粒度对RDX热感度和火焰感度的影响

采用喷射细化法和滴加法,制备了3种粒度的黑素今(RDX)粉末.采用激光粒度仪、比表面积分析仪和扫描电子显微镜对样品进行了表征,对其火焰感度、慢烤热感度及热分解特性进行了测试,其中用50%的发火高度表示其火焰感度,用爆发点的温度表示其慢烤热感度.结果表明,随着RDX粒度的减小,RDX的火焰感度和慢烤热感度均逐步升高.从理...     

超细HMX和RDX撞击感度的研究

利用爆炸概率法对超细奥克托今（ＨＭＸ）和黑索今（ＲＤＸ）的撞击感度进行了研究。试验结果表明：超细ＨＭＸ和ＲＤＸ的爆炸分数相比军用标准样品的值有较大幅度下降。文章分析了撞击感度降低的原因,并展望了超细炸药在高能量、低感度炸药研制中的重要意义。     

硬脂酸包覆超细RDX及其撞击感度

为改善超细RDX的性能,采用硬脂酸(SA)为钝感添加剂,获得了以超细RDX为基的钝感混合炸药.通过测试接触角、计算表面能验证其包覆可行性,SA能够包覆UFRDX.用扫描电镜对包覆后的样品进行表征验证,并测试了SA包覆后的超细RDX的撞击感度.结果表明,其表面形貌得到明显改善,SA可降低其撞击感度,说明钝感剂SA的加入是降低炸药撞击感度的有效方法.     

不同粒度RDX对DAGR发射药试样抗冲击性能的影响

为了研究黑索金(RDX)粒度对DAGR高能硝胺发射药抗冲击性能的影响规律,以DAGR药片为原料,分别加入用Tyler标准筛筛分的6种不同粒度的RDX,制备成相同RDX含量的试样,通过落锤冲击试验和摆锤冲击试验分别对所制备的发射药试样进行了轴向和径向抗冲击性能测试。研究结果表明,随着RDX粒度的减小,发射药试样的抗冲击性能逐渐增加。通过对试样冲击断面进行亚微观形貌观测,发现试样断裂面中固体填料RDX颗粒与粘结剂基体之间存在相互剥离的现象,断裂面上存在裸露的RDX颗粒及RDX与基体剥离所形成的空穴。     

柴油抗磨剂对柴油质量影响分析

随着国Ⅳ、国Ⅴ车用柴油标准的实施,柴油抗磨剂的使用范围不断扩大。不同抗磨剂由于其组成、性质等差异,影响商品柴油质量、使用性能,并出现乳化、酸值偏高、氧化安定性(以总不溶物计)超标问题等,已严重威胁车用柴油质量的稳定。本文介绍了抗磨剂的质量要求,分析了酸/酯型抗磨剂生产工艺、性能特点以及与其他添加剂配伍性等对柴油性能质量的影响,有助于企业合理选择、使用柴油抗磨剂并有效解决加剂柴油的质量问题。     

Relationship Between RDX Properties and Sensitivity

An interlaboratory comparison of seven lots of commercially available RDX was conducted to determine what properties of the nitramine particles can be used to assess whether the RDX has relatively high or relatively low sensitivity. The materials chosen for the study were selected to give a range of HMX content, manufacturing process and reported shock sensitivity. The results of two different shock sensitivity tests conducted on a PBX made with the RDX lots in the study showed that there are measurable differences in the shock sensitivity of the PBXs, but the impact sensitivity for all of the lots is essentially the same. Impact sensitivity is not a good predictor of shock sensitivity for these types of RDX. Although most RDX that exhibits RS has low HMX content, that characteristic alone is not sufficient to guarantee low sensitivity. A range of additional analytical chemistry tests were conducted on the material; two of these (HPLC and DSC) are discussed within.     

RDX降感技术研究进展

RDX（黑索今）的较高感度使其应用受到一定限制。从RDX的高品质化和RDX钝感包覆两方面对近年来RDX降低感度研究方面的成果进行了评述,指出了我国今后RDX降低感度的研究方向。     

重结晶降低RDX感度研究

采用N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基甲酰胺、二甲基亚砜作溶剂,对普通RDX进行重结晶.研究了不同溶剂对RDX晶体形貌、晶体内空穴、位错、残存溶剂的影响,通过扫描电镜和光学显微镜,分析了重结晶RDX晶体的结晶形貌和内部质量,用密度瓶法测试了晶体密度,用10kg落锤测定了撞击感度.结果表明,用二甲基亚砜重结晶制备的RDX有较好的晶体质量,撞击感度最低(54%),晶体密度达1.823g/cm3.     

RDX粒度对机械感度的影响

系统研究了RDX粒度对撞击感度和摩擦感度的影响．实验测试的RDX平均粒径为1．5～124μm,并在此粒度范围内分为5个粒度等级。其中撞击感度用特性落高法表示,摩擦感度用特性正压力表示。结果表明：炸药的撞击感度、摩擦感度均随粒度的减小而降低。从理论上分析了炸药粒度变化对机械感度影响的机理。     

HMX as an Impurity in RDX Particles: Effect on the Shock Sensitivity of Formulations Based on RDX

Two main kinds of heterogeneities are pointed out in RDX particles in using optical microscopy with matching refractive index and scanning electron microscopy. These are HMX impurities and solvent inclusions.     

纳米LaCoO3对RDX基混合炸药的热分解特性和感度的影响

用DSC和DTA研究了LaCoO3对含AP的RDX基混合炸药热分解特性的影响。结果表明,纳米LaCoO3对含有AP的RDX基爆炸混合物的热分解具有一定的催化作用;纳米LaCoO3使RDX基混合炸药的撞击感度和热感度降低,摩擦感度增大。     

纳米RDX的制备及其机械感度和热分解特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过引入1,2-环氧丙烷作为Fe（Ⅲ）离子的水解促进剂,在温和条件下制备了RDX／Fe2O3湿凝胶,经超临界干燥后得到纳米RDX／Fe2O3复合含能材料的气凝胶,再用稀盐酸将气凝胶中的无定形Fe2O3溶蚀后最终得到RDX纳米粒子。利用TEM、SEM、EDS、XRD和DSC对纳米RDX的微观形貌、表面元素组成、晶体结构和热分解特性进行了研究,并测试了RDX的机械感度。结果表明,制备的纳米RDX粒径约为60～90nm;纳米RDX的撞击感度略低于微米RDX,但其摩擦爆炸百分数却增加了54％;热分析结果表明,纳米RDX的分解放热峰较微米RDX提前了10．74℃,活化能降低了18020J／mol。     

黑索今结晶工艺对其撞击感度的影响研究

本文以结晶机理为指导,硝酸为溶剂,水为稀释剂,采用溶剂-非溶剂法重结晶黑索今．用立式落锤仪测定其撞击感度。通过工艺条件的改变,寻求黑索今撞击感度与结晶工艺的关系。试验结果表明：黑索今晶体的撞击感度与其结晶工艺密切相关。     

水性聚氨酯包覆RDX的影响因素研究

以环氧有机硅复合改性的水性聚氨酯(WPU)作为黑索今(RDX)包覆剂,研究了包覆温度、WPU用量、RDX粒度及表面活性剂种类和用量对包覆后RDX机械感度、热感度和流散性的影响,并通过撞击感度测试、5s延滞期爆发点测试和金相显微镜晶型观测分析确定了较佳的包覆工艺条件。结果表明,包覆温度40℃、WPU质量分数2.0%、RDX粒度200～300目和阳离子表面活性剂质量分数0.5%～1.0%时,包覆后的RDX颗粒形状圆滑,感度较低,颗粒间包覆剂残留较少,流散性良好。     

一些络合剂对电沉积CuInSe2薄膜的影响

研究并讨论了三乙醇胺、柠檬酸、酒石酸和甘氨酸作为络合剂对电沉积CuInSe_2薄膜的组成及表面质量的影响情况,结果显示三乙醇胺及柠檬酸对改善薄漠的质量有很大的作用,这与它们能在阴极上吸附的性质有关。     

Research on the Size of Defects inside RDX/HMX Crystal and Shock Sensitivity

Intragranular defects inside RDX/HMX were studied by optical microscopy with matching refractive (OMS), sink‐float method (SFM), and micro‐focus CT (μCT) techniques. OMS results revealed the phenomenon that RDX/HMX had more defects and cracks than RS‐RDX/RS‐HMX. μCT results indicated that RDX/HMX had more defects with larger volume than RS‐RDX/RS‐HMX. The gap test showed that critical shock pressure/gap thickness was 6.4 GPa/19.4 mm for PBX based on RDX, while they were 7.5 GPa/17.5 mm and 8.6 GPa/16.2 mm for PBX based on M‐RDX and RS‐RDX, respectively. Meanwhile, an analysis of the relationship between defects inside RDX/HMX crystal and shock sensitivity was made. Finally, the shock pressure response under impact loading was investigated by discrete element method.     

六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷的机械撞击感度

用不同工艺条件将γ-HNIW转晶为ε-HNIW,得到不同晶癖的ε-HNIW;采用不同包覆剂对ε-HNIW进行包覆研究,得到了表面改性的ε-HNIW;对两类样品进行了机械撞击感度研究。结果表明,近似平行四边形、颗粒较均匀、碎晶少的样品感度最低;颗粒细小、细针状、碎晶多的HNIW样品感度高,石蜡、丁腑橡胶可良好钝感HNIW,聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯一苯乙烯共聚物包覆的样品的感度较高。     

表面活性剂对常用发用定型剂的性能影响

通过实验,测定了不同离子性质的表面活性剂CMEA、Plantopon ACG与发用定型剂STYLEZEW-10、GAFQUAT755N、PVPK-90、PVP/VAW-735的协同配伍对发用定型剂性能的影响。使用经验配方制备测试样板,通过对外观、定型硬度、卷曲保持率等客观指标的测定,得出了表面活性剂对发用定型剂的功效影响的基本规律。结果表明：表面活性剂的用量及离子性质对不同离子性质定型剂的功效性能发挥有显著的影响。     

RDX and HMX with Reduced Sensitivity Towards Shock Initiation–RS‐RDX and RS‐HMX

Reduced Sensitivity RDX (RS‐RDX) has received a lot of attention and interest from the explosive community in the recent years. There are several producers of RS‐RDX, most of them using a direct nitration (Woolwich process) for the RDX synthesis, while Chemring Nobel uses the Bachmann process. The processes for obtaining the RS properties probably differ between the various producers. Chemring Nobel has also developed an HMX quality that shows Reduced Sensitivity (RS‐HMX) of different particle size distributions. The shock sensitivity is at the same level as for RS‐RDX in comparable compositions. Reduced shock sensitivity has been obtained for RS‐RDX and Reduced Sensitivity (RS‐HMX) in both pressable and cast‐cured compositions. By using a pressable composition, it is possible to get the results from a BICT gap test faster than from a cast‐cured composition that has to go through a curing process. Chemring Nobel in cooperation with FFI have performed an extensive accelerated ageing testing of RS‐RDX produced by the Bachmann process. The samples have been aged at 60 and 70 °C and the shock sensitivity tested by two different gap tests. The results demonstrate that the Chemring Nobel RS‐RDX retain the insensitivity towards shock during ageing and show no degradation at all. Accelerated ageing testing of RS‐HMX has also been performed and shows no degradation in the shock sensitivity.     

炸药撞击感度试验的研究

综述了炸药撞击感度的背景知识，试验现象的判定以及撞击感度与分子结构的关系。指出了撞击感度的研究方向。