变为轻度犁削磨损,冲击磨料磨损表面的犁沟和凹凸不平消失,表面趋于平整。     

Al_2O_3-H_2O纳米流体冻结过程的数值模拟和试验研究

纳米流体作为强化换热介质,是目前的研究热点,但关于其相变过程的研究较少。利用当量比热法,在COMSOL有限元模拟软件中对质量分数为5%,不同粒径(10、20、50、100、500nm)的Al2O3-H2O纳米流体和去离子水的冻结过程进行数值模拟,并将模拟结果和试验结果进行了对比。二者具有较好一致性,表明烧杯中心和壁面附近的温度变化趋势有较大区别,中心处的温度变化更能反映样品的冻结过程;当质量分数为5%时,Al2O3-H2O纳米流体的相变时间与去离子水相比较短,且纳米流体的相变时间随Al2O3粒径的增大而增加。     

12Cr2Mo1 R厚板探伤不合格原因的试验分析及对策

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪对探伤不合格12Cr2Mo1R厚板的化学成分、微观组织、夹杂物等进行研究和分析。结果表明,板厚1/2处70μm以上呈串状的Al2 O3夹杂物是造成超声波探伤不合格的主要原因。分析了12Cr2Mo1R厚板中Al2O3夹杂物的主要来源。同时提出解决探伤不合格的方案：严格控制转炉冶炼时钢水中的溶解氧含量,减少脱氧Al的用量;采用合理的二次精炼制度,尤其是合理的吹氩制度,促进夹杂物的上浮分离;采用合理的浇注工艺,防止保护渣卷入。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3涂层对工程陶瓷表面改性的研究

利用溶胶—凝胶法在SG4工程陶瓷基体上成功制备了Al2 O3 涂层 ;利用差热分析 (DTA)方法对Al2 O3凝胶粉末的热处理过程进行了研究。对线切割、粗磨、精磨、Al2 O3 一次溶胶涂层和Al2 O3 二次溶胶涂层试样的抗弯强度进行了比较 ,并通过观察Al2 O3 一次溶胶涂层和Al2 O3 二次溶胶涂层试样表面和断面的SEM形貌 ,初步分析了表面改性的原因。分析结果表明 :溶胶涂层弥合基体表面微裂纹是提高抗弯强度的根本原因 ;Al2 O3 溶胶二次涂层试样表面质量好于一次涂层试样 ,可以更好地弥合基体表面微裂纹 ,使基体的抗弯强度更高。因此溶胶—凝胶法是陶瓷表面改性的一种有效方法。     

Determination of ZrO2 distribution in an Al2O3 matrix by digital image analysis and point-pattern analysis

Digital image analysis and point-pattern analysis were applied to the microstructures of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ composites in order to evaluate and classify the distribution of ZrO₂ particles. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ microstructures were digitized and processed into binary images. Point-pattern analysis was performed using data for mass centers for each ZrO₂ particle and the calculated distribution functions were compared with defined point-pattern distributions—clustered, random, and ordered. Distribution functions for analyzed samples were classified into random groups with different degrees of homogeneity, arising due to the preparation routine. It was shown that the point-pattern analysis can be used to distinguish between the type of distribution and degree of homogeneity for Al₂O₃ ceramic composites.     

铝基体喷涂Al2O3-TiO2/NiCoCrAlY系梯度涂层的抗热震性能

在ZL104铝合金基体上喷涂了Al2O3-TiO2／NiCoCrAlY系梯度涂层和Al2O3-TiO2非梯度涂层,对这两种试样进行了室温←→400℃冷热循环试验,以研究涂层的抗热震性能和热震失效机制。结果表明：Al2O3-45%TiO2与基体热膨胀系数的差异所产生的热应力是热震过程中涂层剥落的主要原因,涂层成分的梯度变化缓解了热应力,提高了抗热震失效能力;在热震循环过程中试样的弯曲是由基体和涂层材料膨胀系数、导热系数的差异以及铝基体的塑性变形造成的,这种变形使涂层产生残余拉应力,降低了涂层的抗热震性能。