聚L-丙交酯-ε-己内酯/DL-丙交酯共聚物-聚L-丙交酯热塑性弹性体的制备及表征

以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,1,4-丁二醇为引发剂,将ε-己内酯与DL-丙交酯进行开环聚合制备两端带有羟基的ε-己内酯和DL-丙交酯共聚物（PCDLA-OH预聚物）,然后以PCDLA-OH预聚物引发L-丙交酯开环聚合制备两端为聚L-丙交酯链段,中间为ε-己内酯和DL-丙交酯共聚物链段的三嵌段共聚物（PLLA-b-PCDLA-b-PLLA）,并对嵌段共聚物的结构与性能进行了测试。结果表明,PCDLA-OH预聚物中DL-丙交酯的用量越大,预聚物逐渐从部分结晶转变为无定形聚合物,玻璃化转变温度逐渐升高。当DL-丙交酯与ε-己内酯的摩尔比为3/10,PCDLA-OH预聚物与L-丙交酯的质量比为1/5时,所制备的PLLA-b-PCDLA-b-PLLA的扯断伸长率为204%,拉伸强度为4.77 MPa。     

H型两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

以聚乙二醇(PEG-400)、环氧氯丙烷为原料,氢氧化钾为缚酸剂,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为相转移催化剂制得聚乙二醇缩水甘油醚(epoxide-PEG-epoxide).然后,在氢氧化钠水溶液中,聚乙二醇缩水甘油醚中的环氧键水解生成分子链两端各含有两个羟基的大分子引发剂((HO)2PEG(OH)2).最终,以辛酸亚锡为催化剂,端羟基大分子引发剂引发ε-己内酯开环聚合,合成了不同相对分子质量的H型两亲性嵌段共聚物((PCL)2PEG(PCL)2).通过红外光谱(FTIR)和核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR),聚乙二醇缩水甘油醚,端羟基大分子引发剂和H型两亲性嵌段共聚物的结构得到了确认.示差扫描量热法对两亲性嵌段共聚物热性能的研究表明:当亲水段的聚乙二醇分子量为400时,聚合物的熔融温度主要受疏水段的聚己内酯影响,随着聚己内酯链段长度的增加,熔融温度升高.     

三嵌段共聚物大分子引发剂的合成

首先用Novozyme 435作为催化剂合成了聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯三嵌段聚合物,然后通过端基官能化法合成了大分子引发剂。通过核磁表征了三嵌段聚合物和大分子引发剂的结构,从而制备含氟功能五嵌段共聚物,该聚合物在很多领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

酶促开环聚合合成PCL-PEG-PCL三嵌段共聚物

酶促开环聚合(eROP)是以固定化酶为引发剂的聚合方法,固定化酶在反应后期容易分离,还可回收循环利用。首先探究了ε-己内酯的酶促开环聚合中固定化酶Novozym 435用量、聚合温度、聚合时间以及酶的重复使用次数对ε-己内酯转化率的影响;在优化条件下,采用固定化酶Novozym 435和聚乙二醇为共引发剂,引发ε-己内酯聚合,成功合成了聚己内酯-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯(PCL-PEG-PCL)三嵌段共聚物。为其作为药物载体运用到生物医药领域提供了理论依据。     

丙交酯/己内酯聚酯共聚物在天然海水中水解行为研究

熔融共聚法制备了丙交酯/己内酯聚酯共聚物,采用FT-IR、1H-NMR和XRD等分析手段对聚酯共聚物进行了结构表征,确认合成了嵌段型聚酯共聚物。利用石英微晶天平(QCM-D)检测己内酯/丙交酯聚酯薄膜在天然海水中频率和耗散的变化,并用POM、AFM和SEM原位观察了水解过程中薄膜表面微观结构的变化,初步推断聚酯共聚物的水解过程。     

一种核/壳型纳米粒子的制备与表征

以PCL(聚己内酯)和PEG(聚乙二醇)为初始原料合成了PECL(PEG-PCL-PEG)两亲性三嵌段共聚物,并通过PECL的端羟基与丙烯酰氯的缩合反应向PECL中引入了双键。研究结果表明:该两亲性PECL在水相环境中可自组装形成表面带有大量双键的纳米粒子;PECL与丙烯酰氯缩合反应后,可将C=C双键成功引入至三嵌段共聚物中;PECL纳米粒子为核/壳状球形结构。     

PE-b-PEO嵌段共聚物的合成及其芳烃/烷烃渗透汽化分离性能

采用阴离子聚合方法合成了具有不同环氧乙烷聚合度的聚丁二烯-b-聚环氧乙烷嵌段共聚物(PB-b-PEO嵌段共聚物),然后催化加氢得到聚乙烯-b-聚环氧乙烷嵌段共聚物(PE-b-PEO嵌段共聚物),使用凝胶渗透色谱仪(GPC)、核磁共振氢谱(1H-NMR)对共聚物进行了分析,结果表明所得聚合物具有预定的结构。通过熔融压片的方法制备PE-b-PEO嵌段共聚物均质膜,考察了PE-b-PEO嵌段共聚物分子链中聚环氧乙烷的聚合度对渗透汽化分离性能的影响。     

PET-PEG嵌段共聚物的序列结构研究

用直接酯化法合成了一系列不同 PGE含量的 PET- PEG(聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚乙二醇 )嵌段共聚物。用 FTIR、H1- NMR等测试手段对嵌段共聚物的序列结构进行分析。证明 PET- PEG嵌段共聚物的组成与投料比非常接近 ;其分子链结构特征是以硬段 PET封端的多嵌段共聚物 ;PEG含量影响大分子链的序列结构 ,随 PEG含量的增加 ,硬段长度减小 ,软段长度增加。     

PLA-PCL-PLA三嵌段共聚物的合成与性能

以不同光学特性的丙交酯和己内酯为单体,辛酸亚锡为催化剂,对苯二甲醇(BDM)为引发剂,合成一系列不同PLA/PCL链段比的PLA-PCL-PLA三嵌段共聚物。采用1H-NMR、GPC、DSC对其大分子结构、分子量以及结晶熔融行为进行分析表征。同时,研究了不同PLA/PCL链段比和不同光学性质的PLA末端对嵌段共聚物力学性能的影响,结果表明:三嵌段共聚物的断裂伸长率超过1 000%,拉伸强度约为30 MPa,两端为无定型的PDLLA的嵌段共聚物的力学性能高于半结晶型的PLLA和PDLA的嵌段共聚物。     

聚乙二醇/聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)/聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物的合成与表征

为改进聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)(PHB)的结晶性和亲水性,通过聚乙二醇单甲醚(MPEG)的端酰氯基团和聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)的端羟基基团的官能团反应,制备了聚乙二醇/聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)/聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物。通过红外光谱、核磁、X-射线衍射、差热分析和凝胶渗透色谱等手段,证明制备了嵌段共聚物。吸水实验表明,材料的亲水性得到了明显的改善。     

New self-assembling biocompatible-biodegradable amphiphilic block copolymers

New biodegradable-biocompatible amphiphilic block copolymers were prepared in good yields by SnOct₂ catalyzed ring opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone initiated by monomethoxy-terminated poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG). Coupling of the AB copolymers with hexamethylene diisocyanate afforded ABA (formally ABBA) block copolymers. Both AB and ABA copolymers were thoroughly characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, TGA and DSC thermal analysis. In particular, DSC measurements evidenced that the copolymer hydrophilic-lipophilic balance appreciably affected the state of adsorbed water. Polarized optical microscopy of bulk materials and pyrene fluorescence emission of polymer water solutions highlighted the copolymer tendency to phase separation and self-organization, respectively. Most of the prepared materials formed micelles in water and the copolymer structure appreciably affected their critical micellar concentration. In vitro cytocompatibility tests confirmed the low toxicity of the prepared polymeric materials which enhances their potential for biomedical applications.     

Synthesis and aggregation behavior of four types of different shaped PCL‐PEG block copolymers

Biodegradable, amphiphilic, linear (diblock and triblock) and star‐shaped (three‐armed and four‐armed) poly[(ethylene glycol)‐block‐(ε‐caprolactone)] copolymers (PEG–PCL copolymers) were synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (CL) with stannous octoate as a catalyst, in the presence of monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), three‐armed poly(ethylene glycol) (3‐arm PEG) or four‐armed poly(ethylene glycol) (4‐arm PEG) as an initiator, respectively. The monomer‐to‐initiator ratio was varied to obtain copolymers with various PEG weight fractions in a range 66–86%. The molecular structure and crystallinity of the copolymers, and their aggregation behavior in the aqueous phase, were investigated by employing ¹H‐NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry, as well as utilizing the observational data of gel–sol transitions and aggregates in aqueous solutions. The aggregates of the PEG–PCL block copolymers were prepared by directly dissolving them in water or by employing precipitation/solvent evaporation technique. The enthalpy of fusion (ΔH_m), enthalpy of crystallization (ΔH_crys) and degrees of crystallinity (χ_c) of PEG blocks in copolymers and the copolymer aggregates in aqueous solutions were influenced by their PEG weight fractions and molecular architecture. The gel–sol transition properties of the PEG–PCL block copolymers were related to their concentrations, composition and molecular architecture. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物在水溶液中的自组装行为及其应用

聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯-聚氧乙烯(PEO-PPO-PEO)嵌段共聚物是一类重要的非离子表面活性剂,在选择性溶剂中可以自组装成多种形貌的介观结构。对PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物在水溶液中自组装行为进行了综述,介绍了其自组装行为的实验研究技术;阐明了嵌段共聚物构型、分子量、温度、浓度、添加剂等因素对PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物聚集行为的调控和作用机理;介绍了嵌段共聚物自组装特性的热力学模型、分子模拟及计算机预报等研究方法和研究进展;重点介绍了PEO-PPO-PEO嵌段共聚物在介孔材料制备、药物载体、生物大分子分离、嵌段共聚物修饰等方面的应用。     

Synthesis of biodegradable and biocompatible ABC triblock copolymers

A facile approach is offered to synthesize well‐defined amphiphilic ABC triblock copolymers composed of poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (MPEO) as A block, poly(L ‐lysine) (PLLys) as B block, and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) as C block by a combination of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and click reactions. The propargyl‐terminated poly(Z‐L ‐lysine)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (MPEO‐PzLLys‐PCL) diblock copolymers were synthesized via the ring‐opening polymerization of N^ε‐carbobenzoxy‐L ‐lysine N‐carboxyanhydride (Z‐L ‐Lys NCA) in DMF at room temperature using propargyl amine as an initiator and the resulting amino‐terminated poly(Z‐L ‐lysine) then used in situ as a macroinitiator for the polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in the presence of stannous octoate as a catalyst. The triblock copolymers poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether –block‐poly(Z‐L ‐lysine)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (MPEO‐PzLLys‐PCL) were synthesized via the click reaction of the propargyl‐terminated PzLLys‐PCL and azido‐terminated poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether (PEO‐N₃) in the presence of CuBr and 1,1,4,7,7‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (PMDETA) catalyst system. After the removal of Z groups of L ‐lysine units, amphiphilic and biocompatible ABC triblock copolymers MPEO‐PLLys‐PCL were obtained. The structural characteristics of these ABC triblock copolymers and corresponding precursors were characterized by NMR, IR, and GPC. These results showed the click reaction was highly effective. Therefore, a facile approach is offered to synthesize amphiphilic and biocompatible ABC triblock copolymers consisting of polyether, polypeptide and polyester. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Synthesis and characterization of ABA triblock and novel multiblock copolymers from ethylene glycol,L‐lactide,and ϵ‐caprolactone

Three types of copolymers were synthesized and characterized. First, triblock ABA copolymers [where A is a homopolymer of ?‐caprolactone and B is poly(ethylene glycol)] were prepared by the ring‐opening polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) with ?‐caprolactone in the presence of stannous octoate (Sn(Oct)₂). The spectral, thermal, and mechanical properties of one sample of these copolymers were studied, and it was discovered that these types of copolymers were more hydrophilic, possessed lower melting points, and had superior mechanical properties (greater toughness) than poly(?‐caprolactone). Second, triblock ABA copolymers [where A is a homopolymer of L ‐lactide and B is poly(ethylene glycol)] were prepared by the ring‐opening polymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) with L ‐lactide in the presence of Sn(Oct)₂. The mechanical properties of these copolymers were studied, and it was found that they were tougher and softer than poly(L ‐lactide). Third, novel ABA triblock copolymers [where A is a copolymer of ?‐caprolactone and L ‐lactide and B is poly(ethylene glycol)] were prepared, and ¹H‐NMR and ¹³C‐NMR spectra of these copolymers indicated a microblock structure for the two end blocks. The stress–strain behavior revealed low yields and high toughness for these copolymers. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2072–2081, 2002     

PCL及PCL-PEG-PCL共聚物的合成与表征

以辛酸亚锡[Sn(Oct)2]作为引发剂,采用ε-己内酯(ε-CL)开环均聚合制备聚ε-己内酯(PCL),考察了n(ε-CL)/n[Sn(Oct)2]、反应温度和反应时间等因素对聚合产物特性黏数的影响。以Sn(Oct)2为催化剂,聚乙二醇(PEG)为引发剂,合成了不同相对分子质量的PCL-PEG-PCL三嵌段共聚物,研究了ε-CL均聚物及共聚物的结构、热性能和结晶形态。PCL最佳合成工艺为:n(ε-CL)/n[Sn(Oct)2]为400,温度130℃,反应时间4 h。随着PEG相对分子质量从2×103增加到8×103,三嵌段共聚物的熔融温度、熔融焓和结晶温度逐渐升高;结晶温度及PEG相对分子质量对PCL-PEG-PCL三嵌段共聚物球晶的形态和尺寸影响很大。     

Diblock and triblock copolymers catalyzed by benzo-12-crown-4 bridged N-heterocyclic carbene: synthesis,characterization and degradation behavior

The sequential ring-opening polymerizations (ROP) of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) and L-lactide (LLA) with benzo-12-crown-4-imidazole carbene (B-12-C-4imY) as the catalyst have been performed. Using either benzyl alcohol or ethylene glycol as an initiator, the corresponding poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(L-lactide) (PCL-b-PLLA) diblock or poly(L-lactide)-poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(L-lactide) (PLLA-PCL-PLLA) triblock copolymers were easily prepared. The results indicated that B-12-C-4imY was quite effective for the copolymerization. The diblock copolymerization of ε-CL with LLA could only be achieved when ε-CL was first polymerized followed by LLA. Feeding the two monomers simultaneously, however, only resulted in the formation of LLA homopolymers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements demonstrated that block copolymers exhibited the decomposition temperature lower than the PCL homopolymer. The copolymers were characterized by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR, FT-IR, GPC, and DSC analyses. 20?×?10 mm² rectangular specimens made of the triblock copolymer were allowed to degrade in a pH?=?7.4 phosphate buffer at 37 °C. Degradation was monitored by various analytical techniques such as GPC, IR, and ESEM.     

Crosslinkable surfactants based on linoleic acid-functionalized block copolymers of ethylene oxide and ε-caprolactone for the preparation of stable PMMA latices

Amphiphilic diblock and triblock copolymers consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as (central) hydrophilic segment and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) as hydrophobic segment(s) were prepared by ring opening polymerization. The length of the PEO segment was kept constant , whereas the length of the PCL block(s) was either 6 or 10 units for diblock copolymers and 3 or 5 units at each end for the triblock copolymers. These block copolymers were end-functionalized by esterification with linoleic acid (LA), which contains reactive double bonds. The autoxidative behavior of PEO₄₅-(CL₃-LA)₂ functionalized triblock copolymers was investigated by exposure of films to air at ambient conditions. Ninety percent of the double bonds had disappeared in 15 d and a crosslinked structure was obtained after 30 d. Critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of the crosslinkable surfactants were in the range of 0.08-0.19 mmol/l for the diblock copolymer and of 0.19-0.26 mmol/l for the triblock copolymer. The surface tension of aqueous surfactant solutions at the CMC (γ_CMC) (25 °C) varied from 47.1 to 51.4 mN/m for the diblock and from 45.6 to 48.1 mN/m for the triblock systems. For both systems CMC and γ_CMC increase with increasing HLB values. These surfactants were used in PMMA latex preparations. The latices of PMMA prepared with LA-functionalized diblock and triblock copolymers yielded narrow particle size distributions and particle sizes of 180 and 370 nm, respectively, whereas latices prepared with SDS had a particle size of 90 nm. After extraction of the latex particles with methanol, the amounts of the unextractable (either buried or copolymerized) LA-functionalized diblock and triblock copolymers found in extracted PMMA latex particles were 10 and 24% of the initial amount of surfactant added respectively. Control experiments with a stearic acid (SA) containing diblock copolymer showed that the amount of buried surfactant in PMMA latices was 6.5%. By comparing the overall latex characteristics and stability (shelf stability, freeze-thaw testing and addition of electrolyte solutions and ethanol) it was concluded that an LA-functionalized diblock copolymer (MPEO₄₅-CL₁₀-LA) gave better stabilization of PMMA latices than an LA-functionalized triblock copolymer of comparable composition and HLB value.     

Synthesis and properties of novel biodegradable triblock copolymers of poly(5-methyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one) and poly(ethylene glycol)

Novel biodegradable triblock copolymers of poly(5-methyl-5-methoxycarbonyl-1,3-dioxan-2-one) (PMMTC) with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), PMMTC-b-PEG-b-PMMTC, were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization of MMTC in bulk, using the dihydroxyl PEG as initiator and Sn(Oct)₂ as catalyst. The triblock copolymers with different compositions were characterized by IR and ¹H NMR, their molecular weight was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results showed that the molecular weight of triblock copolymers increased either with the increase of the molar ratio of MMTC in feed while the PEG chain length kept constant, or by lengthening the backbone chain of PEG block with the same ratio of MMTC in feed. The hydrophilicity of copolymers was greatly improved by incorporation of PEG block into polycarbonate. The in vitro hydrolytic/enzymatic degradation and controlled drug release properties of the triblock copolymers were also investigated.     

Biodegradable polyester blends for biomedical application

A new family of bioabsorbable materials suitable for biomedical applications was designed and prepared by means of blending of some available polyesters to develop new biodegradable materials tailored for different requirements. Multiphase polymer blends containing poly(d, l-lactide) (PLA), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), poly(d, l)-lactide-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PELA), poly(ε-caprolactone) -co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PECL), and poly(ß-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), PLA/PCL, PELA/PECL, PHB/PLA, PHB/PELA, PHB/PCL, and PHB/PECL blends were respectively investigated. It was found that PLA/PCL, PHB, and PHB/PLA and PHB/PCL blends were seemingly immiscible, with their morphology and hydrolytic behavior were determined by the composition of the blends. On the other hand, the miscibility of PELA/PECL, PHB/PELA, and PHB/PECL blends was improved by using PELA and/or PECL block copolymers that contained poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as compatibilizer. The blends showed to a certain extent miscibility, fine phase morphology, and fast hydrolysis. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.