湿式氧化法处理TNT红水

为探索湿式氧化法处理TNT红水的可行性,采用间歇式氧化装置处理TNT红水,研究了反应温度、停留时间、进样pH值和反应初始氧气压强等条件对出水COD值的影响.结果表明,湿式氧化反应温度控制在200℃为宜,在初始氧气压强为4MPa,停留时间为10min,进水pH值为4时,TNT红水的COD值可由初始的56500mg/L下降到1072.5mg/L,去除率达98.10%.     

高级氧化法对城市污水深度处理过程中的影响因素

本文考察了UV／O3法对城市污水深度处理过程中的主要影响因素。结果表明有机污泥对COD去除率基本没有影响,但无机悬浮物SiO2对COD去除率影响较大,投加70mg／L的SiO2后COD氧化速率和去除率有较明显下降。UV／O3法处理城市污水生化处理水时,在pH=6～9范围内,COD去除率随pH值的升高而降低,说明较低pH值（pH=5）有利于COD的去除。随溶液碱度的增加,COD的去除率下降,碱度越高对COD去除的影响也越明显。SS、pH和碱度对UV260去除的影响均小于对COD去除的影响。     

旋转填料床中臭氧化处理染料废水的试验

研究了在旋转填料床中O3氧化处理染料废水。主要考察了超重力因子β、初始pH值和气液比等因素对脱色率的影响。试验结果表明,随着β的增大脱色率增大,β大于100后对脱色率增大不明显;脱色率随染料废水初始pH值增加呈先增大后略微下降的趋势;最佳初始pH值为10～11;气液比的增加有助于脱色率的提高。与传统O3气液反应设备相比,旋转填料床的高效传质特性可以提高O3的氧化功效和利用率,节约O3的消耗量。     

旋转填料床中O3/H2O2法处理染料废水试验研究

在旋转填料床中O3/H2O2法氧化处理单偶氮活性艳红-X3B,研究了气液传质对O3/H2O2法氧化处理活性染料废水的影响。主要考察了超重力因子β、初始pH值、O3与H2O2摩尔比和液气比等因素对脱色率的影响。研究表明,随着超重力因子β的增大脱色率增大,β大于100后对脱色率增大不明显;脱色率随染料废水初始pH值增加呈先增大后下降的趋势,最佳初始pH值为10—11;O3与H2O2的最优摩尔比为1左右;随着液气比的增加,脱色率下降。与传统O3气液反应设备相比,旋转填料床的高效传质特性可以提高O3的氧化功效和利用率,节约O3的消耗量。     

酸性嫩黄染料废水臭氧氧化处理的试验研究

依据臭氧高级氧化的机理,在实验室反应器中通过实验考察在臭氧氧化处理酸性嫩黄染料废水过程中,控制不同的O3投加量、废水的初始pH值、H2O2与O3摩尔比对酸性嫩黄染料废水的色度和COD去除率的影响。结果显示：O3高级氧化能够有效降解酸性嫩黄染料废水,体系中投加H2O2可以提高降解速率,缩短处理时间,降低O3耗量。在pH=7的条件下,单一臭氧氧化30min时,废水的色度和COD去除率分别为100％和57．1％;而提高废水的pH值有助于提高COD去除率。O3／H2O2氧化工艺,适宜的H2O2与O3摩尔比为0．6,氧化处理30min废水的COD去除率可达73．3％。     

臭氧氧化降解高浓度苯酚废水的研究

采用臭氧氧化技术对高浓度含酚废水进行了研究。考察了臭氧进气量、反应时间、温度及溶液初始pH值等因素对苯酚溶液COD去除率的影响。研究表明：在一定范围内，随臭氧进气量的增加、反应时间的增长，COD去除率增大；温度对COD去除率的影响不大；溶液的初始pH值对臭氧氧化有比较重要的影响，在pH值为11—12左右时，COD的去除率最大；在臭氧氧化处理高浓度含酚废水的过程中，酚的降解规律符合表观一级反应。     

O_3/UV工艺处理印染废水二级出水的试验研究

采用O3/UV工艺对生化处理后的低浓度印染污水进行处理。结果显示,对于初始pH值为7.4的500 mL废水,在臭氧投加量为33.75 mg,UV灯为10 W的条件下,O3/UV工艺的UV254去除率和COD cr去除率分别比单独臭氧工艺提高了30.6%,23.5%。相比于单独臭氧工艺,O3/UV工艺处理出水的有机物中,易氧化有机物的比例较大;废水pH值对单独臭氧工艺有较大的影响,对O3/UV工艺的影响较小;叔丁醇的加入,降低了O3/UV工艺的去除率。     

臭氧化污泥减量技术对出水水质的影响

为了探讨剩余污泥减量问题,采用臭氧氧化法处理曝气池回流污泥,考察臭氧氧化污泥减量技术对出水COD、NH3-N和TP的影响。实验结果表明：剩余污泥的比脱氢酶活性随通臭氧时间的延长而减少：在被臭氧氧化的泥水混合液中,SCOD的值是随时间的延长而增大;臭氧处理后的剩余污泥排入曝气池中,出水的COD、TP去除率无明显变化,出水NH3-N去除率有所增加。     

电氧化法处理有色行业废水中COD工艺的研究

本文探究了模拟采选矿废水电氧化处理的工艺优化,并用实际冶炼废水进行了适应性验证。通过优化反应时间、电流强度、COD初始浓度、pH值、极板对数等工艺参数,获取了电氧化处理黄药模拟液的最佳工艺条件：反应时间120 min,电流强度3 A,pH值为7,COD初始浓度为300mg/L的黄药模拟液中COD的去除率为80%。此外,在电氧化过程中采用臭氧曝气,曝气后的COD去除率比未曝气时提高4%左右。最后,采用某冶炼废水进行适应性验证,电解60 min,COD可去除72.43%,这与处理黄药模拟液效果基本相当。     

O_3/H_2O_2法处理印染废水二级出水的试验研究

H2O2协同臭氧氧化实验中,对于初始pH值为6.8的500 mL废水,在臭氧投加量为48 mg,0.1 mL H2O2在反应前加注到反应器的条件下,O3/H2O2工艺的COD cr去除率比臭氧单独氧化提高了7.9%。对于O3/H2O2工艺,其最佳H2O2投加量随废水pH值的增加而减少;一次投加H2O2方式的COD cr去除率在大部分时间内都好于间歇投加H2O2方式。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。