牛粪、鸡粪发酵产氢潜力的研究

采用恒温厌氧发酵工艺,用乳酸调控发酵pH值,进行了牛粪和鸡粪发酵产氢的实验研究。实验结果表明,pH为4.7～5.5时,牛粪的产氢潜力为32.33ml/g(TS)和41.39ml/g(VS);鸡粪的产氢潜力为33.58ml/g(TS)和50.88ml/g(VS)。     

猪粪发酵产氢潜力的研究

采用批量发酵工艺，以解猪粪为原料，进行了厌氧发酵产氢的研究，发酵料液pH值控制在5．0左右，实验结果表明，鲜猪粪的产氢潜力为127ml/g(TS)和158ml/g(VS).     

室温下菠萝皮渣厌氧发酵产氢潜力研究

在室温（15～23℃）条件下,采用批量发酵工艺进行菠萝皮渣厌氧发酵制氢的试验研究。试验结果表明：菠萝皮渣的TS,VS发酵产氢潜力分别为156．9,164．19ml／g;发酵料液中原料的TS,VS利用率分别为35．59％,48.37％。     

辣椒厌氧发酵产H2和CH4的试验研究

以辣椒为原料,以实验室长期驯化的猪粪发酵残留物为底物的混合厌氧消化污泥作为接种物,在常温下进行批量发酵,发酵料液体积400 ml,RHT=86 d.TS质量分数为6.36%时,进行厌氧发酵产H2,产H2结束后使用NaOH溶液调节pH值为7.42,继续发酵产CH4.结果表明:辣椒产氢潜力(TS)为103.0L/kg,VS产氢潜力145.7 L/kg;TS产甲烷潜力为254.6 L/kg,VS产甲烷潜力为276.9 L/kg,其TS能量利用潜力达2 222.4 kJ/kg.     

小桐子油枯厌氧消化产气潜力研究

在23±1℃条件下,采取批量发酵工艺,研究了小桐子油枯发酵产沼气的潜力.试验结果表明:小桐子油枯TS,VS产沼气的潜力分别为404.23,435.12 ml/g,原料的TS,VS利用率分别为19.90%,34.30%;通过稀碱溶液调节发酵料液的pH值,有利于厌氧发酵产气的进行,TS,VS产沼气潜力分别升至478.79,515.38 ml/g,原料的TS,VS利用率分别升至25.89%,48.02%.     

稻草发酵产氢潜力的研究

以稻草为发酵原料 ,控制发酵料液pH值在 5 0左右 ,采用批量发酵工艺 ,进行了厌氧发酵产氢的研究。实验结果表明 ,稻草的产氢潜力为 5 3.5mL/g·TS和 6 3.6 5mL/g·VS。     

滇池蓝藻发酵产沼气的研究

进行了滇池新鲜蓝藻批量发酵产沼气的研究。研究结果表明,将直接从滇池打捞的蓝藻液静置分层除去60％（V／V）清水后,蓝藻TS为3．39％,VS为93．72％;在平均温度为20．2℃的发酵环境中,发酵66d,蓝藻TS产气潜力为487．3ml/g,VS产气潜力为491．0ml/g,甲烷的平均含量可达64．91％,蓝藻TS利用率为54．02％．VS利用率为57．33％。     

木薯酒精废醪产氢潜力的试验以及对产氢产甲烷联合发酵的研究

以木薯酒精废醪为原料,通过调节pH值至5.0,在(35±1)℃的中温条件下进行批量式沼气发酵实验,发酵料液的TS浓度设为6%。实验结果表明,氢气发酵试验的运行时间为11 d,净产气量为1615 mL,产氢潜力为92.13 mL/g(TS)、97.58 mL/g(VS),能源转换效率为1.58%。针对产氢发酵和产甲烷发酵能源转换效率低这一问题,对产氢、产甲烷联合发酵进行了分析,讨论了原料种类、接种量、温度、pH值、发酵浓度、氢气分压等参数对联合厌氧发酵的影响以及对发酵过程中动力学和菌群的探讨,并对以厌氧产氢产甲烷联合发酵的方法处理木薯酒精废醪进行了讨论。研究结果可为以后木薯酒精废醪的能源高效利用提供参考。     

基于响应曲面法的厨余发酵产氢条件优化研究

利用响应曲面法优化厨余发酵产氢条件。以初始pH、物料比和碳氮比为自变量,培养7天的产氢量为因变量,采用Box-Behnken(BB)设计,研究各自变量及其交互作用对厨余发酵产氢效果的影响。以模拟得到的二次多项式回归方程的预测模型为基础,得到物料比为10%、50%和90%,最佳反应条件下的产氢量(VS)分别为35.49,49.12,48.39 ml/g,远高于单因素实验的最高值34.21,46.36,45.21 ml/g,试验结果为厨余发酵产氢技术应用提供了技术参数。     

葡萄籽提油前后发酵产沼气潜力研究

在恒温25℃条件下,采取批量发酵工艺,研究了葡萄籽提油前后产沼气潜力。结果表明:葡萄籽TS,VS发酵产沼气的潜力分别为473.65 mL/g和484.55 mL/g,能源转换效率为37.25%;葡萄籽油枯TS,VS发酵产沼气的潜力分别为450.03 mL/g和460.44 mL/g,能源转换效率为36.43%。     

Gasification of horse dung in supercritical water

Horse dung naturally contains phosphorus and nitrogen which affect the environment negatively, if the nutrients are not recovered and utilized. In this paper, the influence of alkali on the gasification of horse dung at 560 °C, 25 MPa was investigated. The results show that LiOH addition increased H₂ fraction and the gas yield. The precipitated alkali in the reactor still showed high catalytic effect on the subsequent gasification of horse dung without further adding the alkali. A novel 4-lump kinetic model for horse dung in SCWG including feedstock, CH₄, CO, and CO₂ lumps is proposed.     

牛粪、秸秆混合厌氧发酵制沼气研究

利用自行设计的恒温厌氧发酵装置研究了秸秆和牛粪配比、温度、初始pH对沼气发酵的影响。结果表明,发酵物秸秆和牛粪比例为1∶1时,发酵效果最好,累积总产气量为3 059 ml;温度为45℃时,发酵效果最好,累积总产气量为3 308 ml;初始pH为7.0时,发酵效果最好,累积总产气量为3 857 ml,甲烷含量为55.2%。     

羊粪沼气发酵产气潜力的试验研究

在平均室温22．9℃的条件下，以羊粪为原料，进行批量发酵产沼气的试验研究。结果表明，在料液TS浓度为8．65％时，羊粪发酵产沼气潜力为214．47ml／g。     

Biohydrogen-production from beer lees biomass by cow dung compost

Efficient conversion of beer lees wastes into biohydrogen gas by microorganisms was reported for the first time. Batch tests were carried out to analyze influences of several environmental factors on yield of H₂ from beer lees wastes. The maximum yield of H₂ 68.6 ml H₂/g TVS was observed, the value is about 10-fold as compared with that of raw beer lees wastes. The hydrogen content in the biogas was more than 45% and there was no significant methane observed in this study. In addition, biodegradation characteristics of the substrate were also discussed. The results indicated that the HCl pretreatment of the substrate plays a key role in the conversion of the beer lees wastes into biohydrogen by the cow dung composts.     

糖浆废水与牛粪厌氧共发酵产甲烷特性研究

以糖浆废水和牛粪为底物,采取半连续发酵工艺运行CSTR厌氧发酵系统,考察混合底物中温(35℃)厌氧共发酵产甲烷特性。结果表明:厌氧发酵系统启动后产沼气速率较快,第8 d的沼气产量为350 m L/(L·d),进入稳定期后达到620 m L/(L·d);液相发酵短链挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)的乙酸含量高于68%。调节进料有机负荷和水力停留时间分别为3.5 g/(L·d)和40 d时,系统运行稳定性与效能最佳,沼气产量为1180 m L/(L·d),甲烷含量高于57%。运用454焦磷酸高通量测序技术分析厌氧发酵系统启动稳定期(40 d)的细菌群落结构和多样性,在细菌属分类水平存在846个OTU,ACE和Chao1分别为2 224.8和1 498.8;Firmicutes门、Proteobacteria门和Bacteroidetes门属优势细菌类群,分别占细菌总数的64.9%,18.2%和9.1%;在属分类水平上,Syntrophomonas sp.为最优势细菌类群,占总丰度的14.5%,其次是Clostridium XI sp.,占总丰度的6.9%。     

Biogas production enhancement by soya sludge amendment in cattle dung digesters

Biogas energy production from cattle dung is an economically feasible and eco-friendly in nature. But dependence only on cattle dung is a limiting factor. Rich nitrogen containing substrate addition to extra carbohydrate digester like cattle dung could improve the biogas production. Detailed performance of the digesters at different ratios of cattle dung and soya sludge has been discussed in this paper considering the cold countries climate. Soya sludge substrate not only has high nitrogen content of 4.0–4.8% but it also has high percentage of volatile solids content in the range of 97.8–98.8%. Soya sludge addition also improved the manurial value of the digested slurry and also improved the dewater-ability of the sludge. Results indicated an increment of 27.0% gas production at 25.0% amendment of soya sludge in non-homogenized cattle dung (NCD) digester. The amount of gas production increased to 46.4% in case of homogenized cattle dung (HCD) with respect to NCD feed at the same amendment.     

Fermentative bio-hydrogen production from cellulose by cow dung compost enriched cultures

The performance of hydrogen production from cellulose by the cow dung compost enriched continuously in defined medium containing cellulose was investigated. In the initial experiments, batch-fermentation was carried out to observe the effects of different substrate concentration conditions on the rate of cellulose-degrading, growth of bacteria and the capability of hydrogen-producing from cellulose. The result showed that the cellulose degradation decreased from 55% at 5 g/l to 22% at 30 g/l. The maximum cumulative hydrogen production and the rate of hydrogen production first increased from 828 ml/l at 5 g/l to 1251 ml/l at 10 g/l then remained constant beyond 10 g/l. The maximum hydrogen production potential, the rate of hydrogen production and the yield of hydrogen was 1525 ml/l, 33 ml/l.h, and 272 ml/g-cellulose (2.09 mol/mol-hexose) was obtained at substrate concentration 10 g/l, the hydrogen concentration in biogas was 47–50%(v/v) and there was no methane observed. During the conversion of cellulose into hydrogen, acetate and butyrate were main liquid end-products in the metabolism of hydrogen fermentation. These results proposed that cow dung compost enriched cultures were ideal microflora for hydrogen production from cellulose.